Survey of Phytochemical Diversity of Secondary Metabolism in Selected Wild Medicinal Plants

A phytochemical screening of alkaloids, triterpenes saponins and tannin was carried out the selected medicinal plant parts of leaf, barks, rhizome and fruit samples from 63 plant species representing 26 genera and 25 families. The positive results of phytochemical diversity of bioactive constituents were alkaloids (58.73%), terpenoids (92.06%), flavonoids (90.48%), saponins (50.79) and tannins (31.74%) present in total of sixty three plant species

Inter- Generic Relationship of Ocimum and Origanum Based on GC-MS Volatile Oils Data using Software NTSPSpc Version 2.0

To study of inter- generic relationships of Origanum vulgare L, Origanum applii (Domin) Borus, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum basilicum L essential oils peaks based on GC-MS methods. The result of the essential oils of Origanum vulgare L, Origanum applii (Domin) Borus, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum basilicum were constructed the phenogram formed in one cluster and two sub cluster. The inter- generic relationship of 26% formed in main clusters both genus of Origanum sp and Ocimum sp. The sub cluster I, Ocimum gratissimum L. and O. basilicum was very close relationship of 40% and 34% of sub cluster II Origanum vulgare L, and O. applii respectively

Origins of Plant Derived Medicines

This review article describes the origins of plant derived medicines that have been developed as a result of traditional knowledge being handed down from one generation to the next. Various industries are now searching into sources of alternative, more natural and environmentally friendly antimicrobials, antibiotics, diabetics, antioxidants and crop protection agents. Medicinal plants have provided a good source of a wide variety of compounds, such as phenolic compounds, nitrogen compounds, vitamins, terpenoids and some other secondary metabolites, which are rich in valuable bioactivities, e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimutagenic, anti-carcinogenic, antibacterial, or antiviral activities. Medicinal plants have become the main object of chemists, biochemist, and pharmaceutics. Their research plays an important role for discovering and developing new drugs that hopefully have more effectiveness and no side actions like most modern drugs

A Review on the Potential Uses of Ferns

Man has been using plants as a source of food, medicines and many other necessities of life since ancient times. Even to this day the primitive tribal societies that exist depend on the plant life in their surroundings. Though there were investigations of the edible economic values of the higher plants, especially the pteridophytes and angiosperms have been unfortunately ignored. The pteridophytes are used in Homoeopathic, Ayurvedic, Tribal and Unani medicines and provides food, insecticides and ornamentations

Phytochemical Survey of Orchids in the Tirunelveli Hills of South India

Phytochemical investigations of the orchid family were performed for alkaloid constituents, identification and inheritance of flower pigments in the species of ornamental value. Apart from the presence of chlorophyll in green flowered forms and carotenoids in some yellow flowers, anthocyanidins are predominated. The cyaniding, pelargonidin and petunidin, and complex mixture of their glycosides and acylated derivatives are often present in a single flower. In the present investigation of the preliminary phytochemical study of leaf flavanoids contents of Orchidiaceae family members in the Tirunelveli hills of South India were analyzed and surveyed

Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of \u3cem\u3eHopea utilis\u3c/em\u3e Fruits

Aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts of Hopea utilis screened for antibacterial and cytotoxic activities were studied. Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of H. utilis were more successful with the pathogens Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus aureus. The MICs values of ethanolic extract of Hopea utilis were active against Salmonella typhi (25 mg/ml), Salmonella typhi (25 mg/ml), and Staphylococcus aureus (36 mg/ml) respectively. The results of both extracts of aqueous and ethanolic of Hopea utilis showed the brine shrimp lethality assay LD50 values were 1.64 μg/ml and 1.34 μg/ml

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Methanolic Extract of \u3cem\u3eCinnamomum sulphuratum\u3c/em\u3e Barks

In the present study, anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of Cinnamomum sulphuratum bark was investigated in Albino rats for carrageenan induced rat hind paw oedema using in vivo experimental animal model. A 200 mg dose of extract inhibited 71.43% of the carrageenan-induced oedema formation, while Ibuprofen inhibited 70.23%. The extract showed dose dependent anti-inflammatory activity, which was found to be statistically significant at p \u3c 0.001%

Phytochemicals From Genus \u3cem\u3eDiospyros\u3c/em\u3e (L.) and their Biological Activities

Various constituents isolated and characterized from Diospyros species are described. These include naphthaquinones, triterpenoids and steroids. Some notable activities reported from the various part of the plant and from the extract and isolated constituents are antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antimolluscocidal, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activity

Intra-Specific Genetic Relationship Analyses of \u3cem\u3eCinnamomum trivancoricum\u3c/em\u3e Based on GC-MS Volatile Oil Markers

Cinnamomum trivancoricum (Lauraceae) is an endemic species to India. The identification and genetic relationship of these species were studied based mainly on volatile oil constituents and their retention time. The color of essential oils was brown and the number of components of oils that were identified from Kodaiyar, Karaiyar, Thenmalai and Kodaikkanal samples were 22, 20, 19 and 18 which accounts 85.6%, 85.4%, 91.26% and 85% of their contents, respectively. Among them, terpinen-4-ol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, a-terpineol, and β-caryophyllene were the major compounds. A Dendrogram based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficients indicated that the distribution pattern of the four accessions was coherent with their geographical origins. Most of the genetic variation (volatile oils Retention time data) occurred among clones within each region. However, the very close relationship between Kodaiyar and Thenmalai populations are statistically significant (P \u3c 0.001). This is the first report regarding the inheritance of volatile oils elution time and their application on genetic diversity of wild populations, and it provides useful baseline data for optimizing sampling strategies in breeding. These results are important for future genetic improvement, identification, and conservation of Cinnamomum trivancoricum germplasm

\u3cem\u3eStriga gesnerioides\u3c/em\u3e (Willd.) Vatke: A New Record for the Kalakad –Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India

Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke, a plant of the Scrophulariaceae that is often reported to be parasitic on the roots of crop plants, has been reported for the first time from the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve forest, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India. The specimen was collected from the Kakachi forest range