Oxidative stability and fatty acid profile of Refined Echium (Echium plantagineum) Oil

The refined Echium oil could be a new option of vegetable oil to be added in manufacture products, that’s contents not only alpha-linolenic (ALA) ω3 fatty acid but also the stearidonic (SDA) ω3 fatty acid. However, this highly unsaturated fatty acids profile could lead to a limited shelf life due to lipid oxidation. In this context, this research aimed to analyze the oxidative stability (peroxide index and Rancimat method) and fatty acid profile of Refined Echium oil. The value of peroxide index found (0.242 meq/kg) was lower than that established by Brazilian legislation (less than 10 meq/kg) and the accelerated oxidation through Rancimat (8.79 hours) showed high value. The oil presented high value of total PUFAS (65%) containing, approximately, 40% of ω3 (28% of ALA and 12% of SDA). The results indicated that this Refined Echium Oil have a good stability oxidative and a great lipid profile, so a good alternative oil

Une comparaison entre l’utilisation des troupes africaines par la France et l’Allemagne pendant la Première Guerre mondiale

Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, les puissances occidentales étaient obligées d’utiliser toutes leurs ressources afin de vaincre. Dans les colonies allemandes, les troupes coloniales, la Schutztruppe, la plupart étant des Africains noirs, avaient la responsabilité de défendre les colonies contre tout envahisseur. Pour sa part, la France craignait, depuis la fin de la guerre franco-allemande, l’écart démographique vis-à-vis de l’Allemagne. Elle a finalement pris la décision de renforcer ses troupes par des soldats africains, les Tirailleurs sénégalais étant les plus nombreux. Ce mémoire vise à analyser et à comparer le recrutement et le déploiement dans les deux cas, particulièrement l’idéologie qui soutenait ce recrutement, les relations entre Africains et Européens pendant la guerre, la contribution des Africains à l’effort de guerre, ainsi que les conséquences de la visibilité accrue des Africains dans la société européenne. En général, nous pouvons remarquer d’importantes ressemblances entre les deux cas, en particulier le fait que l’utilisation de troupes coloniales a eu pour fonction de justifier leurs politiques coloniales et de condamner celles de leur adversaire.During World War I, the Western powers were forced to deploy every resource available to prevail. In the German colonies, the defence was conducted by the Schutztruppe, the protectorate forces composed mainly by black Africans. France, for her part, feared the demographic imbalance with Germany and so decided to reinforce her forces with African troops, the Tirailleurs Sénégalais being the most numerous. The present thesis aims to analyze and compare the recruitment and deployment of both countries, particularly the ideology that buttressed each case, the relations between Africans and Europeans during the war, the contribution of Africans to the war effort, as well as the implications of the increased visibility of Africans in European society. Overall, it is possible to observe remarkable similarities between France and Germany, particularly the fact that their utilization of colonial troops served to justify their own colonial policies and to demonize the opponent’s

Mortadela elaborada com cms de galinhas poedeiras pré-misturada com antioxidantes

At the end of the laying cycle, layer hens can be used for production of mechanically separated meat (MSML) for sausage manufacture. However, mechanically separated meats are susceptible to lipid and pigment oxidation during storage, problems that could be prevented by the use of antioxidants present in curing additives traditionally used in meat processing. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality and stability of Mortadella produced with MSML added of sodium erythorbate (1000 ppm) and sodium nitrite (150 ppm) through preblending or during chopper processing (control treatment), after long term frozen storage of raw meat ingredient. The products were stored for 40 days at 7ºC and evaluated in regard to the oxidative stability of lipids (TBARS values), objective color, and microbiological and sensory attributes. Preblending MSML lessened rancidity of the final product in comparison to the control (0.2 and 2.2 mg malonaldehyde per kg, respectively), and elicited better color (a* = 7.5 and 10.5, respectively). Total counts of psychrotrophic microorganisms were similar for both treatments (2 log CFU g-1). Previous blending of nitrite (150 ppm) and erythorbate (1000 ppm) in mechanically separated meat soon after the extraction is recommended when the raw material will eventually go through prolonged frozen storage before its use in Mortadella sausage processing.Uma das formas de utilização das galinhas poedeiras ao final do ciclo de postura é a obtenção de carne mecanicamente separada (MSML) para a elaboração de embutidos. Entretanto, carnes mecanicamente separadas apresentam alta susceptibilidade à oxidação lipídica e dos pigmentos. O uso de antioxidantes tradicionalmente utilizados na cura de carne para incorporação prévia à matéria prima poderia evitar estes problemas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade e a estabilidade de mortadelas elaboradas com MSML com adição de eritorbato (1000 ppm) e nitrito (150 ppm), como pré-cura antes da estocagem congelada, ou durante o processamento no homogeneizador (cutter) de bacia rotativa (controle). Os embutidos foram avaliados durante 40 dias (7ºC) quanto à estabilidade oxidativa dos lipídios (índice de TBARS) e da cor objetiva, assim como a estabilidade microbiológica e sensorial. A pré-cura da MSML garantiu um produto final com menor rancidez quando comparado com o controle (0,2 e 2,2 mg malonaldeído/kg, respectivamente) e melhor coloração (valores de a* entre 7,5 e 10,5, respectivamente) ao longo de todo o tempo de estocagem. As contagens totais de microrganismos psicrotróficos não diferiram entre os tratamentos (2 log UFC g-1). A mistura prévia de nitrito (150 ppm) e eritorbato (1000 ppm) em carne mecanicamente separada que possa vir a sofrer estocagem congelada prolongada antes de ser utilizada na elaboração de embutidos é recomendável.240245Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Carne mecanicamente separada de galinhas poedeiras e matrizes pesadas de descarte

There are aproximately 90 millions of hens housed in Brazil, that concluding their production cycle, become available for slaughter. The poultry industry has economical interest in the use of spent hen meat through adequate processes. This review evaluates the quality of mechanically separated spent hen meat by chemical and functional characteristics, such as proximate composition, colagen, cholesterol, bones, calcium and iron contents, fatty acid profile, pH and emulsifying capacity, and as raw material for sausage production. The mechanical separation of meat migth be a good alternative use for spent hen carcasses.O Brasil dispõe de aproximadamente 90 milhões de galinhas poedeiras e matrizes pesadas de corte comerciais alojadas, que tornam-se disponíveis para abate ao final do ciclo de postura. Uma melhor utilização da carne de galinhas de descarte, através de processamentos adequados, interessa economicamente para a indústria avícola. Esta revisão avaliou a qualidade da carne mecanicamente separada de galinhas, através de características químicas, nutricionais e de funcionalidade tais como composição centesimal, teores de colágeno, colesterol, ossos, cálcio e ferro, perfil de ácidos graxos, valor de pH ecapacidade de emulsificação, como matéria-prima para a fabricação de embutidos. A separação mecânica da carne pode representar uma boa alternativa para utilização das carcaças destas aves

Mortadela elaborada com cms de galinhas poedeiras pré-misturada com antioxidantes

At the end of the laying cycle, layer hens can be used for production of mechanically separated meat (MSML) for sausage manufacture. However, mechanically separated meats are susceptible to lipid and pigment oxidation during storage, problems that could be prevented by the use of antioxidants present in curing additives traditionally used in meat processing. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality and stability of Mortadella produced with MSML added of sodium erythorbate (1000 ppm) and sodium nitrite (150 ppm) through preblending or during chopper processing (control treatment), after long term frozen storage of raw meat ingredient. The products were stored for 40 days at 7ºC and evaluated in regard to the oxidative stability of lipids (TBARS values), objective color, and microbiological and sensory attributes. Preblending MSML lessened rancidity of the final product in comparison to the control (0.2 and 2.2 mg malonaldehyde per kg, respectively), and elicited better color (a* = 7.5 and 10.5, respectively). Total counts of psychrotrophic microorganisms were similar for both treatments (2 log CFU g-1). Previous blending of nitrite (150 ppm) and erythorbate (1000 ppm) in mechanically separated meat soon after the extraction is recommended when the raw material will eventually go through prolonged frozen storage before its use in Mortadella sausage processing.Uma das formas de utilização das galinhas poedeiras ao final do ciclo de postura é a obtenção de carne mecanicamente separada (MSML) para a elaboração de embutidos. Entretanto, carnes mecanicamente separadas apresentam alta susceptibilidade à oxidação lipídica e dos pigmentos. O uso de antioxidantes tradicionalmente utilizados na cura de carne para incorporação prévia à matéria prima poderia evitar estes problemas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade e a estabilidade de mortadelas elaboradas com MSML com adição de eritorbato (1000 ppm) e nitrito (150 ppm), como pré-cura antes da estocagem congelada, ou durante o processamento no homogeneizador (cutter) de bacia rotativa (controle). Os embutidos foram avaliados durante 40 dias (7ºC) quanto à estabilidade oxidativa dos lipídios (índice de TBARS) e da cor objetiva, assim como a estabilidade microbiológica e sensorial. A pré-cura da MSML garantiu um produto final com menor rancidez quando comparado com o controle (0,2 e 2,2 mg malonaldeído/kg, respectivamente) e melhor coloração (valores de a* entre 7,5 e 10,5, respectivamente) ao longo de todo o tempo de estocagem. As contagens totais de microrganismos psicrotróficos não diferiram entre os tratamentos (2 log UFC g-1). A mistura prévia de nitrito (150 ppm) e eritorbato (1000 ppm) em carne mecanicamente separada que possa vir a sofrer estocagem congelada prolongada antes de ser utilizada na elaboração de embutidos é recomendável

Reporting an experience : recovering and recording residues of teaching laboratories of Chemical Institute of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.

An experience aiming to promote a residue interchange and recovery between the teaching laboratories of the Chemistry Institute of this University is described. At the present, several residues interchange have already appeared as advantageous. To make the work easier, a software has been developed in order to keep a record of all the residues generated by the teaching laboratories. Standard labels have been developed for the residues in order to organize them. The software and the label design are described

Discurso Biomédico e Intersexualidade: Apontamentos sobre a patologização de corpos inconformes

Since the consolidation of sexual dimorphism as an ontological truth about gender binarism in biomedical discourse, bodies that, at the time of their birth, do not fit into such discursive standards of normality - which enunciates female or male bodies with a series of specificities - are treated as diseased and included in the diagnostic category of disorders of sex development, a term popularly known as intersexuality. Although several interventions are recommended for the treatment of such “disorders”, of a hormonal, surgical or prosthetic nature, the genitals or other sexualized organs are not diseased in themselves, posing no risk to the life of the intersex patient, other than being stigmatized. as abnormal and having his/her existence rendered impossible. Thus, interventions to readjust these bodies to a binary gender intelligibility are not carried out of the need to treat a pathology, but in order to prevent the existence of bodies that do not fit into what is enunciated as normal. Therefore, starting from a bibliographic review of the hegemonic biomedical discourse, productions about the history of sexuality and counter-discursive productions within the field of biomedicine, articulating such notions to queer theory, the present work analyzes the enunciations that treat intersexuality as a pathological condition, revealing them as necrobiopolitically constructed and bringing notes for an unconditional medical hospitality.Desde a consolidação do dimorfismo sexual como uma verdade ontológica acerca do binarismo de gênero no discurso biomédico, corpos que, no momento de seu nascimento não se encaixem no padrão consolidado como normal – que enuncia corpos femininos ou masculinos com uma série de especificidades – são tratados como doentes e encaixados na categoria diagnóstica de anomalia de desenvolvimento sexual, termo popularmente conhecido como intersexualidade. Embora para o tratamento de tal “anomalia” seja recomendada, diversas intervenções de ordem hormonal, cirúrgica ou prostética, os genitais ou outros órgãos sexualizados não são doentes em si, não oferecendo qualquer risco à vida do paciente intersexo, que não o de ser estigmatizado como anormal e ter sua existência impossibilitada. Assim, as intervenções para readequação destes corpos a uma inteligibilidade de gênero binária não são levadas a cabo pela necessidade de tratar uma patologia, mas para impedir a existência de corpos que não se encaixem naquilo que é enunciado como normal. Desta feita, o presente trabalho tem como escopo a análise dos enunciados biomédicos que tratam a intersexualidade como patologia, de modo a enfatizar seu caráter tecno-necrobiopolítico e fazendo apontamentos prescritivos para uma hospitalidade biomédica incondicional. Para tal, utiliza-se a revisão bibliográfica do discurso biomédico sobre as questões de intersexualidade, de produções acerca da história da sexualidade e do binarismo sexual na sociedade ocidental e de produções contradiscursivas dentro do campo da biomedicina, articulando tais noções à teoria queer

Changes in the current patterns of beef consumption and consumer behavior trends—cross-cultural study brazil-spain-turkey

This cross-cultural study aimed to determine the main factors behind potential changes in eating habits by analyzing changes in the patterns of beef consumption currently observed in Brazil, Spain, and Turkey. To achieve this aim, 412 regular beef consumers from Brazil, 407 from Spain, and 424 from Turkey answered a self-administered questionnaire. The study surveyed the effects of economic factors, switching from beef to other sources of protein, aspects of credence, health-related concerns, the influence of lifestyle on beef consumption patterns, and purchasing decision factors. The most important factors that changed consumer behavior and resulted in a decrease in consumption, mostly among Brazilian and Turkish consumers, were the economics and accessibility of the products. Beef was replaced by other alternative sources of protein that were likewise derived from animals. The consumers whose purchasing intentions were most significantly influenced by credence factors (e.g., indiscriminate use of agricultural products, substandard animal welfare requirements, among others) were Brazilian and Turkish and, to a lesser degree, Spanish consumers. Lifestyle factors (e.g., consumption of out-of-home meals, available time to cook, among others) were demonstrated to alter consumption patterns and therefore must be carefully considered by the industry, taking into account cultural differences and consumer needs. The population under investigation considered that eating beef had no impact on their health

Integration of III-V light sources on a silicon photonics circuits by transfer printing

We report on the integration by transfer printing of III-V Fabry-Perot cavities on a silicon photonic circuit. We pre-process the III-V coupons on their native substrate, transfer print onto the target SOI, and post-process the printed coupons. We report light coupling into the photonic circuit