Techno-economic Analysis of MEA CO2Capture from a Cement Kiln - Impact of Steam Supply Scenario

This paper present the techno-economic assessment of an MEA-based CO2capture from a cement plant and the importance of the steam supply on the costs. The evaluations present the energy performances of the CO2capture process based on a cement plant with a clinker capacity of 3,000 t/d. The cost evaluation lead to a cost of cement of 45 â¬/tcementwithout capture, while the cost of cement with CO2capture is estimated to 81 â¬/tcement, resulting in a CO2avoided cost of 83 â¬/tCO2,avoided. As the steam consumption accounts for close to half of the CO2avoided cost, the impact of six alternative steam supply scenarios are considered. The evaluations show that the CO2avoided cost can decrease by up to 35% depending on the steam supply and electricity price. However the possibility of these steam supply alternatives are specific to the considered cement plant, emphasizing therefore that CO2avoided cost from cement shall rather be given as a range depending on the steam supply than as a unique value as often illustrated in the literature

Large-scale production and transport of hydrogen from Norway to Europe and Japan: Value chain analysis and comparison of liquid hydrogen and ammonia as energy carriers

Low-carbon hydrogen is considered as one of the key measures to decarbonise continental Europe and Japan. Northern Norway has abundant renewable energy and natural gas resources which can be converted to low-carbon hydrogen. However, Norway is located relatively far away from these markets and finding efficient ways to transport this hydrogen to the end-user is critical. In this study, liquefied hydrogen (LH2) and ammonia (NH3), as H2-based energy carriers, are analysed and compared with respect to energy efficiency, CO2 footprint and cost. It is shown that the LH2 chain is more energy efficient and has a smaller CO2 footprint (20 and 23 kg-CO2/MWhth for Europe and Japan, respectively) than the NH3 chain (76 and 122 kg-CO2/MWhth). Furthermore, the study finds the levelized cost of hydrogen delivered to Rotterdam to be lower for LH2 (5.0 EUR/kg-H2) compared to NH3 (5.9 EUR/kg-H2), while the hydrogen costs of the two chains for transport to Japan are in a similar range (about 7 EUR/kg-H2). It is also shown that under optimistic assumptions, the costs associated with the LH2 chain (3.2 EUR/kg-H2) are close to meeting the 2030 hydrogen cost target of Japan (2.5 EUR/kg-H2). Keywords Techno-economic analysisLiquid hydrogenAmmoniaLong distance transportacceptedVersio

Heat integration and heat exchanger network design for oxyfuel cement plants

The cement sector needs to reduce its CO2 emissions. An oxyfuel CO2 capture technology allows to considerably reduce the emission. However, heat recovery and energy efficiency measures are essential to make the technology economically feasible. An approach to design heat exchanger networks applied to a 1st generation oxyfuel cement plant is described in this article. The approach consists of two steps: preliminary targeting and heat exchanger network design. For the studied cement plant, the steam Rankine cycle was identified to be superior to organic Rankine cycles. In the ideal case about 10.5 MW of power can be recovered. However, in a cost-efficient simple heat exchanger network recovery of only about 8.7 MW is economically reasonableHeat integration and heat exchanger network design for oxyfuel cement plantsacceptedVersio

Low carbon power generation for offshore oil and gas production

Emission reductions in power generation for offshore oil and gas activities are key in order to reach climate targets in regions with this industry. This study presents a review of both established and immature low carbon power generation concepts, an analysis of their potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, and an evaluation of their offshore applicability. The potential for GHG emission reduction is quantified by estimating CO2 equivalent intensity for implementation on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The offshore applicability is evaluated with emphasis on weight, infrastructure requirements, process heat availability, technical maturity, as well as health, safety, and environment (HSE). It is shown that power from shore is the only technically mature concept with potential for very high emission reductions (>95 %, provided that low GHG electric power is available). There are several alternative concepts under development that also can give significant emission reductions (>70 %), including fuel switching, CO2 capture and storage, and renewable power combined with energy storage. Combined cycle gas turbines and offshore wind power combined with gas turbines are technically mature and can achieve partial emission reductions (around 15–50 %, with the assumed system configurations). Other concepts offering partial emission reductions are under development, but do not show clear advantages over those already mentioned. It is pointed out that, to enable reaching the net zero emission targets, only efficiency improvements and power from shore are not enough, and there is a need to develop additional low emission technologies not yet on the market. The present study has compiled a large database of specifications for assessing low carbon power production concepts and proposes a methodology that is valuable in screening a large number of commercial and immature technologies.publishedVersio

Comparison of technologies for CO2 capture from cement production—Part 1: Technical evaluation

A technical evaluation of CO 2 capture technologies when retrofitted to a cement plant is performed. The investigated technologies are the oxyfuel process, the chilled ammonia process, membrane-assisted CO 2 liquefaction, and the calcium looping process with tail-end and integrated configurations. For comparison, absorption with monoethanolamine (MEA) is used as reference technology. The focus of the evaluation is on emission abatement, energy performance, and retrofitability. All the investigated technologies perform better than the reference both in terms of emission abatement and energy consumption. The equivalent CO 2 avoided are 73–90%, while it is 64% for MEA, considering the average EU-28 electricity mix. The specific primary energy consumption for CO 2 avoided is 1.63–4.07 MJ/kg CO 2 , compared to 7.08 MJ/kg CO 2 for MEA. The calcium looping technologies have the highest emission abatement potential, while the oxyfuel process has the best energy performance. When it comes to retrofitability, the post-combustion technologies show significant advantages compared to the oxyfuel and to the integrated calcium looping technologies. Furthermore, the performance of the individual technologies shows strong dependencies on site-specific and plant-specific factors. Therefore, rather than identifying one single best technology, it is emphasized that CO 2 capture in the cement industry should be performed with a portfolio of capture technologies, where the preferred choice for each specific plant depends on local factors