Fecal Calprotectin Excretion in Preterm Infants during the Neonatal Period

Fecal calprotectin has been proposed as a non-invasive marker of intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease in adults and children. Fecal calprotectin levels have been reported to be much higher in both healthy full-term and preterm infants than in children and adults.To determine the time course of fecal calprotectin (f-calprotectin) excretion in preterm infants from birth until hospital discharge and to identify factors influencing f-calprotectin levels in the first weeks of life, including bacterial establishment in the gut.F-calprotectin was determined using an ELISA assay in 147 samples obtained prospectively from 47 preterm infants (gestational age, and birth-weight interquartiles 27–29 weeks, and 880–1320 g, respectively) at birth, and at 2-week intervals until hospital discharge. (p = 0.047).During the first weeks of life, the high f-calprotectin values observed in preterm infants could be linked to the gut bacterial establishment

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with critical influenza pneumonia

In an international cohort of 279 patients with hypoxemic influenza pneumonia, we identified 13 patients (4.6%) with autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-alpha and/or -omega, which were previously reported to underlie 15% cases of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia and one third of severe adverse reactions to live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine. Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) can underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia and yellow fever vaccine disease. We report here on 13 patients harboring autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 alone (five patients) or with IFN-omega (eight patients) from a cohort of 279 patients (4.7%) aged 6-73 yr with critical influenza pneumonia. Nine and four patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-alpha 2, and six and two patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-omega. The patients' autoantibodies increased influenza A virus replication in both A549 cells and reconstituted human airway epithelia. The prevalence of these antibodies was significantly higher than that in the general population for patients 70 yr of age (3.1 vs. 4.4%, P = 0.68). The risk of critical influenza was highest in patients with antibodies neutralizing high concentrations of both IFN-alpha 2 and IFN-omega (OR = 11.7, P = 1.3 x 10(-5)), especially those <70 yr old (OR = 139.9, P = 3.1 x 10(-10)). We also identified 10 patients in additional influenza patient cohorts. Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs account for similar to 5% of cases of life-threatening influenza pneumonia in patients <70 yr old

Etude sur la prise en charge de la douleur de l'enfant aux urgences d'un hôpital général (site Poissy)

Centre Technique Livre Ens. Sup. (774682301) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Zinc Balances in Preterm Infants

Zinc balances were studied in three groups of preterm babies. The first group received bank human milk of 25% concentration, the second group bank human milk enriched with 1 g/100 ml of lactalbumin hydrolysate, and the third group an industrial formula in which 40% of the fats were replaced with medium chain triglycerides (MCT). Zn intakes (μg/kg/day) were, respectively, 796 ± 136 (group 1), 689 ± 231 (group 2), and 252 ± 67 (group 3). In all 3 groups, fecal Zn excretion was very high: range; 6,862–635 μg/kg/day (group 1), 3,022–194 μg/kg/day (group 2), and 304–27 μg/kg/day (group 3), respectively. Zn retentions were mostly negative for groups 1 and 2 (7/8 and 18/23, respectively), and mostly positive (12/14), for group 3. Zn absorption was found to be related to fecal fat (p &lt; 0.001) in all groups, and in group 1 and 2 to fecal N (p &lt; 0.001) and Zn intake (p &lt; 0.02). Positive zinc balances were obtained when fat and nitrogen absorption exceeded 90%. This was achieved at 280 days of postmenstrual age in preterm babies fed bank human milk, but much sooner in preterm babies fed with MCT.</jats:p