2,8-Dimethyl-10-p-tolyl-10H-phenoxaphosphine

The title compound (systematic name: 3,6-dimethyl-10-p-tolyl-9-oxa-10-phosphaanthracene), C21H19OP, is a precursor for the preparation of a bidentate xanthene-based ligand, in which the dihedral angle between the toluene ring and the phenoxaphosphine ring system is 83.26 (3)°. The geometry at the P atom is pyramidal, resulting in a longer C—P bond length as compared to the two ring C—P bonds

4,6-Bis(diphenyl­phosphan­yl)dibenzo[b,d]furan

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C36H26OP2, comprises two mol­ecules which have slightly different conformations of the phenyl ring substituents. In both mol­ecules, the dibenzofuran unit is close to being planar, with dihedral angles of 3.20 (3) and 1.86 (2)° for the two mol­ecules. Its planarity affects the intra­molecular distances between P atoms, with P⋯P distances of 5.574 (2) and 5.485 (2) Å for the two mol­ecules

4,6-Bis(diphenyl­phosphan­yl)-2,8-di­methyl­phenoxathiin dichloro­methane monosolvate

The title compound, C38H30OP2S·CH2Cl2, belongs to the xanthene family of ligands containing S- and O-donor atoms in the central heterocylic ring. Positions 2 and 8 on the xanthene backbone are functionalized with methyl groups to allow for the selective functionalization of the backbone at positions 4 and 6 with diphenyl­phosphanyl units. The title compound shows a significant ‘roof-like’ bending along the axis of planarity involving the O- and S-donor atoms and the benzene rings, resulting in a dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzene rings of 32.88 (13)°

A P,O,P′-tridentate mixed-donor scorpionate ligand: 6-[4,6-bis­(diphenyl­phosphino)-10H-phenoxazin-10-yl]hexan-1-ol

The title compound, C42H39NO2P2, is a P,O,P′-tridentate scorpionate-type ligand and has one mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. The angles involving the P atoms range from 100.21 (7) to 104.89 (7)°. The N-hexa­nol group was found to be disordered and was refined over two positions with final occupancies of 0.683 (3) and 0.317 (3) which affected the C—O and C—N bond lengths. The bond lengths for C—O range from 1.402 (2) to 1.415 (2) Å and for C—N from 1.410 (2) to 1.448 (3) Å for the major disorder component; the corresponding ranges for the minor disorder component are 1.429 (3)–1.408 (3) and 1.474 (3)–1.474 (4) Å

Giant lipoma: an unusual cause of carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome, in its idiopathic form, is an extremely common entrapment neuropathy in the clinical practice however secondary compressive causes are rare. Among secondary causes, tumors are even rarer. Although lipomas are the most common soft tissue tumor in the body, <5% of the benign tumors of the hand are lipomas. A 48-year old manual laborer man presented to us with a two-year history of numbness, tingling and burning pain in the palmar surface of the left hand and fingers along with a progressively increasing swelling in the hand and wrist. His medical history was unremarkable and no trauma episode was reported. According to the clinical examination and the result of median nerve conduction study (NCS) the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome was established. Operative release of the transverse carpal ligament was subsequently performed along with excision of the lipoma using extensile open approach. Intraoperatively, median nerve and its digital branches were found to be stretched over the giant lipoma causing substantial compression to median nerve. Histopathological findings of the resected mass were consistent with lipoma. After two years the patient was pain-free without any sign of tumor recurrence. Lipomas are infrequently seen in hand and wrist, however giant lipoma as a cause of secondary carpal tunnel syndrome is even more rare, which makes this case interesting.Key words: Lipoma, carpal tunnel syndrome, median nerve, nerve compressio

Solution to Some Open Problems on E-super Vertex Magic Total Labeling of Graphs

Let G be a finite graph with p vertices and q edges. A vertex magic total labeling is a bijection f from V(G)∪E(G) to the consecutive integers 1, 2, ..., p+q with the property that for every u∈V(G) , f( u)+ ∑f(uv)=K for some constant k. Such a labeling is E-super if f :E(G)→{1, 2,..., q}. A graph G is called E-super vertex magic if it admits an E-super vertex magic labeling. In this paper, we solve two open problems given by Marimuthu, Suganya, Kalaivani and Balakrishnan (Marimuthu et al., 2015)

Substitutional disorder in the substituted nixantphos ligand C39H32Br0.27Cl0.73NOP2

The structure of 10-(3-bromo/chloro­prop­yl)-4,6-bis­(diphenyl­phosphino)-10H-phenoxazine, C39H32Br0.27Cl0.73NOP2, shows chloro/bromo substitutional disorder in a 3:1 ratio. For application as a ligand in catalysis, the intra­molecular P⋯P distance of 4.263 (2) Å is relevant. The phenoxazine ring system is essentially planar

Haney's Ideas on Economic Value

History of Economic Thought deals with the origin and development of economic ideas, concepts, laws and theories. It is the process of searching, understanding, analyzing and interpreting the economic ideas. It is imperative to study the economic history to gain knowledge about economic theories. If one wants to understand the present phenomena clearly he has to know what happened in the past.This study deals with the ideas of Lewis Henry Haney about the very important basic economic concept i.e., “value”. It can be understood that starting from the Greek Philosopher like Aristotle so many economists carry out the analysis and interpretation of the idea of ‘value’. Among them Lewis Henry Haney, is one of the notably Economic Historian who indulged in analyzing the ‘value’ concept. That can be traced in his famous book titled ‘Value and Distribution’

Haney's Ideas on Economic Value

History of Economic Thought deals with the origin and development of economic ideas, concepts, laws and theories. It is the process of searching, understanding, analyzing and interpreting the economic ideas. It is imperative to study the economic history to gain knowledge about economic theories. If one wants to understand the present phenomena clearly he has to know what happened in the past.This study deals with the ideas of Lewis Henry Haney about the very important basic economic concept i.e., “value”. It can be understood that starting from the Greek Philosopher like Aristotle so many economists carry out the analysis and interpretation of the idea of ‘value’. Among them Lewis Henry Haney, is one of the notably Economic Historian who indulged in analyzing the ‘value’ concept. That can be traced in his famous book titled ‘Value and Distribution’

Assessing the genetic variability and trait interactions for nitrogen use efficiency in rice

In major cereals, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers and low nitrogen use efficiency adversely affect land, water and food systems. Developing nitrogen-efficient cereal varieties reduces fertilizer dependence, lowers costs and minimizes environmental pollution while maintaining yield stability. These varieties enhance nitrogen uptake and assimilation, ensuring sustainable food production in low-nitrogen soils. The study aimed to assess the genetic variability for nitrogen use efficiency among 160 rice genotypes by evaluating their performance under three different nitrogen levels -N0 (0N), N50 (50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) and N100 (100% RDN), during rabi season. The physiological and yield traits were recorded at the active tillering and flowering stages. The results indicated that the application of different nitrogen levels significantly affected the physiological traits such as chlorophyll index (SPAD value), leaf greenness index (NDVI), light-adapted PSII quantum yield (Fv'/Fm'), photosynthetic rate at both the stages. Also, there was a significant variation observed in yield traits such as the number of productive tillers, spikelets per panicle, 100-grain weight, spikelet fertility and grain yield among the rice genotypes under different N levels. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between Fv'/Fm' and photosynthetic rate with grain yield under N50 and N100 levels. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified the five high-yielding genotypes such as IRG91, IRG140, IRG302, IRG374 and IRG375, that performed significantly well under N50 in terms of physiological and yield traits compared to the N0 level and the reduction in yield was significantly less over N100. Future research should focus on identifying the key genes and pathways associated with NUE in rice