MAKNA NATAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEOLOGIS DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA BAGI KEHIDUPAN ORANG KRISTEN MASA KINI

Title of this article is “The Meaning of Christmas in Theological Perspective and Its Implementation in the Life of Christians Today” aims to describe the meaning of Christmas from theological perspective and its application in the lives of Christians now. This article used qualitative method with literature study approach. Data in this article were collected from various source, books and journal. The result of this research is that Christians should interpret Christmas not only as a tradition or celebration, but a celebration that should lead people to understand that Christmas is a commemoration of the birth of Jesus and it is He who is awaited by the world as a bringer of peace and that should be implemented in the life of Christians today. Based on the results of this article, hoped that Christians will be share peace in their lives

HAMBA UANG: Kajian Teologis tentang Penyebab Kasus Korupsi Berdasarkan 2 Timotius 3:2a

This article entitled ‘Servant of Money: A Theological Study of the Causes of Corruption Cases based on 2 Timothy 3:2a’ aims to describe a theological study of the causes of corruption cases based on 2 Timothy 3:2a which focuses on one of the human conditions at the end of time, namely the servant of money. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The data in this article were collected from various sources such as books and journals. The results of this study are that one of the causes of humans including Christians falling into corruption cases is the nature of being a slave to money or a situation where humans make money their master. Based on these findings, it is suggested to every human being, especially Christians, to always put God first

Sustainability in the supply chain of dairy industry. Case : Granarolo SPA and DMK group

LAUREA MAGISTRALEIl ruolo dell'industria lattiero-casearia sta aiutando i consumatori a rimanere sani e sostenibili. Sempre più consumatori si preoccupano non solo di salute e nutrizione, ma di come il cibo è cresciuto, dove è stato coltivato, se sono state utilizzate pratiche sostenibili e una moltitudine di altre questioni etiche e sociali relative alle pratiche di produzione. Negli ultimi anni ha ricevuto notevole attenzione poiché molti attori sul mercato stanno evidenziando maggiori preoccupazioni in materia di salute e ambiente. Queste preoccupazioni spingono le aziende del settore lattiero-caseario ad aumentare la loro consapevolezza ambientale. Lo scopo di questa ricerca di tesi è comprendere l'importanza e il grado di implementazione delle pratiche sostenibili nella filiera dei prodotti lattiero-caseari, esaminando come le pratiche di sostenibilità sono associate alle prestazioni dell'azienda. Questa ricerca ha identificato le principali categorie di informazioni che determinano in modo significativo la fattibilità, l'opportunità e / o forse l'urgenza di lavorare verso una filiera sostenibile nell'industria lattiero-casearia e di identificare le migliori pratiche relative alla sostenibilità e di indagare come viene condotta la valutazione della sostenibilità confrontando diverse aziende lattiero-casearie in tutta Europa e la valutazione di un'azienda rispetto ad altre società in ciascun settore.The role of the Dairy industry is helping consumers to stay healthy and Sustainable. Increasingly consumers are concerned with not just health and nutrition, but how food was grown, where it was grown, whether sustainable practices were used and a multitude of other ethical and social issues regarding production practices. It has been receiving considerable attention in recent years as many actors in the market are highlighting larger concern on health and environment. These concerns are pushing companies of Dairy industry to increase their environmental awareness. The aim of this thesis research is to understand the importance and the degree of implementation of sustainable practices in the Dairy Products supply chain by investigating how the sustainability practices are associated to performance in the firm. This research identified the key categories of information that significantly determine the feasibility, opportunity, and/or perhaps urgency of working toward a sustainable supply chain in Dairy Industry and to identify the best practices related to sustainability and to investigate how sustainability assessment is carried out by comparing different Dairy companies across Europe and rating of a company against other companies in each sector

Sequencing, assembly and annotation of the mitochondrial and plastid genomes of Gelidium pristoides (Turner) Kützing from Kenton-on-Sea, South Africa

The genome is the complete set of an organism's hereditary information that contains all the information necessary for the functioning of that organism. Complete nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid DNA constitute the three main types of genomes which play interconnected roles in an organism. Genome sequencing enables researchers to understand the regulation and expression of the various genes and the proteins they encode. It allows researchers to extract and analyse genes of interests for a variety of studies including molecular, biotechnological, bioinformatics and conservation and evolutionary studies. Genome sequencing of Rhodophyta has received little attention. To date, no published studies are focusing on both whole genome sequencing and sequencing of the organellar genomes of Rhodophyta species found in along the South African coastline. This study focused on genome sequencing, assembly and annotation mitochondrial and plastid genomes of Gelidium pristoides. Gelidium pristoides was collected from Kenton-on-Sea and was morphologically identified at Rhodes University. Its genomic DNA was extracted using the Nucleospin® Plant II kit and quantified using Qubit 2.0, Nanodrop and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The Ion Plus Fragment Library kit was used for the preparation of a 600 bp library, which was sequenced in two separate runs through the Ion S5 platform. The produced reads were quality-controlled through the Ion Torrent server version 5.6. and assessed using the FASTQC program. The SPAdes version 3.11.1 assembler was used to assemble the quality-controlled reads, and the resultant genome assembly was quality-assessed using the QUAST 4.1 software. The mitochondrial genome was selected from the produced Gelidium pristoides draft genome using mitochondrial genomes of other Gelidiales as search queries on the local BLAST algorithm of the BioEdit software. Contigs matching the organellar genomes were ordered according to the mitochondrial genomes of other Gelidiales using the trial version of Geneious R11.12 software. The plastid genome was also selected following the same approach but using plastid genomes of Gelidium elegans and Gelidium vagum as search queries. Gaps observed in the organellar genomes were closed by amplification of the relevant gap using polymerase chain reaction with newly designed primers and Sanger sequencing. Open reading frames for both organellar genomes were annotated using the NCBI ORF-Finder and alignments obtained from BlastN and BlastX searches from the NCBI database, while the tRNAs and rRNAs were identified using the tRNAscan-SE1.21 vi and the RNAmmer 1.2 servers. The circular physical map of the mitochondrial genome was constructed using the CGView server. Lastly, in silico analysis of cytochrome c oxidase 3 and Heat Shock Protein 70 was performed using the PRIMO and the SWISS-MODEL pipelines respectively. Their phylogenies were analysed through Clustal omega and the trees viewed on TreeView 1.6.6 software. Qubit and Nanodrop genomic DNA qualification revealed A260/A280 and A230/A260 ratios of 1.81 and 1.52 respectively. The 1% agarose gel electrophoresis further confirmed the good quality of the genomic DNA used for library preparation and sequencing. Pre-assembly quality control of reads resulted in a total of 30 792 074 high-quality reads which were assembled into a total of 94140 contigs, making up an estimated genome length of 217.06 Mb. The largest contig covered up to 13.17 kb of the draft genome, and an N50 statistic value of 3.17 kb was obtained. The G.pristoides mitochondrial genome mapped into a circular molecule of 25012 bp, with an overall GC content of 31.04% and a total of 45 genes distributed into 20 tRNA-coding, 2 rRNAcoding genes and 23 protein-coding genes, mostly adopting the modified genetic code of Rhodophyta. The SecY and rps12 genes overlapped by 41 bp. This study presents a partial plastid genome composed of 89 (38%) fully annotated genes, of which 71 are protein-coding, and 18 are distributed among 15 tRNA-coding, 2 rRNA-coding and 1 RNaseP RNA-coding genes. Sixty-one (26%) partial protein-coding genes were predicted, while approximately 84 (36%) genes are not yet predicted. In silico analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase and heat shock protein 70 showed that the gene sequences obtained in this study and the resultant transcribed protein have sequences and structures that are similar to those from several other different species, thus validating the integrity of the genome sequences. This study provides genomic data necessary for understanding the genomic constituent of G.pristoides and serve as a foundation for studies of individual genes and for resolving evolutionary relationships

Gastroesophageal reflux to esophageal adenocarcinoma: pathogenesis, risk stratification, and precision surveillance

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a global public health burden with a rising prevalence driven by urbanization, aging populations, and modifiable lifestyle factors. This narrative review delineates the progression from GERD to Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and ultimately to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), emphasizing the epidemiological trends, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications. The global prevalence of GERD has surged by over 77% since 1990, affecting an estimated 800 million individuals, with notable geographic variability and underestimation in low- and middle-income countries owing to inconsistent diagnostic criteria and reporting. BE, a metaplastic transformation of the esophageal epithelium due to chronic reflux, is recognized as the only precursor of EAC. This progression involves a complex interplay between sustained inflammation, molecular dysregulation, and genetic mutations. Key signaling pathways, including NF-κB, IL6/STAT3, NOTCH, and Hedgehog, mediate epithelial remodeling and carcinogenic transformation. Dysplasia, particularly high-grade dysplasia (HGD), remains a key histopathological predictor of malignancy, complemented by molecular biomarkers such as TP53 mutations, aneuploidy, and gene expression alterations. This review also addresses clinical risk stratification, identifying high-risk cohorts based on segment length, obesity, smoking, symptom frequency, and genetic predisposition. Despite robust knowledge, gaps in surveillance persist, with current endoscopic screening failing to capture asymptomatic or under-recognized high-risk groups of patients. Non-endoscopic tools, such as Cytosponge and liquid biopsy, are promising adjuncts for bridging these gaps. A precision prevention approach, integrating molecular diagnostics, risk-based screening, and inclusive surveillance, is essential for mitigating the rising incidence of EAC and improving outcomes in at-risk populations

The Barriers to Implementing English School Based Curriculum In Indonesia: Teachers perspective

Eight years have passed since the current English School Based Curriculum 2006 for Junior High School in Indonesia first introduced in school, so teachers, principals and other stakeholders have had sufficient time to work with it and discover both the positive aspects and limitation in their individual context. At the time of its introduction, it represented a radical change of teacher’s role. Teachers is not only the implementer but also a designer and developer of recent curriculum. This new paradigm requires the presence of qualified teachers who are able to determine their own material, teaching methods and assessment those are suitable for their students. Consequently, a teacher will have greater flexibility and accountability in transferring the curriculum into classroom level. This new double role will require a greater level of expertise in curriculum decision making. The aim of this article is twofold. First, it will t give a comprehensive review of the challenges in implementing English School Based for Senior High School 2006 from teachers perspective. It discusses the challenges that teachers hold as designer and implementer of the curriculum, and second, it will look into the importance of teacher change and commitment in succeeding the present curriculum

Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Insentif terhadap Pengetahuan dan Serapan Tenaga Kerja pada Penerima Kartu Prakerja di Kota Makassar

Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan dengan mengolah data kuesioner responden penerima kartu prakerja maka ditemukan hasil bahwa (1) pelatihan berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap pengetahuan sebesar 0,456, (2) insentif terhadap pengetahuan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan sebanyak 0,491 , (3) pengaruh pengetahuan terhadap serapan tenaga kerja memiliki nilai signifikan 0,379, (4) pengaruh langung pelatihan terhadap serapan tenaga kerja sebesar 0,372 (5) nilai pengaruh langsung antara insentif terhadap serapan tenaga kerja sebesar 0,165 (6) besar pengaruh tidak langsung antara pelatihan terhadap serapan tenaga kerja melalui pengetahuan memiliki nilai positif dan signifikan sebesar 0,172 (7) pengaruh tidak langsung antara insentif terhadap serapan tenaga kerja melalui pengetahuan memiliki nilai positif dan signifikan sebesar 0,186

Comparison of IgG4 assays using whole parasite extract and BmR1 recombinant antigen in determining antibody prevalence in brugian filariasis

BACKGROUND: Brugia malayi is endemic in several Asian countries with the highest prevalence in Indonesia. Determination of prevalence of lymphatic filariasis by serology has been performed by various investigators using different kinds of antigen (either soluble worm antigen preparations or recombinant antigens). This investigation compared the data obtained from IgG4 assays using two different kinds of antigen in a study on prevalence of antibodies to B. malayi. METHODS: Serum samples from a transmigrant population and life long residents previously tested with IgG4 assay using soluble worm antigen (SWA-ELISA), were retested with an IgG4 assay that employs BmR1 recombinant antigen (BmR1 dipstick [Brugia Rapid™]). The results obtained with the two antigens were compared, using Pearson chi-square and McNemar test. RESULTS: There were similarities and differences in the results obtained using the two kinds of antigen (SWA and BmR1). Similarities included the observation that assays using both antigens demonstrated an increasing prevalence of IgG4 antibodies in the transmigrant population with increasing exposure to the infection, and by six years living in the area, antibody prevalence was similar to that of life-long residents. With regards to differences, of significance is the demonstration of similar antibody prevalence in adults and children by BmR1 dipstick whereas by SWA-ELISA the antibody prevalence in adults was higher than in children. CONCLUSIONS: Results and conclusions made from investigations of prevalence of anti-filarial IgG4 antibody in a population would be affected by the assay employed in the study

Safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of MTBVAC in infants: a phase 2a randomised, double-blind, dose-defining trial in a TB endemic setting

Safer and more effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccines than Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) are needed. We evaluated the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of three dose levels of the live-attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) vaccine, MTBVAC, compared to BCG, in South African infants. Methods. Healthy, HIV-unexposed, BCG-naïve infants were randomised to receive a single intradermal dose of BCG (2.5 × 105 CFU, n = 24) or MTBVAC (2.5 × 104, 2.5 × 105, or 2.5 × 106 CFU, each n = 25). Safety endpoints were solicited systemic, solicited injection site, and unsolicited adverse events (AE), and serious AE (SAE). Immunogenicity was measured using interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) and whole blood intracellular cytokine staining assay. Follow-up was 12 months post-vaccination. Findings. Ninety-nine infants were enrolled between 18 February 2019 and 08 March 2021. Seventy-eight infants experienced reactogenicity AE (all mild except one grade 2 erythema). Induration, swelling, and erythema were more frequent as MTBVAC dose increased. All reactogenicity events were less frequent in infants receiving MTBVAC 2.5 × 105 CFU compared with BCG. Twelve infants (three BCG and nine MTBVAC recipients) experienced 14 vaccine-unrelated SAE, including one death due to bronchopneumonia (MTBVAC recipient). Eight infants were treated for unconfirmed pulmonary TB (four BCG and four MTBVAC 2.5 × 104 CFU recipients); one BCG recipient was treated for unconfirmed TB meningitis. MTBVAC was immunogenic at all 3 doses, inducing predominantly Th1-cytokine-expressing CD4 T cells, which peaked at Day 56. The 2.5 × 105 and 2.5 × 106 CFU MTBVAC doses induced similar response magnitudes and were more immunogenic than BCG. Day 56 IGRA conversion was observed in 61 (87.4%) infants receiving any MTBVAC dose, but only 28 (42.4%) remained positive by Day 365. Interpretation. MTBVAC appeared safe, well-tolerated, and immunogenic at doses between 2.5 × 104 and 2.5 × 106 CFU in South African infants. The 2.5 × 105 CFU MTBVAC dose, being less reactogenic and more immunogenic than BCG, was selected for a multi-centre, phase 3 trial