Analisis Pemilihan Program UPM di Kalangan Pemohon yang Ingin Memasuki Universiti / Institusi Pengajian Tinggi di Malaysia

Kajian bertujuan untuk mengkaji pola pemilihan program-program yang ditawarkan oleh UPM di kalangan calon-calon yang ingin memasuki Universiti/Institusi Pengajian Tinggi. Kajian dikhususkan kepada calon-calon lepasan Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM ) dan Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM) yang memohon masuk keprogram - program diploma, matrikulasi dan program ijazah.Kajian menggunakan data yang diambil secara rawak daripada senarai merit sesi 1992-93 yang merangkumi kedua-dua jenis peperiksaan,SPM dan STPM, aliran Sains dan aliran Sastera, Bumiputera dan Bukan Bumiputera. Kajian dibantu oleh data-data yang diperolehi daripada Unit Pusat Universiti (UPU) meliputi jumlah permohonan masuk ke Universiti bagi tempoh lima tahun kebelakangan (1980/89- 1992/93). Data-data yang diperolehi dianalisa secara statistik am seperti peratusan dan purata. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa jumlah permohonan ke UPM bagi tempoh lima tahun kebelakangan ini adalah semakin berkurangan, meskipun jumlah permohonan ke Universiti-Universiti secara kesaluruhannya semakin meningkat

Wasatiyyah Values Appreciation in the Syariah Governance as Consumer Understanding Education Mechanisme Towards Islamic Banking System

The concept and values of wasatiyyah are fundamental in Islamic banking practice as the syariahlaw has delineated basic muamalat principles as an operation guideline for the banking industry.So that, all kind of extreme characteristics may be prevented. The principles of wasatiyyah prohibitany element which overlooks the permitted limit namely gambling, uncertainty (gharar), usury,fraud and so on. These elements have to be avoided in life because they were clearly prohibited byAllah SWT due to their oppressive nature especially towards the unfortunate such as the poor orlow-income group. This prohibition is also attached with the heavy intimidation in the hereafter.The Islamic banking system upholds the concept of wasatiyyah through the values of fairness,trust, transparency and accountability which are instilled through the syariah governance system.The appreciation of these values is proposed to be a part of the new curriculum for the financialawareness subject has been presented by the Malaysia government in the 13th Parliamentarysession. It is important to educate and enhance the understanding of the public especially the youngabout the Islamic banking system as an alternative to avoid the prohibited conventional bankingsystem

Optimisation of supercritical fluid extraction of astaxanthin from Penaeus monodon waste using ethanol-modified carbon dioxide

Some studies demonstrated that astaxanthin surpasses the antioxidant benefits of beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin, vitamin C, and vitamin E. Penaeus monodon (Tiger shrimp) is one of the most valuable traded crustacean products in which astaxanthin can be found in its by-products. The extraction of thermolabile compound like carotenoids at lower temperatures through supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) can reduce the potential isomerization and degradation of the extraction product. In this study, astaxanthin had been extracted using SC-CO2 with 15% (v/v) ethanol as an entrainer and the recovered astaxanthin was analyzed using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A central composite design (CCD) was employed to study the effect of three SC-CO2 parameters namely temperature (X1) from 40 to 80°C, pressure (X2) from 150 to 250 bar and extraction flow rate (X3) from 1 to 3 ml/min on the astaxanthin complex yield, (Y1) and free astaxanthin content, (Y2). The nonlinear regression equations were significantly (p0.9261), which had no indication of lack of fit. The results indicated that a combined set of values of temperature (56.88°C), pressure (215.68 bar) and extraction flow rate (1.89 ml/min) was predicted to provide the optimum region in terms of astaxanthin complex yield, (58.50 ± 2.62 μg/g ) and free astaxanthin content (12.20 ± 4.16 μg/g) studied

Lycopene-rich fractions derived from pink guava by-product and their potential activity towards hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular and DNA damage.

Effects of solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction on antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of lycopene-rich fractions of decanted pink guava by-product (decanter) were determined with lycopene-equivalent antioxidant capacity, β-carotene bleaching and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays. Extraction with SC-CO2 gave a higher yield than solvent extraction (3.15 vs. 0.68mg/100g dried decanter, corresponding to 42.99 and 33.63mg of lycopene). No cytotoxicity was found in Chang liver cells supplemented with either extracts (6.25-200μg/ml). Solvent extract at 25μg/ml (2.32μM lycopene) and SC-CO2 extract at 200μg/ml (5.09μM lycopene) had protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity. However, only high concentrations of solvent extract (200μg/ml; lycopene=18.65μM) or lycopene standard (10μM) protected cells against DNA damage. Supercritical fluid extraction demonstrated a higher yield in lycopene-rich fraction from decanter. These fractions have the potential to be developed as a functional ingredient to prevent oxidative stress and other related diseases

Effects of extraction techniques on phenolic components and antioxidant activity of Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) leaf extracts.

The effect of four extraction techniques namely; solvent extraction (SE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) on the phenolic components and antioxidant activity of Morinda citrifolia leaf extracts was investigated. Total phenolics compounds (TPC) were quantified spectrophotometrically using Follin-Ciocalteu regent method, while the catechins were analyzed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by determining 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) capacity and ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP). Overall, MAE produced extract exhibited the maximum amount of TPC and catechin while UAE-extract had the highest antioxidant activity. It could be concluded that, even though MAE extract contained high TPC and catechin, the accelerated temperature used during this extraction technique might have attributed to reduce the antioxidant activity of this extract. Therefore, UAE can be recommended for recovery of potent natural antioxidant components from M. citrifolia leaf offering better antioxidant activity

The Opportunities of the Application of Islamic Criminal Law According to Indonesian Constitution

Islamic Criminal Law explains criminal offence and the punishments based on Islamic Law. The aim of Islamic criminal law is to maintain peace in the societies, whether for Muslim and non-Muslim, and reform the offenders. Running the Islamic criminal law is the right of every Muslim. The Indonesian Constitution guarantees the citizen’s freedom to run their own religion. In this context, running Islamic criminal law is part of Islamic religion. The objective of this paper is to know the opportunities of the application of Islamic criminal law according to Indonesian Constitution. This qualitative study will analyze the library data by referring to the books, the regulation in Indonesia and other sources that support this issue. Thus this paper is expected to generate the information about the possibility of the application of Islamic criminal law in Indonesia according to the Indonesian Constitution which is the highest law in Indonesia

Overview of soft intelligent computing technique for supercritical fluid extraction

Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction process with mathematical modeling is essential for industrial applications. The response surface methodology (RSM) has been proven to be a useful and effective statistical method for studying the relationships between measured responses and independent factors. Recently there are growing interest in applying smart system or artificial technique to model and simulate a chemical process and also to predict, compute, classify and optimize as well as for process control. This system works by generalizing the experimental result and the process behavior and finally predict and estimate the problem. This smart system is a major assistance in the development of process from laboratory to pilot or industrial. The main advantage of intelligent systems is that the predictions can be performed easily, fast, and accurate way, which physical models unable to do. This paper shares several works that have been utilizing intelligent systems for modeling and simulating the supercritical fluid extraction process

Gender-Konstruktionen in der "Nation of Islam"

'Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit unterschiedlichen Perspektiven auf Geschlechterverhältnisse in der US-amerikanischen 'Nation of Islam', einer 1930 entstandenen Religionsform des 'African American Islam'. Die AnhängerInnen glauben an die 'Black Race' als das von Allah auserwählte Volk. Durch die Separation von Weißen würden 'African Americans' Würde und Stärke, aber auch Autonomie in allen Lebensbereichen erlangen. In diesem Kontext soll die Relevanz von Gender-Konstruktionen mit ihren Bezügen zu Rassismen, Sexismen und Nationalismen sichtbar gemacht werden. Frauen wird in der 'Nation of Islam' eine passive Rolle im Hintergrund - im Sinne der 'natürlichen' Bestimmung der Frau - zugeschrieben. Jedoch resultieren ihre gesellschaftlichen und politischen Bedeutungen sowohl innerhalb der Organisation als auch im öffentlichen Raum aus vielfältigen Positionierungen, und nicht, wie oft angenommen, aus einem fremdbestimmten, allumfassenden Lebenskonzept.' (Autorenreferat)'This article discusses different aspects of gender roles in the 'Nation of Islam', a religion of 'African American Islam', founded in 1930. The 'Nation of Islam' believes that the 'Black Race' represents the chosen people of Allah and that 'African Americans' should develop their dignity, strength and autonomy through separation from the 'Whites'. In this context the importance of gender roles in reference to racism, sexism and nationalism is being displayed. The 'Nation of Islam' assigns a passive role to women - proposing a 'natural destiny'. However, women demand a multiple positioning due to their social and political relevance for organisations and public space, which is at conflict with such an external, comprehensive life concept claim.' (author's abstract)

A legal analysis of successful and problematic Build Operate and Transfer (BOT) projects in Malaysia

The Malaysian government has adopted the Build Operate Transfer (BOT) project contractual arrangement for developing public infrastructure projects like highways and railways. In an effort to balance the economic and social needs of the community, the government has introduced a policy and legal framework to address the issue. The aim of this article is to study factors contributing to both successful and problematic BOT projects in Malaysia. The analysis reveals that there are common underlying factors contributing to the success of BOT projects such as: sound policy and regulatory framework, strong government support, clarity of project formulation and documentation, responsible sponsors and fair deals for all parties. On the other hand, the factors contributing to the problematic projects are individualised. Finally, steps to overcome the problems are elucidated to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of both BOT legal technique and privatisation in general