Larvicidal activity of essential oils of Haridra and Tulsi against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles larvae

An attempt is made in the present study to analyse the larvicidal activity of Haridra and Tulsi against Aedes and Anopheles larvae. Larval bioassays were carried out at different concentrations 50-500ppm. The larval mortality of fourth instar larvae of A. aegypti and Anopheles after 24h of treatment was observed separately in control, 50, 62.5, 100, 150, 250, 300 and 500 ppm concentrations. Based on the Probit analysis, Significant effect (Estimate adh_conc = 3.069, 95% C.I. [2.082, 4.057], z = 6.093, p<.05) of Haridra oil extract concentration for Aedes (adh_conc) on the Probit response or mortality was observed. The median lethal Concentration, LC50= 166.353, 95% C.I. [134.745, 203.268], 90% Lethal Concentration, LC90 = 435.065, 95% C.I. [328.259, 712.462] were recorded. Statistical analysis revealed that significant effect (Estimate adt_conc = 3.369, 95% C.I. [2.229, 4.509], z = 5.791, p<.05) of Tulsi oil extract on Aedes larvae concentration (adt_conc) on the Probit response or larvae mortality (adt_mort) was observed. The median Lethal Concentration, LC50= 105.051, 95% Confidence Intervals (C.I). [81.451, 127.428], 90% Lethal Concentration, LC90 = 252.242, 95% C.I. [199.229, 376.772] of essential oil of Tulsi oil against Aedes aegypti larvae was recorded. No mortality of Aedes larvae was recorded in the control group. Essential oil of Haridra at different concentrations shows a significant effect (Estimate anh_conc = 2.038, 95% C.I. [1.180, 2.896], z = 4.655, p<.05 against the mortality of Anopheles Larvae on the Probit response or mortality. The median Lethal Concentration, LC50 = 124.823, 95% Confidence interval CI. [84.002, 164.336], 90% Lethal Concentration, LC90 = 530.978, 95% C.I. [349.474, 1333.827] of essential oil of Curcuma longa against Anopheles larvae was recorded. (Estimate ant_conc = 2.257, 95% C.I. [1.135, 3.200], z = 4.694, p<.05) of Tulsi oil - extract on Anopheles Larvae concentration (ant_conc) on the Probit response or mortality (ant mort) was observed. Median Lethal Concentration, LC50 = 339.419, 95% Confidence Interval (C.I.) [259.239, 533.727], 90% Lethal Concentration, LC90 = 1254.519, 95% C.I. [717.77, 4574.12] of essential oil of Tulsi oil against Anopheles larvae. Larvicidal activity of both the plants against Aedes larvae at different concentration was significant. But LC50 and LC90 values of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) against mortality of Aedes aegypti were less as compared to Curcuma longa (Haridra). It revealed that Tulsi showed better larvicidal activity against Aedes larvae as compared to Haridra. It was also observed that LC50 and LC90 values of Haridra against Anopheles larvae were less than Tulsi. It revealed that Haridra showed better larvicidal activity against Anopheles larvae as compared to Tulsi

ROLE OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA IN ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE (HRIDAROGA): A REVIEW

Now days, life is becoming very stressful and fast. As many diseases originate due to this hectic lifestyle. One of the important disease is Hridaroga (Ischemic heart disease), which is responsible for many deaths in early age. In Ayurveda, Hridaroga & their symptoms are described in many textbooks. Management of Hridaroga is also very critical and important. In modern medicine, only expensive interventional procedures are described but on the other hand, Ayurvedic herbs are better, cost effective & good therapeutic option for IHD (Hridaroga). The review emphasizes on various properties of Terminalia arjuna. Many clinical & animal studies on T.arjuna show its effect on ECG changes, LV functions & myocardial ischaemic reperfusion injury-etc. Besides this it also has antiatherosclerotic, anticoagulant, anti-infarction, hypolipidemic & hypotensive properties. So, Ayurvedic drug (T. arjuna) is a better option for the treatment of IHD (Hridaroga) because it can improve the quality of life in individuals & potentially save millions of lives

Role of Panchakarma in Visha Chiktisa

Disease and death due to poisoning is a burning issue in worldwide. The term Poisoning not only limited upto animal and vegetable poisons, it can include Dooshivisha, Garavisha and various radiations. Ayurveda has described different methods of treatment in poisoning. Panchakarma therapy has great importance because it can remove toxins from deeper tissue level. Panchakarma procedures are used depending upon the route of entry of poison and absorption. This article concludes how Panchakarma procedures are useful in Visha Chikitsa as a detoxification therapy

A STUDY ON VISHAGHNA PROPERTY OF SHANKHPUSHPI (CONVOLVULUS PLURICAULIS CHOIS) W.S.R. TO SUB ACUTE TOXICITY IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis chois) is an indigenous and very significant herb which is considered as a gift of nature in Ayurveda. In Ayurvedic literature, Shankhpushpi is considered as Medhya rasayana means it enhances the knowledge, memory and retaining power of a person. Shankhpushpi which is well described and abundantly available is taken for the Vishaghna property also. Although, the Medhya property of Shankhpushpi is well marketed and used by different pharmaceutical companies but, the Vishaghna property of this miraculous drug should be researched and established as it may fulfil the long awaited gap of Ayurvedic antitoxic substance(Agad). In this study 24 albino wistar rats were divided in four groups such as group G1, G2, G3 & G4 with 6 rats in each group. Group G2, G3 & G4 had received PCM in dose 1000mg/kg body weight for 7 days to induce hepato-nephro toxicity while group G1 was normal control group which was kept on normal feeding. After inducing hepato-nephro toxicity the sample drug Shankhpushpi in Group G2 in the form of Churna and in group G3 in the form of aqueous extract (Kwatha) was administered while in group G4 only normal saline was administered for 28 days. On the basis of study it can be concluded that toxicity induced by 1000mg/kg body weight PCM did not cause any neurological manifestations. After 28 days administration of drug Shankhpushpi Churna as well as Kwatha in group G2 & group G3, body weight and food consumption in this group slightly increased while in group G4 no any significant changes were found. Therapeutic administration of Shankhpushpi as Churna as well as Kwatha significantly decreased PCM induced toxicity

PATHYA APATHYA: IMPACT AND ROLE IN LIFESTYLE DISORDERS

Ayurveda is an ancient and most trusted Indian system of medicine commonly used by Indians since time immemorial. Lifestyle diseases/ Metabolic diseases are described as diseases related to the way an individual or group of individuals live, also are referred under Non-Communicable Diseases. Over-crowding and rapid unplanned urbanization; globalization of unhealthy lifestyles is responsible for some of the major reasons for a sedentary life leading to these diseases. It includes arteriosclerosis, heart disease, stroke, obesity and type-2 diabetes, diseases related to smoking, alcohol and drug abuse. The contribution of metabolic risk factors such as high blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol and that of improper diet and alcohol use resulting in health loss. Therefore, the occurrence of these disorders has doubled in India over the past quarter of a century therefore it is the need of the hour to manage them diligently. Diet plays a key role to nourish life and balanced diet is very important for maintaining good health. In Ayurveda, wholesome diet is described which plays a very important role specifically rather than in modern medicine which emphasizes only on the components in the diet like proteins, carbohydrates, fats etc. Ayurveda additionally deals with various other aspects like combination of food article, their quantity, method of preparation, their emotional effect, nature of consumer including environmental considerations. Pathya and Apathya Ahara (dietary consideration) is a significant component of almost each and every prescription in Ayurveda therapy. Sometimes, Pathya-Apathya (dietary management) is itself an entire treatment

Time to look upon the Ayurvedic Dietary Habits in the Present Scenario : A Critical Reappraisal

Background: Ayurveda places special emphasis on "Ahara" (diet) and "Anna" (food) as a means to good life, health and wellness. According to the Ayurveda ones who consume Viruddha Ahara are prone to many disorders. According to Acharya Charak those food substances and combinations, which induce deteriorating action on the body tissues, that is, Dhatus can be called as Viruddha Ahara. Acharya Charaka also pointed out the eighteen dietetic incompatibilities that generate the toxins responsible for generating the pathogenesis systematically or less commonly localized. Objective: To conclude the association of Virudhha Ahar with disease in the individual who consume these incompatible foods with short and long duration. Materials and Methods: A through search of modern medicine and Ayurvedic literature through free searching engine like PubMed and Google Scholar are used. Relevant results analysed and draw the conclusion. Results: Many studies held in Ayurvedic Institutions in India regarding the Viruddh Ahar mostly arrived on the conclusion that combinations of certain food items cause certain disease. Even for taking chronically this may cause cancer also. Conclusion: There is great need of checking and proving facts enumerated in the old text regarding the Viruddha Ahar based on the evidence based Modern medicine. So that it can be applied in modern medicine also. However, In Ayurvedic discipline the Viruddha Ahar certainly cause the disease depending on the nature, amount, frequency, duration and immunity status of the individual approved in many Ayurvedic studies

An evaluation of pharmacological actions of Padmak Agada: A Review

Agada means the medicaments which have antitoxic properties. They are used to combat Gada which means disease, discomforts, pain, or morbid conditions produced by any type of the poison. For the management of different poisons many formulations are mentioned in Ayurveda. Acharaya Vagbhatta has mentioned so many formulations in Keetlootadivishpratishedham Adhyay of Ashtanghrudayam Uttarsthana. One of those formulation is Padmakagada, which is indicated in the treatment of all types of insect bite (Keet Visha and Loota Visha). Padmakagada can be used in different forms like Nasya (Nasal instillation), Dhoom (medicated smoke), Abhyanga (massage), Paan (drink) etc. It contains 5 ingredients including Priyangu, Haridra, Daruharidra, ghee and honey. Easy availability of its ingredients and simplicity of the preparation and preservation of the formulation may encourage the physician to use this formulation. Here is an effort has been made to review Padmak Agada in order to its pharmacological properties for its medicinal use

Pancha Shirishanama Agad - An Ethno-Ayurvedic Formulation for Insect Bite

Agad Tantra is one among the branches of Ayurveda that deals with sign, symptoms and management of poisoning resulting from the bites of animal origin (Jangam Visha) like snakes (Sarpa), insects (Keet), spiders (Loota), rodents (Mooshika) etc as well as various toxic combinations of plants(inanimate) and mineral (Dhatu) poisons. To neutralize the effect of Visha (poison), administration of different Vishaghna (anti-toxic) formulations has been mentioned in classical texts. Pancha Shirishanama Agad is an ethno-Ayurvedic formulation indicated to be useful in the treatment of all types of Keet Visha (insect bite poison) and their associated symptoms. Pancha Shirishanama Agad consists of five parts of Shirish (seed, root, stembark, flower and leaves), Trikatu (Shunthi, Maricha, Pippali), Pancha Lavana (Saindhav Lavana, Sauvarchal Lavana, Samudra Lavana, Vid Lavana, Audbhidha Lavana) and Madhu. Almost all the ingredients are having Vedana Sthapana (analgesic) and Shothaghna (anti-inflammatory) properties as Vedana (pain), Sopha (swelling), Kandu (itch) and Jwara (fever) are the primary symptoms of Keet Visha Damsha (insect bite poison). Through this paper, an attempt has been made to understand the properties of all the ingredients of Pancha Shirishanama Agad in detail

Contemporary and Ancient Review of Mosquitoes - A Review

Indian system of medicine plays an important part in health care system all over India. There are numerous allusions to mosquitoes in Indian writings from the Vedic era. The Atharvaveda makes special reference of mosquito shape, habitat, many varieties, behaviour, and even their presence throughout the year. The 67 different forms of Keet and their genesis were documented by Acharya Susruta in Kalpasthana, while Keet Visha describes five different types of Mashak in which Parvatiya Mashak is the most hazardous to people. There is also Mashak description In Charaka Samhita of chapter Visha Chikitsa. Numerous mosquito species have been identified in contemporary science. Mosquitoes are the most important group of blood sucking insects causing nuisance diseases to humans and other animals.  It follows that our ancestors' seers or philosophers were already aware of this