Colorectal cancer risk following adenoma removal: a large prospective population-based cohort study

BACKGROUND: Randomised controlled trials have demonstrated significant reductions in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality associated with polypectomy. However, little is known about whether polypectomy is effective at reducing CRC risk in routine clinical practice. The aim of this investigation was to quantify CRC risk following polypectomy in a large prospective population-based cohort study. METHODS: Patients with incident colorectal polyps between 2000 and 2005 in Northern Ireland (NI) were identified via electronic pathology reports received to the NI Cancer Registry (NICR). Patients were matched to the NICR to detect CRC and deaths up to 31(st) December 2010. CRC standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated and Cox proportional hazards modelling applied to determine CRC risk. RESULTS: During 44,724 person-years of follow-up, 193 CRC cases were diagnosed amongst 6,972 adenoma patients, representing an annual progression rate of 0.43%. CRC risk was significantly elevated in patients who had an adenoma removed (SIR 2.85; 95% CI: 2.61 to 3.25) compared with the general population. Male sex, older age, rectal site and villous architecture were associated with an increased CRC risk in adenoma patients. Further analysis suggested that not having a full colonoscopy performed at, or following, incident polypectomy contributed to the excess CRC risk. CONCLUSIONS: CRC risk was elevated in individuals following polypectomy for adenoma, outside of screening programmes. IMPACT: This finding emphasises the need for full colonoscopy and adenoma clearance, and appropriate surveillance, after endoscopic diagnosis of adenoma

Las estrategias metodológicas en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de Ciencias Sociales acorde al MOSEIB en la Unidad Educativa Intercultural Bilingüe “Monseñor Leónidas Proaño

ABSTRACT: The general objective of this research work was to determine the incidence of methodological strategies in the teaching-learning process of Social Sciences according to the MOSEIB in the Bilingual Intercultural Educational Unit "Monseñor Leónidas Proaño, understanding that methodological strategies are those tools that will allow improve the teaching and learning process of the Social Sciences, in the students, because through them the knowledge, worldview of the peoples, identification of their culture among others will be strengthened. The methodology used had a non-experimental, documentary, field, exploratory and explanatory design, the study population was made up of 59 first-year high school students and 4 teachers; its sampling was non-probabilistic and intentional; the techniques used were the observation and the survey, the instruments the observation sheet and the questionnaire. Through which the processing and tabulation of the data obtained was carried out, the same ones that allowed reaching the conclusion that: It has been possible to identify that teachers do not adequately apply the methodological strategies, which causes students to generate various stereotypes, according to its interculturality; That is why it has been seen of great importance to design a guide of methodological strategies, because through it the knowledge of students will be improved based on the area of social sciences, according to those proposed in the MOSEIB, due to that through it the students will be able to improve their knowledge about their worldview, culture, cultural identity and others.El presente trabajo de investigación, tuvo como objetivo general determinar la incidencia de las estrategias metodológicas en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de Ciencias Sociales acorde al MOSEIB en la Unidad Educativa Intercultural Bilingüe “Monseñor Leónidas Proaño, entendiendo que las estrategias metodológicas son aquellas herramientas que permitirán mejorar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales, en los estudiantes, pues por medio de ellas se afianzaran los conocimientos, cosmovisión de los pueblos, identificación de su cultura entre otros. La metodología utilizada tuvo un diseño no experimental, de tipo documental, de campo, exploratoria y explicativa, la población de estudio la conformaron los 59 estudiantes de primero de bachillerato y 4 docentes; su muestreo fue no probabilístico e intencional; las técnicas utilizadas fueron la observación y la encuesta, los instrumentos la ficha de observación y el cuestionario. Mediante los cuales se realizó el procesamiento y tabulación de los datos obtenidos, los mismos que permitieron llegar a la conclusión que: Se ha podido identificar que los docentes no aplican de manera adecuada las estrategias metodológica, lo cual origina que los estudiantes generen diversos estereotipos, de acuerdo a su interculturalidad; es por ello que se ha visto de gran importancia el diseñar una guía de estrategias metodológicas, pues por medio de ella se va a mejorar el conocimiento de los estudiantes en base al área de ciencias sociales, acorde a los propuesto en el MOSEIB, debido a que por medio del mismo los estudiantes podrá, mejorar su conocimiento sobre su cosmovisión, cultural, identidad cultural y otros.UNACH,Ecuado

The Candida Genome Database (CGD), a community resource for Candida albicans gene and protein information

The Candida Genome Database (CGD) is a new database that contains genomic information about the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans. CGD is a public resource for the research community that is interested in the molecular biology of this fungus. CGD curators are in the process of combing the scientific literature to collect all C.albicans gene names and aliases; to assign gene ontology terms that describe the molecular function, biological process, and subcellular localization of each gene product; to annotate mutant phenotypes; and to summarize the function and biological context of each gene product in free-text description lines. CGD also provides community resources, including a reservation system for gene names and a colleague registry through which Candida researchers can share contact information and research interests. CGD is publicly funded (by NIH grant R01 DE15873-01 from the NIDCR) and is freely available at http://www.candidagenome.org/

The Resource Curse and Rentier States in the Caspian Region : A Need for Context Analysis

Although much attention is paid to the Caspian region with regard to energy issues, the domestic consequences of the region’s resource production have so far constituted a neglected field of research. A systematic survey of the latest research trends in the economic and political causalities of the resource curse and of rentier states reveals that there is a need for context analysis. In reference to this, the paper traces any shortcomings and promising approaches in the existent body of literature on the Caspian region. Following on from this, the paper then proposes a new approach; specifically, one in which any differences and similarities in the context conditions are captured. This enables a more precise exploration of the exact ways in which they form contemporary post-Soviet Caspian rentier states.Obwohl der Region am Kaspischen Meer im Zuge von Energiediskursen große Aufmerksamkeit zuteil wird, stellen die innerstaatlichen Folgen der Ressourcenproduktion in der Region ein bislang vernachlässigtes Forschungsfeld dar. Ein systematischer Überblick über die jüngsten Forschungstrends zu wirtschaftlichen und politischen Kausalzusammenhängen des Ressourcenfluchs und zu Rentierstaaten offenbart die Notwendigkeit von Kontextanalysen. Hierauf Bezug nehmend, analysiert der Aufsatz sowohl die Mängel als auch viel versprechende Ansätze in der betreffenden Literatur zur Region am Kaspischen Meer. Der Aufsatz stellt letztendlich einen neuen Ansatz vor, der Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten in den Kontextbedingungen erfasst, um zu erforschen, wie diese die gegenwärtigen post-sowjetischen Rentierstaaten in der Region am Kaspischen Meer tatsächlich prägen

Sequence resources at the Candida Genome Database

The Candida Genome Database (CGD, ) contains a curated collection of genomic information and community resources for researchers who are interested in the molecular biology of the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. With the recent release of a new assembly of the C.albicans genome, Assembly 20, C.albicans genomics has entered a new era. Although the C.albicans genome assembly continues to undergo refinement, multiple assemblies and gene nomenclatures will remain in widespread use by the research community. CGD has now taken on the responsibility of maintaining the most up-to-date version of the genome sequence by providing the data from this new assembly alongside the data from the previous assemblies, as well as any future corrections and refinements. In this database update, we describe the sequence information available for C.albicans, the sequence information contained in CGD, and the tools for sequence retrieval, analysis and comparison that CGD provides. CGD is freely accessible at and CGD curators may be contacted by email at [email protected]

Author Correction: Genome-Guided Phylo-Transcriptomic Methods and the Nuclear Phylogenetic Tree of the Paniceae Grasses

The original version of this Article contained an error in the title of the paper, where the word “Phylogenetic” was incorrectly given as “Phylogentic”. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article, and in the accompanying Supplementary Information file

New tools at the Candida Genome Database: biochemical pathways and full-text literature search

The Candida Genome Database (CGD, http://www.candidagenome.org/) provides online access to genomic sequence data and manually curated functional information about genes and proteins of the human pathogen Candida albicans. Herein, we describe two recently added features, Candida Biochemical Pathways and the Textpresso full-text literature search tool. The Biochemical Pathways tool provides visualization of metabolic pathways and analysis tools that facilitate interpretation of experimental data, including results of large-scale experiments, in the context of Candida metabolism. Textpresso for Candida allows searching through the full-text of Candida-specific literature, including clinical and epidemiological studies

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

The Aspergillus Genome Database (AspGD): recent developments in comprehensive multispecies curation, comparative genomics and community resources

The Aspergillus Genome Database (AspGD; http://www.aspgd.org) is a freely available, web-based resource for researchers studying fungi of the genus Aspergillus, which includes organisms of clinical, agricultural and industrial importance. AspGD curators have now completed comprehensive review of the entire published literature about Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus, and this annotation is provided with streamlined, ortholog-based navigation of the multispecies information. AspGD facilitates comparative genomics by providing a full-featured genomics viewer, as well as matched and standardized sets of genomic information for the sequenced aspergilli. AspGD also provides resources to foster interaction and dissemination of community information and resources. We welcome and encourage feedback at [email protected]