Manners and bodies: color/race, gender, sexuality and youthful sociability in the historic downtown of São Paulo

Neste texto discutimos resultados de partes da pesquisa realizada em São Paulo entre 2006 e 2008, dentro do projeto mais amplo, "Relations among 'race', sexuality and gender in different local and national contexts". Comparamos espaços de sociabilidade juvenil reconhecidos como homo e heterossexuais na região do centro histórico da cidade, tendo por fio condutor os modos como marcadores de diferença referidos a cor/raça, classe, gênero e sexualidade operam para classificar frequentadores, numa lógica de produção de sujeitos desejáveis (ou não) e de preferências de parcerias afetivo-sexuais; assim como para ordenar padrões de interação Refletimos sobre os modos e condições em que essas diferenças - que informam e constroem representações de hierarquia e discriminação - são agenciadas por determinados sujeitos em campos específicos de relações, tendo em vista suas trajetórias sociais.In this article, we discuss the results of ethnographic research undertaken in areas with concentrated recreational venues frequented by diverse youth groups (homo- and heterosexual) in the Historic Downtown of São Paulo. This material is part of the larger "Relationships between race, gender and sexuality in different national and local contexts" research initiative. We consider how markers of difference associated with color/race, class, gender and sexuality operate not only to classify the young men and women who engage in erotic sociability in the places we investigated - producing (un)desirable subjects and indicating affective-sexual preferences - but also work to order patterns of social interaction. We reflect on what ways and under what conditions differences (which can, of course, inform and construct hierarchical and discriminatory relationships) are employed by certain subjects in specific relational fields, given certain social trajectories

Crescimento econômico e liquidez externa no Brasil após 1970

This paper assesses the relationship between the capital account and the Brazilianeconomic growth according to balance-of-payments constraint approach. The Thirlwall(1979)´s simple rule is extended to take into consideration capital account and severalempirical evidence using time series analysis are shown. Conversely to the simple rulewhen fitted rates of balance-of-payment equilibrium economic growth average bellowthe observed ones, fitted rates of growth using the rule extended to internationalliquidity are consistently greater than the observed ones. It is fair to conclude that, first,the Brazilian economy grows better during abundant international liquidity and, second,the economy sub utilizes such advantage growing far less than it could grow.

Crescimento econômico secular no Brasil, modelo de thirlwall e termos de troca

Explaining the Brazilian economic growth performance during the 20th is achallenging task to academics. As shown, Brazil had already experienced faster growthand recently it is far from such belle époque. Most explanation lies on conventionalframeworks. This paper assesses the Thirlwall’s balance-of-payments constraint modelto Brazilian economic growth in the period 1900-2005, highlighting the importance ofthe terms of trade. The results show, first, that the terms of trade are significant in theestimation of import demand function and change the income elasticity, especially inthe first period of the sample (1900-1970), and, second, when the simplest Thirlwall’smodel is controlled by terms of trade, it seems that such variable is important throughexport growth, which cause changes in economic performance.

Tomographic imaging of ionospheric plasma bubbles based on GNSS and radio occultation measurements

Total electron content measurements given by the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) have successfully presented results to capture the signatures of equatorial plasma bubbles. In contrast, the correct reproduction of plasma depletions at electron density level is still a relevant challenge for ionospheric tomographic imaging. In this regard, this work shows the first results of a new tomographic reconstruction technique based on GNSS and radio-occultation data to map the vertical and horizontal distributions of ionospheric plasma bubbles in one of the most challenging conditions of the equatorial region. Twenty-three days from 2013 and 2014 with clear evidence of plasma bubble structures propagating through the Brazilian region were analyzed and compared with simultaneous observations of all-sky images in the 630.0 nm emission line of the atomic oxygen. The mean rate of success of the tomographic method was 37.1%, being more efficient near the magnetic equator, where the dimensions of the structures are larger. Despite some shortcomings of the reconstruction technique, mainly associated with ionospheric scintillations and the weak geometry of the ground-based GNSS receivers, both vertical and horizontal distributions were mapped over more than 30° in latitude, and have been detected in instances where the meteorological conditions disrupted the possibility of analyzing the OI 630 nm emissions. Therefore, the results revealed the proposed tomographic reconstruction as an efficient tool for mapping characteristics of the plasma bubble structures, which may have a special interest in Space Weather, Spatial Geodesy, and Telecommunications.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Identification and analysis of seven effector protein families with different adaptive and evolutionary histories in plant-associated members of the Xanthomonadaceae.

The Xanthomonadaceae family consists of species of non-pathogenic and pathogenic γ-proteobacteria that infect different hosts, including humans and plants. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis using 69 fully sequenced genomes belonging to this family, with a focus on identifying proteins enriched in phytopathogens that could explain the lifestyle and the ability to infect plants. Using a computational approach, we identified seven phytopathogen-enriched protein families putatively secreted by type II secretory system: PheA (CM-sec), LipA/LesA, VirK, and four families involved in N-glycan degradation, NixE, NixF, NixL, and FucA1. In silico and phylogenetic analyses of these protein families revealed they all have orthologs in other phytopathogenic or symbiotic bacteria, and are involved in the modulation and evasion of the immune system. As a proof of concept, we performed a biochemical characterization of LipA from Xac306 and verified that the mutant strain lost most of its lipase and esterase activities and displayed reduced virulence in citrus. Since this study includes closely related organisms with distinct lifestyles and highlights proteins directly related to adaptation inside plant tissues, novel approaches might use these proteins as biotechnological targets for disease control, and contribute to our understanding of the coevolution of plant-associated bacteria

Percepção ambiental sobre mudanças climáticas em comunidades costeiras na Amazônia, ameaças ao bem-estar e sobrevivência local: um estudo na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure, Pará, Brasil

Climate change, a global phenomenon with serious consequences for ecosystems, is affecting nature and the human populations that live in it and depend on its goods and services on a large scale, and coastal areas, being more exposed to the effects of this phenomenon, have been affected to an unprecedented extent. The reduction in the services provided by these areas has a direct impact on the way of life of the human populations living there, who have established a relationship of dependence on nature and its resources. The Marine Extractive Reserve of Soure, located on the coast of the Eastern Amazon, is characterized by the fact that it encompasses an area composed of three traditional communities whose way of life is based on a sustainable and subsistence relationship with nature. Despite its location in a protected area and its sustainable practices, the effects of climate change may pose serious threats. In this context, this work, which is characterized as interdisciplinary research, raised perceptions about climate change and sought to understand, in the light of these perceptions, how residents associate changes in the flow of goods and services from coastal ecosystems with this phenomenon. The raised perceptions reveal the high level of agreement for the occurrence of climate change. Although the communities demonstrate sustainable practices in resource use and management, the perceptions indicate that the global impacts of climate change can be felt at the local level and affect the provision of natural resources. High perceptions are shaped by age, length of residence, and degree of dependence on the goods and services of the coastal ecosystem, indicating that people who are older, live longer in one of the communities, and consequently have greater dependence on the resources, are the ones with the highest perceptions. These variables, which explain the high perceptions found, reinforce that the construction of these perceptions is based on traditional knowledge, which is the result of an intense relationship with nature and its resources, safeguarding the history, culture and identity of local peoples.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorAs mudanças climáticas, fenômeno global que tem produzido sérias consequências aos ecossistemas, vêm afetando em larga escala a natureza e as populações humanas que vivem e dependem dos seus bens e serviços, e as áreas costeiras por estarem mais expostas os efeitos desse fenômeno vêm sendo impactadas a taxas sem precedentes. A diminuição nos benefícios prestados por essas áreas afeta diretamente o modo de vida das populações humanas ali estabelecidas, as quais construíram uma relação de dependência com a natureza e seus recursos. A Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure, localizada na costa da Amazônia Oriental, caracterizase por compreender uma área composta por três comunidades tradicionais que apresentam um modo de vida pautado na relação sustentável e de subsistência com a natureza. Apesar de inseridas em uma Unidade de Conservação e apresentarem práticas sustentáveis, os efeitos das mudanças climáticas podem figurar sérias ameaças. Neste contexto, este trabalho, que se caracteriza como uma pesquisa interdisciplinar, levantou percepções sobre as mudanças climáticas e buscou compreender à luz dessas percepções, como os moradores associam alterações no fluxo de bens e serviços ecossistêmicos costeiros a este fenômeno. As percepções levantas revelam o alto nível de concordância para a ocorrência das mudanças climáticas. Embora as comunidades apresentem práticas sustentáveis de uso e manejo com dos recursos, as percepções apontam que os efeitos globais das mudanças climáticas podem ser sentidos em escala local, afetando a provisão dos recursos da natureza. As percepções são moldadas, pela idade, tempo de residência e pelo grau de dependência dos bens e serviços do ecossistema costeiro, resultando que as pessoas com a idade mais avançada, residentes a mais tempos nas comunidades, com maior dependência dos recursos, são as que apresentam as maiores percepções. Essas variáveis que explicam os níveis de percepções encontrados, reforçam que sua construção possui base nos saberes tradicionais, os quais são fruto da intensa relação da natureza e seus recursos, resguardando a história, a cultura e identidade dos povos locais

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METHODS FOR CALCULATING IONOSPHERIC POINTS AND DESCRIBING THE GNSS SIGNAL PATH

Many efforts have been done in the last decades to improve the formulation of ionospheric models based on data derived from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Despite significant improvements in estimating the electron content of the GNSS signal path, little attention has been given to the geometric precision of ionospheric points that describe the signal path. In this work, we show a pioneer comparison about the geometric quality of the ionospheric points using distinct methods. Such analysis was carried out by calculating the GNSS signal path through three methods: a well-known geometric formulation; a new method based on linear approximations; and the used by NeQuick and recommended by the International Telecommunication Union, which was used as reference. As a result, we verified that the mean error of the well-known formulation was about 0.7 km and for the new method was at the level of 10-11 km. Also, the proposed method has the advantage to enable the calculation of ionospheric points for GNSS signals with negative elevation angles. Once negative elevation angles derived from Radio-Occultation techniques are definitively important to improve the geometrical coverage of ionospheric modeling, the proposed technique can be useful in the development of ionospheric modeling processes

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO