From Graphs to Keyed Quantum Hash Functions

We present two new constructions of quantum hash functions: the first based on expander graphs and the second based on extractor functions and estimate the amount of randomness that is needed to construct them. We also propose a keyed quantum hash function based on extractor function that can be used in quantum message authentication codes and assess its security in a limited attacker model

Contract Farming System: A Tool to Tranforming Rural Society in Sabah.

Recent decades have seen major change in agricultural technologies as a consequence to various programs for an agricultural development in rural areas of Sabah. Villagers in Sabah have always been receptive to new agricultural technologies that promises to improve their standard of living and as a reflection from the promotion of new agricultural technologies, many peoples in rural areas in Sabah now working with a mix of traditional and modern technologies. Along with the adoption of modern technologies, there has been a rapid transformation to cash economy among rural areas in Sabah (Marten, 1990). However, most villagers in Sabah are still produce almost entirely for home consumption, although the other economic activity of rural peoples in Sabah is small-enterprises as well as “kedai kampung” or rural shop that is registered under the local registration authority. This means, meeting basic household food needs is still the priority of most farmers in Sabah. Most also produced as much as surplus as possible to meet cash needs generated by expanding public education, rural electrification, modern communication (e.g. Radio and Television), and modern transport. It confirmed that most rural societies in Sabah still run their subsistence agricultural economy as compared to cash economy, which generally in farm activities, men do the major task and the women do the very minor task. Alongside with the fact that in this post-modern world most rural society in Sabah involved in agricultural economy, rural population especially among youth has declined. This means that human force for agricultural sector is declined as well. Rural population in Sabah was declining due to migration of younger-age groups. Outward migration among them was caused by the economic purposes such as to find non-agricultural financial resources (work in government sector either in the white or blue collar works). As according to Bryden (2000) villagers often migrated because the trend in agricultural income that is reported as lower than income from other economic activities. Some of them were migrated to the urban areas when they employed as the non-government professional executive level and further their education. Some other (female) moved to follow husband. In short, they were migrated because of work-related reason and to get social fulfillment in the form of further education, social amenities and the family reason. This phenomenon in the future, out migration of youth will leave the youngsters and old folks to maintain the village and at the end, population of rural areas in Sabah will be increasingly independent. Village-base economy especially agricultural production will suffer when the active youth have left for the town. In the other hand, rural poverty profile that is currently high will be increased. Hence, commercialization of agricultural sectors in rural areas assumed as the best resolution to improve villager’s standard of living that is bring about transformation of rural agrarian society from the traditional society to modern agrarian society through contract farming system.Contract Farming System, Rural Society

Design of reinforced concrete beams with web openings

The provision of transverse openings in floor beams to facilitate the passage of utility pipes and service ducts results not only in a more systematic layout of pipes and ducts, it also translates into substantial economic savings in the construction of a multi-storey building. To investigate the problem of openings in beams, the author initiated a research program in the early 1980s. Since then extensive research has been carried out giving a comprehensive coverage on both circular and large rectangular openings under various combinations of bending, shear and torsion. In this paper, major findings relevant to the analysis and design of such beams under the most commonly encountered loading case of bending and shear are extracted and summarized. An attempt has been made to answer the frequently asked questions related to creating an opening in an already constructed beam and how to deal with multiple openings. It has been shown that the design method for beams with large openings can be further simplified without sacrificing rationality and having unreasonable additional cost

Do Oligopolists Pollute Less? Evidence from a Restructured Electricity Market

Electricity restructuring has created the opportunity for producers to exercise market power. Oligopolists increase price by distorting output decisions, causing cross-firm production inefficiencies. This study estimates the environmental implications of production inefficiencies attributed to market power in the Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland electricity market. Air pollution fell substantially during 1999, the year in which both electricity restructuring and new environmental regulation took effect. I find that strategic firms reduced their emissions by approximately 20% relative to other firms and their own historic emissions. Next, I compare observed behavior with estimates of production, and therefore emissions, in a competitive market. According to a model of competitive behavior, changing costs explain approximately two-thirds of the observed pollution reductions. The remaining third can be attributed to firms exercising market power.

Evaluasi Kebijakan Retribusi Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (Imb) Di Kabupaten Mamuju Utara

The objective of this study is to evalute the extent of policy effectiveness retribution building permits (IMB) in Mamuju utara regency. Data Collection was done by using observation and in-depth interviews, while the technique of data analysis include data reduction, display the data and draw conclusions and verification using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed the retribution policy performance of building permits (IMB) in Mamuju utara regency has not two aspects of evaluation criteria is performing well or which, in common criteria and the criteria accuary. While the four aspects of evaluation criteria is not maximized performance criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, Adequacy, and responsiveness. From local regulation number 27 of 2011 concering the retribution of building permits due to lack of. Socialization to the people who made the implementor. lack of supervision and weak enforecement of sanctions for people who violate the provisions of the policy of building permit retribution

Pemilihan Bibit Unggul dalam Pelatihan Olahraga

Pemilihan bibit unggul pada usia dini mempunyai nilaistrategis untuk menciptakan "atlet eHtll di masa yang akandatang. Prestasi tinggi membutuhka,n latihan intensif selamabertahun-tahun, fasili!as dan peralatan olahraga relatiflengkap, kondisi ikHm memadai, pola hidup rasional danmelibatkan beberapa ilmuwan olahraga.Proses pemiliha~ bibit unggul. monitoring dan evaluasiprogram latihan. memerlukan keterpaduan dan kerja sarnaantara ilmuwan olahraga dan pelatih.Metode dan kriteria pemilihan bibit unggul ditentukanatas pertimbangan ilmiah sehingga optimalisasi prestasi berlangsungsistematis. efisien dan produktif.Tahap pemilihan disusun secara hierarkis-strukturaldengan mempertimbangakan aspek pertumbuhan dan perkembanga,n manusia secara holistik

Faktor-Faktor Berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Konsumen Memilih Mobil Mitsubishi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor product, price, promotion, place, power, dan public relation terhadap keputusan konsumen dalam memilih mobil mitsubishi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh konsumen mobil mitsubishi di Wilayah Papua. teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik non probability sampling dengan jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebesar 150 sampel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel product (X1), price (X2), promotion (X3), place (X4), power (X5), dan public relation (X6) akan meningkatkan keputusan konsumen memilih mobil mitsubshi (Y) di Papua, sebagaimana dapat dilihat pada Tabel 5.8, menghasilkan nilai koefisien determinasi (R Squared = R2) = 0,375. Hasil analisis regresi linaer barganda diperoleh variabel product (X1), price (X2), promotion (X3), place (X4), power (X5), dan public relation (X6) baik simultan (bersama-sama) maupun secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan konsumen memilih mobil mitsubishi di Papua