Identifying substrate proteins for GAN1 and Keap1

Abstract only availableGAN1 and Keap1 are proteins characterized by a N-terminal BTB domain and a C-terminal Kelch repeat domain. Both of these domains are protein-protein interaction domains, suggesting that these BTB-Kelch proteins form signaling complexes in cells. Previous work has suggested that BTB-Kelch proteins function as substrate adaptor proteins for Cul3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. The goal of this project was to identify substrate proteins of GAN1 and Keap1. This information will be particularly useful when for understanding Giant Axonal Neuropathy, a sensorimotor disease characterized by excessive accumulation of neurofilaments in neurons that contain mutated GAN1 genes. We used an affinity purification approach to identify candidate substrate proteins for GAN1 and Keap1. Recombinant GAN1 and Keap1 genes containing a C-terminal chitin binding domain (CBD) were inserted into pBabe puro vectors. These vectors were used to generate virus stocks, which were used to infect a microglial cell line, BV-2. Stable cell lines were generated using puromycin selection. A mock-infected cell line was generated in parallel. When the cell lines were confluent, the cells were lysed using a 0.1% SDS RIPA solution and chitin beads were used to precipitate the CBD-tagged proteins. Western blot analyses were performed to determine if the purification of the CBD-tagged proteins was successful. No CBD-tagged proteins were identified in our first pull-down experiment. We are currently reexamining the precipitation protocol and preparing to lysate the same set of cells.Life Sciences Undergraduate Research Opportunity Progra

Integrated Baseball in Kansas during the Sport’s Era of Segregation, 1865–1945

Black athletes were barred from playing baseball in the major and minor leagues prior to 1946 with few exceptions. The implementation of the color line in organized baseball during the nineteenth century has been the focus of thorough research. Less studied is integrated baseball among independent town teams, and this research has focused on particular players or circumstances rather than an entire state or region across a broad span of baseball history. Integrated teams in Kansas provide a unique opportunity to examine their history at these larger scales. Prior to 1946, major league baseball was essentially concentrated east of the Mississippi River, which placed Kansas on the sport’s broad western frontier. Also, the role of Kansas in the prelude to the Civil War placed the state on the boundary separating North from South. In addition to the geographical context, most newspapers published in the state prior to 1923 and several published after that year have been digitized. Collectively, these circumstances make Kansas well suited to serve as a case study of the broader history of integrated baseball from 1865 to 1945. This book begins with biographies of more than 80 Black baseballists who played or umpired games with white or predominantly white town teams and minor league clubs, as well as predominantly Black teams that had white players. With the foundation provided by these experiences, the questions of why, when, and where integrated town teams took the field are examined and placed within the context of segregation and exclusion across the broader community.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/all_monographs/1032/thumbnail.jp

Scott Joplin, Ragtime, and Baseball in Sedalia, Missouri in 1900

Scott Joplin first achieved recognition as a composer with the publication of his Maple Leaf Rag in Sedalia, Missouri in 1899. A few months later, a Sedalia newspaper reported that Joplin and fellow musician Henry Jackson organized the Shortridge-Robb baseball club. The club planned to host a team from Kansas City at Liberty Park in Sedalia on 4 August 1900. Nothing else was published about the team in surviving Sedalia newspapers. This monograph examines the circumstances surrounding the organization of the Shortridge-Robb baseball club in an attempt to ascertain why it was organized and whether it played any games.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/all_monographs/1022/thumbnail.jp

Seventh US Cavalry Base Ball in Kansas, 1868–1870

From 1868 through 1870, the Seventh US Cavalry and other military units played baseball in Kansas at their various posts and in the field. Details of several games were reported in local newspapers, as well as the New York Clipper. The Seventh Cavalry clubs, most notably Captain Frederick Benteen’s Company H, continued to play through 1875 while stationed in the South and the Dakota Territory, before the regiment was decimated at the Battle of Little Bighorn (Greasy Grass) in 1876. This essay focuses on the Seventh Cavalry’s baseball experiences in Kansas. A list of known games played by the regiment from 1868 through 1875 and several newspaper clippings of box scores are provided.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/all_monographs/1012/thumbnail.jp

Who’s on First? Kansas City’s Female Baseball Stars, 1899–1929

Although female players were typically excluded from formal baseball teams, teams consisting entirely or partly of female players were organized across the country as early as the mid-1800s. The first female baseball club in Kansas and adjacent states was organized in Wichita in 1873. These early teams predated the arrival of the barnstorming teams with female players and usually one or more male players, who were sometimes disguised as women. Female players on most of these early traveling teams wore bloomers, and the teams were referred to as “bloomer girls.” Women on later teams wore traditional baseball uniforms and objected to the name. Some of these professional female ballplayers of the late 1800s and early 1900s, such as Maud Nelson of Chicago and Lizzie Murphy of New England, became well known. Two of the prominent players lived in Kansas City. This is the story of the professional careers in baseball—not softball—of Mae Arbaugh from Kansas City, Kansas and Ruth Egan from Kansas City, Missouri, both of whom played first base from 1899 to 1929, earning the respect of fans and male players.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/all_monographs/1009/thumbnail.jp

Excuses, Equivocation, and the New Evil Demon Problem

Epistemology has experienced an explosion of diversification over the past hundred years regarding the concept of justification. Internalists claim that they hold the intuitive support, often in the context of the New Evil Demon Problem. In this paper I challenge the notion that externalism claims no support from intuitions. I further argue that internalists and externalists are talking about two completely distinct types of justification and show that internalists shift the focus onto the excusability of a believer for holding a belief rather than the justification of the belief itself and in fact frequently equivocate the two. I finally appeal to several arguments against the possibility of justified false beliefs to further bolster the general reliabilist position

“What’s in a name? Baseball Goes to Town in 1886

In 1886, the St. Louis Browns of the American Association defeated the Chicago White Stockings (now the Chicago Cubs) of the National League in a postseason series, the only time an American Association club won the series played from 1884 to 1890. Also in 1886, the Missouri Pacific railroad organized the construction of a rail line in Kansas from Council Grove through Osage City to Ottawa. To commemorate the Browns’ season, the Missouri Pacific named two new stations after Browns’ players: Bushong in Lyon County and Comiskey in Morris County. Albert “Doc” Bushong was a catcher for the Browns, and Charles Comiskey was the club’s first baseman and captain (player-manager). Early reports of the towns named after baseball players contained incorrect information, but more recent publications have correctly described the events. This monograph provides additional details of the events and documents contemporary sources. The town of Comiskey no longer exists, but the small community of Bushong recently became a trailhead on the extensive Flint Hills Trail State Park, which follows the final alignment of the Missouri Pacific railroad bed.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/all_monographs/1029/thumbnail.jp

Early Baseball Career of Carl Mays in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Utah

Carl Mays was a successful submarine (underhand) pitcher in the major leagues from 1915 through 1929 with the Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, Cincinnati Reds, and New York Giants. He pitched in four World Series. He had 207 wins and 126 losses, with an earned run average of 2.92. His on-field credentials place him among the best pitchers of the time, yet Mays has not been enshrined with his peers in the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Mays had a reputation for pitching inside when batters crowded the plate, and he consequently hit 89 men during his 15-year major league career. Sadly, one of the batters he hit remains the focus of his professional baseball legacy. In 1920, a pitch thrown by Mays hit Cleveland Indians shortstop Ray Chapman in the head. Chapman died at the hospital the following morning, the only major league player to die from an injury received during a game. Other authors have described this tragedy in detail, along with other events in the major league career of Carl Mays. What has been missing is a fuller account of his early days in baseball, when Mays was a dominant overhand pitcher as a teenager for semiprofessional town teams in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Utah. This study focuses on his experiences during this formative period, including his participation in the “flat bat game” in Kansas and his stint as a pitcher in Utah after he was caught riding freight trains west to pursue his baseball career.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/all_monographs/1004/thumbnail.jp

Bert Wakefield and the End of Integrated Minor League Baseball in Kansas

Bert Wakefield was a lifelong resident of Troy, Kansas, where he was an active member of the community—business owner, member of social organizations, and musician. Wakefield was also an African American who played on several integrated and black baseball teams through the 1890s and early 1900s, including the Chicago Unions, Chicago Union Giants, Algona (Iowa) Brownies, Renville (Minnesota) All-Stars, and the original Kansas City Monarchs. In addition, Wakefield served as a captain of the mostly white Troy minor league team in the Kansas State League in 1895. In this role, he joined Bud Fowler, who captained minor league teams in Vermont (1887) and Nebraska (1892). Wakefield also umpired at least one ballgame between two white teams. Two other black ballplayers from Kansas—Bert Jones from Hiawatha and Monroe Ingram from Coffeyville—also played for minor league teams in Kansas during 1896–1898, making the state one of the last to have openly integrated minor league teams in the nineteenth century. This biography recounts Bert Wakefield’s experiences in baseball—with supporting appearances by Jones, Ingram, and other Kansas ballplayers. The story of Bert Wakefield and his fellow Kansans also intersects on the diamond with the baseball careers of men associated with the segregation of organized baseball, the organization of the Negro Leagues, and the reintegration of major league baseball. In addition, this story features an umpire from South Dakota who was an exception to the pervasive exclusion of women from professional baseball.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/all_monographs/1002/thumbnail.jp

Crayfishes of Kansas: List of Taxa, Synonyms, and References

There are currently 12 species of crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) reported from Kansas, although there are questions about the systematics of some taxa. Research and the corresponding scientific literature on crayfishes conducted in the state since 1885 are limited, but they cover a variety of topics. It is hoped this list of species and references will aid those who seek to add to our knowledge. Only published references are included, but a few Master’s theses about Kansas crayfishes are available. Also not included among the references cited in the list are regional, national, or international publications that mention Kansas in the broader distributions of species but do not add to the information in the sources cited here. To use this list, you can take the currently accepted name of a taxon to check for publications that included that name. These references are listed under the name of each species. Also listed are taxa that represent probable synonyms or assumed misidentifications (under the subheading “Synonyms”). Entries for each of these names will provide additional references that referred to the species by these other names. You can also select the name of a taxon from one of the published references and find that name in the list. This will provide you with a scientific name that is currently recommended. Scientific and common names of the state’s 12 reported species are highlighted in bold print. Scientific names were taken from the summary by Crandall and De Grave (2017), which updated earlier lists by Hobbs (1974; 1989) and McLaughlin et al. (2005), and from Glon et al. (2018). Common names were taken from references by Pflieger (1996), McLaughlin et al. (2005), and Robison et al. (2017)