The Chinese challenge to the EU25

Internationaler Wettbewerb, Wirtschaftswachstum, Industrialisierung, Wirtschaftslage, Außenhandel, China, Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion, Global competition, Economic growth, Industrialization, Recent economic development, Foreign trade, European Economic and Monetary Union

Squaring the circle of mitigation adequacy and equity : options and perspectives

The report surveys current proposals and positions on issues such as differentiated participation of countries in the new agreement, a differentiated spectrum of commitments, effort sharing and options for how to organise the negotiation process. The report finds that for the level of participation, the selection of commitment types, and choice of effort-sharing approaches there is no silver bullet. A portfolio approach that incorporates multiple options may be most suited to ensure environmental effectiveness, cost- effectiveness and political feasibility

Emerging economies : potentials, pledges and fair shares of greenhouse gas reduction

In this report we assess how ambitious emission reduction pledges of emerging economies are compared to business as usual emissions, the countries' mitigation potential and respective efforts based on different equity principles

Design of the Compression System of a Geared Turbofan

The geared turbofan aircraft engine is an efficient type of aircraft engine. By using a gearbox, the fan can run at a different rotational speed in comparison to the shaft connecting low pressure compressor and turbine. To assess the in-house tools for preliminary design, a geared turbofan, with the same requirements as the Pratt&Whitney 1000G, is designed, including thermodynamic cycle, turbine, compressor, burner and structural mechanics. The goal of this study is the design of the compression system, composed of the low-pressure compressor, the inter-compressor duct and the high-pressure compressor. The following steps have been carried out to design the compression system: first, a preliminary design of both compressors is realized, following by a detailed design, conducted with throughflow calculations and the use of a database of optimal airfoils [1]. Three stages have been chosen for the low-pressure compressor and eight stages for the high-pressure compressor. In order to reach the target conditions for all operating points from the specifications, the schedule for the variable guide vanes has also been decided on. The final design is validated with 3D CFD calculations. Additionally, the interaction of the inter-compressor duct with the low-pressure and the highpressure compressor is investigated

The signal peptide of the Medicago truncatula modular nodulin MtNOD25 operates as an address label for the specific targeting of proteins to nitrogen-fixing symbiosomes.

Baier M, Hohnjec N, Lenz F, et al. The signal peptide of the Medicago truncatula modular nodulin MtNOD25 operates as an address label for the specific targeting of proteins to nitrogen-fixing symbiosomes. Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions. 2009;22(1):63-72

Identification and expression regulation of symbiotically activated legume genes

Küster H, Vieweg MF, Manthey K, Baier M, Hohnjec N, Perlick AM. Identification and expression regulation of symbiotically activated legume genes. Phytochemistry. 2007;68(1):8-18.Legume plants are able to enter two different endosymbioses with soil prokaryotes and soil fungi, leading to nitrogen-fixing root nodules and to arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), respectively. We applied in silico and microarray-based transcriptome profiling approaches to uncover the transcriptome of developing root nodules and AM roots of the model legume Medicago truncatula. Several hundred genes were found to be activated in different stages of either symbiosis, with almost 100 genes being co-induced during nodulation and in arbuscular mycorrhiza. These co-induced genes can be associated with different cellular functions required for symbiotic efficiency, such as the facilitation of transport processes across the perisymbiotic membranes that surround the endosymbiotic bacteroids in root nodules and the arbuscules in AM roots. To specify promoter elements required for gene expression in arbuscule-containing cells, reporter gene fusions of the promoter of the Vicia faba leghemoglobin gene VfLb29 were studied by loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches in transgenic hairy roots. These analyses specified a 85-bp fragment that was necessary for gene expression in arbuscule-containing cells but was dispensible for gene activation in root nodules. In contrast to promoters mediating gene expression in the infected cells of root nodules, the activation of genes in AM appears to be governed by more complex regulatory systems requiring different promoter modules. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved