Implementation of Provably Stable MaxNet

MaxNet TCP is a congestion control protocol that uses explicit multi-bit signalling from routers to achieve desirable properties such as high throughput and low latency. In this paper we present an implementation of an extended version of MaxNet. Our contributions are threefold. First, we extend the original algorithm to give both provable stability and rate fairness. Second, we introduce the MaxStart algorithm which allows new MaxNet connections to reach their fair rates quickly. Third, we provide a Linux kernel implementation of the protocol. With no overhead but 24-bit price signals, our implementation scales from 32 bit/s to 1 peta-bit/s with a 0.001% rate accuracy. We confirm the theoretically predicted properties by performing a range of experiments at speeds up to 1 Gbit/sec and delays up to 180 ms on the WAN-in-Lab facility

ProFuN TG:A Tool for Programming and Managing Performance-Aware Sensor Network Applications

Sensor network macroprogramming methodologies such as the Abstract Task Graph hold the promise of enabling high-level sensor network application development. However, progress in this area is hampered by the scarcity of tools, and also because of insufficient focus on developing tool support for programming applications aware of performance requirements. We present ProFuN TG (Task Graph), a tool for designing sensor network applications using task graphs. ProFuN TG provides automated task mapping, sensor node firmware macrocompilation, application simulation, deployment, and runtime maintenance capabilities. It allows users to incorporate performance requirements in the applications, expressed through constraints on task-to-task dataflows. The tool includes middleware that uses an efficient flooding-based protocol to set up tasks in the network, and also enables runtime assurance by keeping track of the constraint conditions. We show that the adaptive task reallocation enabled by our approach can significantly increase application reliability while decreasing energy consumption: in a network with unreliable links, we achieve above 99.89 % task-to-task PDR while keeping the maximal radio duty cycle around 2.0 %

Comparative Analysis of European Examples of Freight Electric Vehicles Schemes—A Systematic Case Study Approach with Examples from Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK.

E-Mobility is a hot topic, in the public policy area as well as in business and scientific communities. Literature on electric freight transport is still relatively scarce. Urban freight transport is considered as one of the most promising fields of application of vehicle electrification, and there are on-going demonstration projects. This paper will discuss case study examples of electric freight vehicle initiatives in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK and identify enablers and barriers for common trends

Forecasting commodity futures using Principal Component Analysis and Copula

The ever ongoing battle to beat the market is in this thesis fought with the help of mathematics with a way to reduce the information to its core. It is called PCA, Principal Component Analysis. This is used to build a model of future commodity prices. To assist PCA, Copula is used - a sort of mathematical glue which can bring multiple distributions together and represented as one. The data used is 5 years of prices for Brent Oil, WTI Oil, Gold, Copper and Aluminium. The model parameters are tted to 2.5 years of data and then tested on the remaining 2.5 years. MLE, Maximum Likelihood Estimation, was used for parameter estimation and distributions that were found tting were logistic and Student's T distribution Cramer-von Mises tests were used to determine that T Copula was the most suitable Copula. The main results are that the mathematical estimations t well and prot can be generated, but with a low Sharpe Ratio.Introduktion Inom nansbranschen sa krigar handlare dagligen om att overlista deras ende - marknaden. Men, med dagens kommunikationsmedel sa blir handlarna overosta med information och for att kunna salla bland all den informationen - sa kan matematik anvandas. Denna studien forsoker ta ut den mest vitala informationen man kan fa fran historisk data - och bygga en modell av hur man tror priserna kommer att forandras. De matematiska hjalpmedlena som anvands kallas principalkomponentanalys och copula. For att sedan se hur val modellen utfaller, anvands framforallt tva handelsstrategier - "atergang till medelvarde" och "momentum". Historia Studien inriktar sig generellt pa ravaror och specikt pa olja, guld, koppar och aluminium. Sjalva handeln med ravaror stracker sig era artusenden tillbaka. Man far ga tillbaka till den summeriska civilisationen, cirka ar 4500-4000 f.kr., for att nna de forsta tecknen pa ravaruhandel. Da anvandes lertavlor for att visa pa exempelvis hur manga getter som skulle levereras vid en viss tidpunkt. Ravaruhandel Nufortiden slipper man skriva kontrakt pa lertavlor och en leverans av guld eller majs ar latt tillgangligt fran din dator. Det vanligaste sattet att handla med ravaror ar att anvanda en typ av kontrakt som kallas futures. Med dessa specieras exakt hur mycket av en viss ravara skall levereras pa en viss tidpunkt for ett visst pris. Priset varierar och beror framst pa utbud och efterfragan men mangden och tidpunkten for leverans forblir detsamma. Principalkomponentanalys Sjalva "sallandet av information" kallas i detta fall principalkomponentanalys. Denna analys gors for att fa ut de variabler som kan forklara hur prissvangningarna pa ravarorna sker. Variablerna optimeras pa den forsta halvan av datan och appliceras sedan pa den andra halvan. Denna metoden, da man optimerar pa forsta halvan och testar pa andra halvan, ar valdigt vanlig inom modellering av handelsstrategier. Detta da om man optimerar pa hela dataperioden, sa kan man latt "overoptimera" sina resultat och anpassa sin modell till det som har varit istallet for att forsoka skapa nagot som haller i framtiden. 1 Copula For att modellera de olika ravarornas priser sa anpassas de till olika slags fordelningar. Dessa fordelningar kan vara individuella for varje ravara och "klistras" sedan samman med copula. Det vill saga att man ser hur fordelningarna forhaller sig till varandra, hur de "klistras" samman. Detta klister kan man sedan anvanda for att forutspa framtida prissvangningar. Aterg ang till medelv arde En av de vanligaste handelsstrategierna som nns kallas pa engelska mean- reversion (atergang till medelvarde pa svenska). Denna strategin bygger pa att man tror att alla priser kommer att jamna ut sig till sist och aterga till det priset som det har varit(dess gamla medelvarde). Men, detta ar en strategi som inte tar nagon beaktan i de manskliga faktorer som kan nnas pa borser. Momentum Momentum ar den strategi som tar de mer mjuka vardena i beaktan, sasom vissa typer av ockbeteenden (folk koper nar andra koper och vice versa da folk saljer). Detta kanaterspeglas i matematik och ar i princip den motsatta strategin till "atergang till medelvarde". Men i studien balanserar dessa tva strategier varandra och beroende pa hur de historiska prissvangningarna har sett ut sa dominerar antingen den ena eller den andra strategin. Detta fram till da "copula-klistret" trader in. Da kan klistret bli den an mer dominerande faktorn och bestamma handelsstrategi. Resultat Da endast principalkomponentanalysen med sina tillhorande handelsstrategier "atergang till medelvarde" och momentum tas i beaktan sa genereras ingen vinst. Detta kan bero pa manga orsaker men som oftast i matematiken sa vill man utoka mangden data. Om studien gjorts pa er antal ravaror sa ar det mojligt att denna del visat ett battre resultat. Nar sedan "copulaklistret" blir en del av modellen, kan vinst genereras. Den ar huruvida inte sa stor men det forefaller att modellen har potential. Nar samtliga handelsstrategier har tagits i beaktan in i modellen sa visas alltsa att man kan tjana pengar pa modellen. Tankarna och iderna som modellen bygger pa kan alltsa forhoppningsvis hjalpa nagon handlare i slaget mot marknaden

A Search for Selectrons and Squarks at HERA

Data from electron-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 300 GeV are used for a search for selectrons and squarks within the framework of the minimal supersymmetric model. The decays of selectrons and squarks into the lightest supersymmetric particle lead to final states with an electron and hadrons accompanied by large missing energy and transverse momentum. No signal is found and new bounds on the existence of these particles are derived. At 95% confidence level the excluded region extends to 65 GeV for selectron and squark masses, and to 40 GeV for the mass of the lightest supersymmetric particle.Comment: 13 pages, latex, 6 Figure

Energy Flow in the Hadronic Final State of Diffractive and Non-Diffractive Deep-Inelastic Scattering at HERA

An investigation of the hadronic final state in diffractive and non--diffractive deep--inelastic electron--proton scattering at HERA is presented, where diffractive data are selected experimentally by demanding a large gap in pseudo --rapidity around the proton remnant direction. The transverse energy flow in the hadronic final state is evaluated using a set of estimators which quantify topological properties. Using available Monte Carlo QCD calculations, it is demonstrated that the final state in diffractive DIS exhibits the features expected if the interaction is interpreted as the scattering of an electron off a current quark with associated effects of perturbative QCD. A model in which deep--inelastic diffraction is taken to be the exchange of a pomeron with partonic structure is found to reproduce the measurements well. Models for deep--inelastic $ep$ scattering, in which a sizeable diffractive contribution is present because of non--perturbative effects in the production of the hadronic final state, reproduce the general tendencies of the data but in all give a worse description.Comment: 22 pages, latex, 6 Figures appended as uuencoded fil

Measurements of the branching fractions of B+→ppK+ decays

The branching fractions of the decay B+ → pp̄K+ for different intermediate states are measured using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb-1, collected by the LHCb experiment. The total branching fraction, its charmless component Mpp̄ < 2.85 GeV/c2 and the branching fractions via the resonant cc̄ states η c(1S) and ψ(2S) relative to the decay via a J/ψ intermediate state are [Equation not available: see fulltext.] Upper limits on the B + branching fractions into the η c(2S) meson and into the charmonium-like states X(3872) and X(3915) are also obtained

Measurement of the mass and lifetime of the Ωb−\Omega_b^- baryon

A proton-proton collision data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{-1}$ collected by LHCb at $\sqrt{s}=7$ and 8 TeV, is used to reconstruct $63\pm9$ $\Omega_b^-\to\Omega_c^0\pi^-$, $\Omega_c^0\to pK^-K^-\pi^+$ decays. Using the $\Xi_b^-\to\Xi_c^0\pi^-$, $\Xi_c^0\to pK^-K^-\pi^+$ decay mode for calibration, the lifetime ratio and absolute lifetime of the $\Omega_b^-$ baryon are measured to be \begin{align*} \frac{\tau_{\Omega_b^-}}{\tau_{\Xi_b^-}} &= 1.11\pm0.16\pm0.03, \\ \tau_{\Omega_b^-} &= 1.78\pm0.26\pm0.05\pm0.06~{\rm ps}, \end{align*} where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and from the calibration mode (for $\tau_{\Omega_b^-}$ only). A measurement is also made of the mass difference, $m_{\Omega_b^-}-m_{\Xi_b^-}$, and the corresponding $\Omega_b^-$ mass, which yields \begin{align*} m_{\Omega_b^-}-m_{\Xi_b^-} &= 247.4\pm3.2\pm0.5~{\rm MeV}/c^2, \\ m_{\Omega_b^-} &= 6045.1\pm3.2\pm 0.5\pm0.6~{\rm MeV}/c^2. \end{align*} These results are consistent with previous measurements.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-008.htm

Model-independent evidence for J/ψpJ/\psi p contributions to Λb0→J/ψpK−\Lambda_b^0\to J/\psi p K^- decays

The data sample of $\Lambda_b^0\to J/\psi p K^-$ decays acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8~TeV $pp$ collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{-1}$, is inspected for the presence of $J/\psi p$ or $J/\psi K^-$ contributions with minimal assumptions about $K^- p$ contributions. It is demonstrated at more than 9 standard deviations that $\Lambda_b^0\to J/\psi p K^-$ decays cannot be described with $K^- p$ contributions alone, and that $J/\psi p$ contributions play a dominant role in this incompatibility. These model-independent results support the previously obtained model-dependent evidence for $P_c^+\to J/\psi p$ charmonium-pentaquark states in the same data sample.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures (including the supplemental section added at the end

Study of charmonium production in b -hadron decays and first evidence for the decay Bs0

Using decays to φ-meson pairs, the inclusive production of charmonium states in b-hadron decays is studied with pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1, collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Denoting byBC ≡ B(b → C X) × B(C → φφ) the inclusive branching fraction of a b hadron to a charmonium state C that decays into a pair of φ mesons, ratios RC1C2 ≡ BC1 /BC2 are determined as Rχc0ηc(1S) = 0.147 ± 0.023 ± 0.011, Rχc1ηc(1S) =0.073 ± 0.016 ± 0.006, Rχc2ηc(1S) = 0.081 ± 0.013 ± 0.005,Rχc1 χc0 = 0.50 ± 0.11 ± 0.01, Rχc2 χc0 = 0.56 ± 0.10 ± 0.01and Rηc(2S)ηc(1S) = 0.040 ± 0.011 ± 0.004. Here and below the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.Upper limits at 90% confidence level for the inclusive production of X(3872), X(3915) and χc2(2P) states are obtained as RX(3872)χc1 < 0.34, RX(3915)χc0 < 0.12 andRχc2(2P)χc2 < 0.16. Differential cross-sections as a function of transverse momentum are measured for the ηc(1S) andχc states. The branching fraction of the decay B0s → φφφ is measured for the first time, B(B0s → φφφ) = (2.15±0.54±0.28±0.21B)×10−6. Here the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay B0s → φφ, which is used for normalization. No evidence for intermediate resonances is seen. A preferentially transverse φ polarization is observed.The measurements allow the determination of the ratio of the branching fractions for the ηc(1S) decays to φφ and p p asB(ηc(1S)→ φφ)/B(ηc(1S)→ p p) = 1.79 ± 0.14 ± 0.32