Marketing a tourism industry in late stage decline: The case of the Isle of Man

Qualitative interviews in the Isle of Man uncovered local perceptions of a tourism industry in late stage decline. Social impacts of decline are pronounced including facilities loss, cultural changes and a heightening of perceived peripherality: which taken together undermine local identity. Tourists are welcomed as they help to affirm the pride residents have in their island in creating a more active atmosphere, provide social interaction opportunities and to combat negative stereotyping. Thus findings emphasise the diverse, unique and persistent benefits of tourism in the Isle of Man, despite its decline. Destination marketing recommendations are therefore made to better address the experiences and desires of communities experiencing decline

REACH Regulation and the Environmental Liability Directive - The registrant's potential liability

The main obligation under Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) is the obligation of registration. The company responsible for import and manufacture, as well as an only representative are registrants. To carry out the registration obligation means that the registrant generates information on the substance he registers. For CMR, R50/53, PBT or vPvB substance (substances of higher concern) above 10 tonnes, the registrant is obliged, as a part of the obligation, to perform a chemical safety assessment and generate exposure scenarios containing risk management measures to recommend the safe use of such substances. The system of registration means in effect, that substances of higher concern manufactured or imported in quantities above 10 tonnes per year are assessed and supplied with measures on how to reduce the risks of their use. The responsibility for registering substances of higher concern means that the registrant has the primary responsibility for registration and performing the chemical safety assessment and the generation of exposure scenarios containing adequate risk management measures. The downstream user shall provide the registrant with the appropriate information on his use in order to have his use covered by the registration, but is not involved in generating the exposure scenarios. The downstream user shall identify, apply and recommend such appropriate measures to adequately control risks identified in exposure scenarios attached to the safety data sheets supplied to him. The Directive 2004/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage (ELD) is built on the polluters pay principle and aims to make operators of dangerous activities liable for the environmental damage they cause. The Member States have been given possibilities in implementing the Directive and therefore the effect of the polluters pay principle will depend on the Member States implementing measures. The Directive's definition of occupational activities includes the use of a substance of higher concern. The registrant cannot be considered an operator and cannot therefore be held liable under the provisions of the Directive. However, there is a connection between the registrant's exposure scenario (including operational conditions and risk management measures) and occupational activity and environmental damage caused by such activity. It is possible that the registrants responsibility for correctly performed chemical safety assessment and adequate risk management measures of the exposure scenario will have significance when liable downstream users are invoking the defences provided for under the Directive, or a downstream user's right of recourse at the registrant following such downstream liabilit

Managing tourism decline: insights from the Isle of Man

Qualitative interviews conducted in the Isle of Man investigate local perceptions of a tourism industry in long-term decline: a development stage typically overlooked. Negative impacts of decline are revealed; including facilities loss, landscape erosion, and a heightened sense of peripherality. Together such impacts undermine local identity and attractiveness of place. Tourists are welcomed as they help to affirm the pride residents have in their island, create atmosphere, provide social interaction opportunities, stimulate positive emotions and combat negative stereotyping. Emphasised is the on-going importance of tourism impacts in a peripheral location. Practioner recommendations are therefore made calling attention to the need to more carefully manage the process of decline. Potential strategies for achieving this are signposted

Tourism Culture: Nexus, Characteristics, Context and Sustainability

This article makes the case for tourism culture; the new cultural expressions, practises and identities, influenced by hosts, guests and industry context, which may develop in destinations, as a useful perspective with which to draw together various conceptual narratives within the tourism studies literature. Research in three small islands finds evidence of a distinctive cultural landscape which emerges from the interaction of host and guest cultures, and the exchange, change and creativity that results. Tourism industry dynamics are found to facilitate or undermine this process, as in turn they may be influenced by. This tourism culture has implications for the continuation and evolution of indigenous culture, as it does for the absorption of elements of tourist cultures. The emergent fusion may be symptomatic of a richer cultural landscape and might be considered as an indicator of more sustainable communities and forms of tourism development

O valor artístico em Edgar Allan Poe e Honoré de Balzac

Este trabalho propõe a possibilidade de, mediante um estudo binário entre dois autores distintos, uma discussão sobre um tema muito explorado e relevante às artes, o julgamento de valor.Para tanto, valemo-nos do conto “O retrato Oval”, de Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) e da novela A obra prima ignorada, de Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850)

Effects on mitochondrial transcription of manipulating mTERF protein levels in cultured human HEK293 cells

Peer reviewe

Visualization of Merging Flow by Usage of PIV and CFD with Application to Grate-Kiln Induration Machines

One way to upgrade iron ore is to process it into pellets. Such a process includes several stages involving complex fluid dynamics. In this work, focus is on the grate-kiln pelletizing process and especially on the rotary kiln, with the objective to get a deeper understanding of the aerodynamics in order to improve the combustion. A down-scaled, simplified model of the real kiln is created and both numerical and experimental analyses of the flow field are performed. Conclusions are that steady state simulations can be used to get an overview over the main features of the flow field. Precautions should though be taken when analyzing the recirculation zone since steady state simulations do not capture the transient, oscillating behavior of the flow seen in the physical experiment. These oscillations will under certain conditions considerably affect the size of the recirculation zone

Shape optimisation of the sharp-heeled Kaplan draft tube: Performance evaluation using Computational Fluid Dynamics

A methodology to assess the performance of an elbow-type draft tube is outlined. This was achieved using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the pressure recovery and mechanical energylosses along a draft tube design, while using open-source and commercial software to parameterise and regenerate the geometry and CFD grid. An initial validation study of the elbow-type draft tube is carriedout, focusing on the grid-regeneration methodology, steady-state assumption, and turbulence modelling approach for evaluating the design’s efficiency. The Grid Convergence Index (GCI) technique was used to assess the uncertainty of the pressure recovery to the grid resolution. It was found that estimating the pressure recovery through area-weighted averaging significantly reduced the uncertainty due to the grid. Simultaneously, it was found that this uncertainty fluctuated with the local cross-sectional area along the geometry. Subsequently, a study of the inflow cone and outer-heel designs on the flowfield and pressure recovery was carried out. Catmull-Rom splines were used to parameterise these components, so as torecreate a number of proposed designs from the literature. GCI analysis is also applied to these designs,demonstrating the robustness of the grid-regeneration methodology

Migratory Passerine Birds as Reservoirs of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe

Birds host vector ticks and Borrelia species and vary in effectiveness as reservoirs