Architecture Education Methodology Comparison between KTH-Sweden and PUA-Egypt

The increasing global emphasis on sustainable approaches demands new approaches to architecture education. In order to raise the level of architecture education; analyses of different education programs, finding comparable experiences and problems across borders and the creation of a network worldwide for the exchange of information are recognized methods of achieving and maintaining comparable national and global standards. With the aim of improving education and research activities, Faculty of Engineering at Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt; PUA (Private developing world university) and the Royal Institute of Technology; KTH (International technical university in Stockholm, Sweden) agreed on long term cooperation in 2009.This cooperation aim is to introduce the "Swedish" experience in teaching and education at PUA in order to provide graduates with the professional, intellectual and technological skills which enable them to compete in global job markets and cope with modernity. As a part of the cooperation agreement between PUA and KTH; a team work from KTH conducted a follow up and evaluation of Architecture program at PUA.The present paper focuses on the Architecture Curriculum followed in PUA as compared to the already adapted in Sweden. This comparison is undertaken in various directions covering methodologies used in both universities; besides in depth analysis of that methodology outcome, in the form of the final product quality (the graduate students) will be exposed. This comparative analysis gives us as academics a basis to strengthen our programs, to enhance our role in shaping undergraduate education, and to improve the quality of education

Comparative techno-economic analysis of BECCS and biochar in Sweden

Greenhouse gas emissions from human activity need to decrease for the Paris agreement goal of 1.5° C of global warming to be reached, and while emission reduction efforts remain the most important tool for combating climate change, it is increasingly evident that negative emission technologies (NETs) will play a key role reaching the climate targets of the Paris agreement. Two examples of NETs that are expected to contribute to the Swedish climate targets are bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and biochar production, which are technologies that both use biomass to generate energy while capturing carbon, making them potential replacements to traditional means of bioenergy production. In this report, the technical and economic conditions needed for BECCS and biochar to be able to compete with combined heat and power production (CHP) in Sweden is assessed through a literature study, stakeholder interviews, and a scenario based techno-economic net present value (NPV) analysis. The results of the analysis show that only the scenarios with the most favourable conditions for BECCS and biochar are able to achieve a higher net present value compared to CHP production. Ambitious CO_2 pricing and low system costs are identified as important variables for BECCS to outperform CHP economically. For biochar production, a high biochar selling price and low system costs are identified as important variables. Furthermore, low energy prices are shown to be beneficial to the economic performance of both BECCS and biochar when compared to CHP. Lastly, the effect of biomass availability on BECCS and biochar deployment is identified as a possible increasingly important factor to consider if the sustainability demands on biomass become more stringent and its number of competing uses increase. Care therefore needs to be taken to avoid the potentially harmful consequences on biodiversity if large scale deployment is to be successful.För att Parisavtalets 1.5-gradersmål ska nås behöver de globala koldioxidutsläppen nå en netto noll-nivå inom de kommande årtiondena. Samtidigt som rena utsläppsminskningar fortfarande är det viktigaste sättet att uppnå detta, så är det nu även allmänt erkänt att olika typer av negativa utsläpp kommer spela en viktig roll för att klimatavtalet ska kunna nås i tid. Negativa utsläpp innebär att man på olika sätt minskar mängden koldioxid i atmosfären. Det flera metoder för detta, men koldioxidinfångning från luften och plantering av skog är två vanliga exempel. I detta arbete undersöks BECCS och biokol – två olika tekniker som använder biomassa för att producera energi och samtidigt fånga in koldioxid – för att se vilken praktisk genomförbarhet de har i Sverige, samt hur ekonomiskt konkurrenskraftiga de är jämfört med traditionell kraftvärmeproduktion från biomassa (gemensam värme- och elproduktion från förbränning). Med hjälp av intervjuer med intressenter samt en litteraturstudie togs scenarier fram för olika förutsättningsnivåer för teknikerna. Dessa scenarier testades sedan i en tekno-ekonomisk modell för att undersöka hur ekonomiskt gångbart en investering i BECCS eller biokol är i de olika scenarierna. Samma beräkningar gjordes sedan för kraftvärmeproduktion, och resultaten för de negativa utsläppsteknikerna och kraftvärmeanläggningen jämfördes sedan. De viktigaste resultaten: Både BECCS och biokol kan endast prestera bättre ekonomiskt än kraftvärme i de mest gynnsamma scenarierna, vilket tyder på att nuvarande regleringar, kostnader, tekniska osäkerheter och policyincitament resulterar i förutsättningar som inte är gynnsamma nog för storskalig implementering. Försäljningspriset av CO_2 har en större ekonomisk påverkan på BECCS än biokol, vilket troligen innebär att BECCS är mer känslig för utformningen av framtida klimatpolicy. Försiktighet behöver iaktas för att undvika de potentiellt skadliga konsekvenserna på biologisk mångfald om storskalig implementering av teknikerna ska ske

Unexpectedly High Prevalence of Common Variable Immunodeficiency in Finland

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common primary immunodeficiency. Prevalence varies greatly between countries and studies. Most diagnostic criteria include hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired vaccine response. Aim: To evaluate the minimum prevalence as well as the clinical and immunological phenotypes of CVID in Southern Finland. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study to assess all adult CVID patients followed up in three hospital districts in Southern and South-Eastern Finland between April 2007 and August 2015. CVID diagnosis was based, with a minor modification, on the ESID/PAGID criteria for primary CVID. Antipolysaccharide responses to Pneumovax (R) were defined as impaired only if 50% or more of the serotypes did not reach a level of 0.35 mu g/mL after vaccination. We further characterized the patients' B cell phenotypes and complications associated with CVID. Results: In total, 9 patients were excluded due to potential secondary causes before diagnosis. ESID/PAGID criteria were met by 132 patients (males 52%), of whom, 106 had "probable" and 26 "possible CVID." Based on the population statistics in the three hospital districts, the minimum adult prevalence per 100,000 inhabitants in Finland for all CVID ("probable CVID," respectively) patients was 6.9 (5.5). In the highest prevalence district (Helsinki and Uusimaa), the prevalence was 7.7 (6.1). CVID patients suffer from frequent complications. Ten patients died during follow-up. Of probable CVID patients, 73% had more than one clinical phenotype. Intriguingly, gradual B cell loss from peripheral blood during follow-up was seen in as many as 16% of "Xprobable CVID" patients. Patients with possible CVID displayed somewhat milder clinical and laboratory phenotypes than probable CVID patients. We also confirm that large granular lymphocyte lymphoproliferation is a CVID-associated complication. Conclusion: The prevalence of CVID in Finland appears the highest recorded, likely reflecting the genetic isolation and potential founder effects in the Finnish population. Studies to discover potential gene variants responsible for the high prevalence in Finland thus seem warranted. Increased awareness of CVID among physicians would likely lead to earlier diagnosis and improved quality of care.Peer reviewe

Tutkimuksen haasteita puolustushallinnossa

Ensimmäisessä luvussa tarkastellaan ministeriöiden roolia tutkimuksen johtajina. siinä todetaan muun muassa, että " Jokaisella ministeriöllä tulee tiede- ja teknologianeuvoston suositusten mukaan olla hallinnonalan strategiaan ja yleistavoitteisiin perustuva tutkimus- ja kehittämistoiminnan strategia, jota päivitetään säännöllisesti. Toinen luku käsittelee tutkimusta, arviointia ja ennakointia päätöksenteon tukena. Seuraavassa luvussa selvitetään tutkimuksen pitkän aikajänteen kokonaisuuksia seuraavan kahden vuosikymmenen aikana. Neljäs luku käsittelee puolustushallintoon ja muun muassa turvallistoimintaan liittyvää kotimaista ja ulkomaista tutkimusyhteistyötä. Viimeisessä luvussa käsitellään tutkimustoiminnan johtamisen haasteita ja sen alussa todetaan, että " Puolustusministeriön hallinnonalan sektoritutkimus kattaa poikkeuksellisen laajan kokonaisuuden."At the end of the book is a summary of the article in English

Le droit contre l’esclavage au Niger: Utmaningar vid översättning av vänstertunga och informationstäta meningar i fransk samhällsvetenskaplig text

Detta magisterarbete grundar sig på en översättning av Le droit contre l’esclavage au Niger (2003), en artikel skriven av den franske historikern och antropologen Roger Botte. Artikeln behandlar det nutida slaveriet i Niger i Västafrika. Min uppsats består utöver översättningen av en textanalys om Bottes artikel, baserad på Hellspong & Ledins (1997) analysmodell. Analysen följs av överväganden inför översättningen och slutligen en översättningskommentar. Översättningskommentaren fokuserar på översättningen av vänstertunga meningar med flera satsled före finita verbet och hanteringen av informationstät franskspråkig text med nominal stil

Editorial : Updates on the pathogenesis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

Non peer reviewe

Lasten keuhkojen magneettikuvaus

Teema : Magneettikuvaus. English summar

Successful treatment of cardiac haemangiomas with oral propranolol: A case series of two patients

Peer reviewe

controlling the disease

Surveillance and outbreak reports Surveillance of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Europe, 2003-2007 15 by I Devaux, D Manissero, K Fernandez de la Hoz, K Kremer, D van Soolingen, on behalf of the EuroTB network Analysis of tuberculosis treatment outcomes in the European Union and European Economic Area: efforts needed towards optimal case management and control 21 by D Manissero, V Hollo, E Huitric, C Ködmön, A Amato-Gauci Risk of developing tuberculosis from a school contact: retrospective cohort study