DibuCell Active biodegradabile dressing in treatment of chronic skin ulcers

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie ‚‚Nicolae Testemițanu’’, IMSP Institutul de Medicină Urgentă, Chișinău, Republica Moldova, Al XIII-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” și al III-lea Congres al Societății de Endoscopie, Chirurgie miniminvazivă și Ultrasonografie ”V.M.Guțu” din Republica MoldovaIntroducere: Ulcerele trofice tegumentare reprezintă o entitate clinică comună, cu o frecvență de cca 0,3% în rândul populației adulte. Tratamentul este de durată, frecvent cu eficiență scăzută și grad înalt de recidivă, necesitând abordare multidisciplinară. Scop: Evaluarea eficienței utilizării pansamentului biodegradabil DibuCell Active în tratamentul ulcerelor tegumentare cronice. Material și metode: A fost efectuat studiu prospectiv pe 14 pacienți cu ulcere trofice cronice, internați în secțiile Chirurgie septicopurulentă și Vasculară ale IMSP IMU pe perioada anului 2019. Criteriile de selecție a pacienților: dimensiunile ulcerului >2cm2, absența focarului septic, tratament topic >6 luni, vârsta peste 40 ani. Tratamentul cu DibuCell Active a fost efectuat conform schemei propuse de producător, fără alt tratament local. S-a urmărit dinamica epitelizării ulcerelor, durata de tratament. Rezultate: Conform duratei tratamentului pacienții s-au divizat în: I lot (ulcerul 3cm2 ) epitelizare completă până la 15 zile– 1(7,2%);II lot (ulcerul – 3-50cm2 ) epitelizare completă în 15-34 zile – 11(78,5%), III lot (ulcerul>50cm2 ) epitelizare incompletă cu micșorarea ulcerului cu 50% până la 34 zile – 2(14,3%). Concluzii: Pansamentul biodegradabil DibuCell Active are o eficacitate majoră în tratamentul ulcerelor tegumentare, sporind epitelizarea, chiar și în cazurile când tratamentul topic al acestora a fost de lungă durată și ineficace. Biodegradabilitatea pansamentului DibuCell Active reduce durata tratamentului, întreținerea pansamentului fără traumarea granulațiilor noi formate, mărește confortul de menaj.Introduction: Trophic skin ulcers are a common clinical entity with a frequency of approximately 0.3% among the adult population. Treatment is lasting, often with low efficiency and high recurrence, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Aim: Assessing the effectiveness of using DibuCell Active biodegradable dressing in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. Material and methods: A prospective study was conducted on 14 patients with chronic trophic ulcers, hospitalized in septic and vascular Surgery in Emergency Hospital during 2019. Patient selection criteria: Ulcer size> 2cm2, aseptic wound, topical treatment> 6 months , age over 40 years. DibuCell Active treatment was performed according to the scheme proposed by the manufacturer without any other local treatment. The dynamics of epithelial ulcers and duration of treatment was analised. Results: According to the duration of treatment the patients were divided into: I lot (ulcer 3cm2 ) complete epithelization up to 15 days - 1 (7.2%); II lot (ulcer - 3-50cm2 ) complete epithelization in 15-34 days - 11 (78.5%), III lot (ulcer> 50cm2 ) incomplete epithelialization with ulcer reduction by 50% to 34 days - 2 %). Conclusions: DibuCell Active biodegradable dressing has a major efficacy in the treatment of skin ulcers, enhancing epithelization, even in cases where their topical treatment has been long lasting and ineffective. The biodegradability of the DibuCell Active dressing reduces the duration of treatment, maintenance of the dressing without trauma of the newly formed tisue, increases the comfort of the mentenance

The genetic mating system of a sea spider with male-biased sexual size dimorphism: evidence for paternity skew despite random mating success

Male-biased size dimorphism is usually expected to evolve in taxa with intense male–male competition for mates, and it is hence associated with high variances in male mating success. Most species of pycnogonid sea spiders exhibit female-biased size dimorphism, and are notable among arthropods for having exclusive male parental care of embryos. Relatively little, however, is known about their natural history, breeding ecology, and mating systems. Here we first show that Ammothella biunguiculata, a small intertidal sea spider, exhibits male-biased size dimorphism. Moreover, we combine genetic parentage analysis with quantitative measures of sexual selection to show that male body size does not appear to be under directional selection. Simulations of random mating revealed that mate acquisition in this species is largely driven by chance factors, although actual paternity success is likely non-randomly distributed. Finally, the opportunity for sexual selection (Is), an indirect metric for the potential strength of sexual selection, in A. biunguiculata males was less than half of that estimated in a sea spider with female-biased size dimorphism, suggesting the direction of size dimorphism may not be a reliable predictor of the intensity of sexual selection in this group. We highlight the suitability of pycnogonids as model systems for addressing questions relating parental investment and sexual selection, as well as the current lack of basic information on their natural history and breeding ecology

Genomic comparisons reveal biogeographic and anthropogenic impacts in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): a dietary-specialist species distributed across heterogeneous environments

The Australian koala is an iconic marsupial with highly specific dietary requirements distributed across heterogeneous environments, over a large geographic range. The distribution and genetic structure of koala populations has been heavily influenced by human actions, specifically habitat modification, hunting and translocation of koalas. There is currently limited information on population diversity and gene flow at a species-wide scale, or with consideration to the potential impacts of local adaptation. Using species-wide sampling across heterogeneous environments, and high-density genome-wide markers (SNPs and PAVs), we show that most koala populations display levels of diversity comparable to other outbred species, except for those populations impacted by population reductions. Genetic clustering analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction reveals a lack of support for current taxonomic classification of three koala subspecies, with only a single evolutionary significant unit supported. Furthermore, similar to 70% of genetic variance is accounted for at the individual level. The Sydney Basin region is highlighted as a unique reservoir of genetic diversity, having higher diversity levels (i.e., Blue Mountains region; AvHe(corr)-0.20, PL% = 68.6). Broad-scale population differentiation is primarily driven by an isolation by distance genetic structure model (49% of genetic variance), with clinal local adaptation corresponding to habitat bioregions. Signatures of selection were detected between bioregions, with no single region returning evidence of strong selection. The results of this study show that although the koala is widely considered to be a dietary-specialist species, this apparent specialisation has not limited the koala's ability to maintain gene flow and adapt across divergent environments as long as the required food source is available

Desigualdades socioeconômicas e regionais na cobertura de exames citopatológicos do colo do útero

Objetivos: Identificar desigualdades socioeconômicas e regionais na cobertura de exames citopatológicos do colo do útero no Rio Grande do Sul.Métodos: Estudo ecológico utilizou dados dos sistemas de informação em saúde de 2011-2012 para estimar coberturas anuais de exames para todas as mulheres residentes e para as não beneficiárias de planos privados de saúde. Desigualdades na cobertura foram estimadas conforme o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social Municipal, macrorregiões e regiões de saúde.Resultados: A prevalência de mulheres não beneficiarias de planos privados de saúde variou de 38,1% a 94,2% entre regiões de saúde. A cobertura estadual foi 17,3% para todas as residentes e 23,8% para as não beneficiárias de planos privados. As maiores coberturas ocorreram nos municípios em maior vulnerabilidade social e nas regiões com maior prevalência de planos privados.Conclusões: A prevalência de planos privados de saúde deve ser considerada em estudos da cobertura de serviços pelo Sistema Único de Saúde.Palavras-chave: Desigualdades em saúde. Prevenção de câncer de colo uterino. Cobertura de serviços públicos de saúde

Are Africans, Europeans, and Asians Different “Races”? A Guided-Inquiry Lab for Introducing Undergraduate Students to Genetic Diversity and Preparing Them to Study Natural Selection

Many students do not recognize that individual organisms within populations vary, and this may make it difficult for them to recognize the essential role variation plays in natural selection. Also, many students have weak scientific reasoning skills, and this makes it difficult for them to recognize misconceptions they might have. This paper describes a 2-h laboratory for college students that introduces them to genetic diversity and gives them practice using hypothetico-deductive reasoning. In brief, the lab presents students with DNA sequences from Africans, Europeans, and Asians, and asks students to determine whether people from each continent qualify as distinct “races.” Comparison of the DNA sequences shows that people on each continent are not more similar to one another than to people on other continents, and therefore do not qualify as distinct races. Ninety-four percent of our students reported that the laboratory was interesting, and 79% reported that it was a valuable learning experience. We developed and used a survey to measure the extent to which students recognized variation and its significance within populations and showed that the lab increased student awareness of variation. We also showed that the lab improved the ability of students to construct hypothetico-deductive arguments

The computer program STRUCTURE does not reliably identify the main genetic clusters within species: simulations and implications for human population structure

One of the primary goals of population genetics is to succinctly describe genetic relationships among populations, and the computer program STRUCTURE is one of the most frequently used tools for doing so. The mathematical model used by STRUCTURE was designed to sort individuals into Hardy–Weinberg populations, but the program is also frequently used to group individuals from a large number of populations into a small number of clusters that are supposed to represent the main genetic divisions within species. In this study, I used computer simulations to examine how well STRUCTURE accomplishes this latter task. Simulations of populations that had a simple hierarchical history of fragmentation showed that when there were relatively long divergence times within evolutionary lineages, the clusters created by STRUCTURE were frequently not consistent with the evolutionary history of the populations. These difficulties can be attributed to forcing STRUCTURE to place individuals into too few clusters. Simulations also showed that the clusters produced by STRUCTURE can be strongly influenced by variation in sample size. In some circumstances, STRUCTURE simply put all of the individuals from the largest sample in the same cluster. A reanalysis of human population structure suggests that the problems I identified with STRUCTURE in simulations may have obscured relationships among human populations—particularly genetic similarity between Europeans and some African populations

Multimodal flight display of a neotropical songbird predicts social pairing but not extrapair mating success

Models of sexual selection predict that socially monogamous females may gain direct or indirect (genetic) benefits by mating with multiple males. We addressed current hypotheses by investigating how, in the socially monogamous blue-black grassquit (Volatinia jacarina), male courtship and territory quality varied with social and extrapair paternity. Males of this tropical granivorous passerine exhibit multimodal displays integrating motor (leap displays) and acoustic components. Across 3 years, we found that extrapair paternity ranged from 8 to 34 % of all nestlings and from 11 to 47 % of all broods. Extrapair and socially paired male territories had similar seed densities. Females preferred to pair socially with males executing higher leaps, but no other male display characteristic associated with paternity loss and extrapair fertilizations. Extrapair and social mates did not differ in genetic similarity to female partners nor in inbreeding levels. Additionally, inbreeding and body condition of extrapair and within-pair nestlings did not differ. Thus, not only did we reject the direct benefits hypothesis for extrapair copulations, but our results also did not support the additive and nonadditive genetic benefits hypotheses. Instead, we found support for benefits through selection of potentially “good fathers,” specifically for females that chose to pair socially with males exhibiting enhanced performance in their displays.</p