A Wider Approach to Aid Effectiveness: Correlated Impacts on Health, Wealth, Fertility and Education

aid, health, wealth, fertility, education

Entrapment: an important mechanism to explain the shortwave 3D radiative effect of clouds

Several mechanisms have previously been proposed to explain differences between the shortwave reflectance of realistic cloud scenes computed using the 1D independent column approximation (ICA) and 3D solutions of the radiative transfer equation. When the sun is low in the sky, interception of sunlight by cloud sides tends to increase reflectance relative to ICA estimates that neglect this effect. When the sun is high, 3D radiative transfer tends to make clouds less reflective, which we argue is explained by the mechanism of “entrapment” whereby horizontal transport of radiation beneath a cloud layer increases the chances, relative to the ICA, of light being absorbed by cloud or the surface. It is especially important for multilayered cloud scenes. We describe modifications to the previously described Speedy Algorithm for Radiative Transfer through Cloud Sides (SPARTACUS) to represent different entrapment assumptions, and test their impact on 65 contrasting scenes from a cloud-resolving model. When entrapment is represented explicitly via a calculation of the mean horizontal distance traveled by reflected light, SPARTACUS predicts a mean “3D radiative effect” (the difference in top-of-atmosphere irradiances between 3D and ICA calculations) of 8.1 W m−2 for overhead sun. This is within 2% of broadband Monte Carlo calculations on the same scenes. The importance of entrapment is highlighted by the finding that the extreme assumptions in SPARTACUS of “zero entrapment” and “maximum entrapment” lead to corresponding mean 3D radiative effects of 1.7 and 19.6 W m−2, respectively

A novel ensemble method for retrieving properties of warm cloud in 3-D using ground-based scanning radar and zenith radiances

We present a novel method for retrieving high-resolution, three-dimensional (3-D) nonprecipitating cloud fields in both overcast and broken-cloud situations. The method uses scanning cloud radar and multiwavelength zenith radiances to obtain gridded 3-D liquid water content (LWC) and effective radius (re) and 2-D column mean droplet number concentration (Nd). By using an adaption of the ensemble Kalman filter, radiances are used to constrain the optical properties of the clouds using a forward model that employs full 3-D radiative transfer while also providing full error statistics given the uncertainty in the observations. To evaluate the new method, we first perform retrievals using synthetic measurements from a challenging cumulus cloud field produced by a large-eddy simulation snapshot. Uncertainty due to measurement error in overhead clouds is estimated at 20% in LWC and 6% in re, but the true error can be greater due to uncertainties in the assumed droplet size distribution and radiative transfer. Over the entire domain, LWC and re are retrieved with average error 0.05–0.08 g m-3 and ~2 μm, respectively, depending on the number of radiance channels used. The method is then evaluated using real data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program Mobile Facility at the Azores. Two case studies are considered, one stratocumulus and one cumulus. Where available, the liquid water path retrieved directly above the observation site was found to be in good agreement with independent values obtained from microwave radiometer measurements, with an error of 20 g m-2

Damage Proxy Map from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Coherence

A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture provide the ability to generate a damage proxy map. A master coherence map and a slave coherence map, for an area prior and subsequent to (including) a damage event are obtained. The slave coherence map is registered to the master coherence map. Pixel values of the slave coherence map are modified using histogram matching to provide a first histogram of the master coherence map that exactly matches a second histogram of the slave coherence map. A coherence difference between the slave coherence map and the master coherence map is computed to produce a damage proxy map. The damage proxy map is displayed with the coherence difference displayed in a visually distinguishable manner

19F NMR spectroscopy monitors ligand binding to recombinantly fluorine-labelled b'x from human protein disulphide isomerase (hPDI)

We report a protein-observe (19)F NMR-based ligand titration binding study of human PDI b'x with ?-somatostatin that also emphasises the need to optimise recombinant protein fluorination when using 5- or 6-fluoroindole. This study highlights a recombinant preference for 5-fluoroindole over 6-fluoroindole; most likely due to the influence of fluorine atomic packing within the folded protein structure. Fluorination affords a single (19)F resonance probe to follow displacement of the protein x-linker as ligand is titrated and provides a dissociation constant of 23 ± 4 ?M

Developing vocational identity and belonging in the hospitality workforce of tomorrow – assessing the effectiveness of a curriculum-driven approach [Power Point slides]

This is pre-published version of CAUTHE 2025 conference presentation PowerPoint slides. Corresponding presentation is also available in this Repository.Generational transformation is required in the way that the hospitality workforce is attracted, developed and retained if a sustainable future for the industry is to be realised. The hospitality industry has a history of struggling to retain staff, a problem that has been exacerbated and become more visible in the post-covid years. In addition, early career attrition reflects the challenges that hospitality graduates face. In response to these challenges, the design of a hospitality management course in a Victorian tertiary institution was motivated by a desire to develop a sense of vocational identity and belonging in the graduate cohort. Vocational identity, which refers to a sense of self derived from one's work or occupation (Chan, 2020), has been identified by researchers as benefitting both employers and employees in a number of ways. These include increased employee job satisfaction and motivation; higher productivity and enhanced job performance; and clarity in job role and responsibility. Research has also shown that vocational identity guides workers' practices and influences their performance, or competence (Klotz, et al. 2014). As a result, identifying strategies in tertiary education that effectively develop a sense of vocational identity are expected to positively contribute to both employee performance and long-term career commitment.Bachelor of Hospitality ManagementHolmesglen InstituteCAUTHE 2025Brisbane, Australi

Developing vocational identity and belonging in the hospitality workforce of tomorrow – assessing the effectiveness of a curriculum-driven approach

This is pre-published version of CAUTHE 2025 conference presentation. PowerPoint is also available in this Repository.Generational transformation is required in the way that the hospitality workforce is attracted, developed and retained if a sustainable future for the industry is to be realised. The hospitality industry has a history of struggling to retain staff, a problem that has been exacerbated and become more visible in the post-covid years. In addition, early career attrition reflects the challenges that hospitality graduates face. In response to these challenges, the design of a hospitality management course in a Victorian tertiary institution was motivated by a desire to develop a sense of vocational identity and belonging in the graduate cohort. Vocational identity, which refers to a sense of self derived from one's work or occupation (Chan, 2020), has been identified by researchers as benefitting both employers and employees in a number of ways. These include increased employee job satisfaction and motivation; higher productivity and enhanced job performance; and clarity in job role and responsibility. Research has also shown that vocational identity guides workers' practices and influences their performance, or competence (Klotz, et al. 2014). As a result, identifying strategies in tertiary education that effectively develop a sense of vocational identity are expected to positively contribute to both employee performance and long-term career commitment.Bachelor of Hospitality ManagementHolmesglen InstituteCAUTHE 2025Brisbane, Australi

Working at the coalface: contract staff, academic initiation and the RAE

This a post-print, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Area. Copyright © 2009 Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers). The definitive version is available at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com