English as common legal language: Its expansion and the effects on civil law and common law lawyers

English has become the common language in a globalized legal world. However, the far-reaching consequences of the domination of key areas of the international practice of law by legal English are not yet fully understood and analysed. This article is concerned with an analysis of the expansion of legal English in global legal practice. This area has also been described as the ‘Law Market’, i.e. the area of activities of global lawyers in coping with the regulatory and legal frameworks in which international businesses function.’2 Much of the existing research into legal English as a common language is concerned with the development of legal English as a vehicle language for non-native English speakers in the sense of a lingua franca.3 The discussion is divided into either promoting the use of legal English as global language4 or pointing to its limitations ‘in that its legal terminology is premised on the tools of the (minority) common law system’5. This article aims to assess the interface and dynamics between lawyers using legal English as a common language as well as foreign languages in their legal work. This includes lawyers trained in the common law and/or civil law. Its aim is to gain a better understanding of global lawyering and communication in law and business relationships and to develop strategies for the internationalization of legal education and training in the UK

Chern-Simons Field Theory and Completely Integrable Systems

We show that the classical non-abelian pure Chern-Simons action is related in a natural way to completely integrable systems of the Davey-Stewartson hyerarchy, via reductions of the gauge connection in Hermitian spaces and by performing certain gauge choices. The B\"acklund Transformations are interpreted in terms of Chern-Simons equations of motion or, on the other hand, as a consistency condition on the gauge. A mapping with a nonlinear $\sigma$-model is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, Late

Review of A Hologram for the King by Dave Eggers

Review of A Hologram for the King by Dave Egger

A Dualist Account of Phenomenal Concepts

The phenomenal concept strategy is considered a powerful response to anti-physicalist arguments. This physicalist strategy aims to provide a satisfactory account of dualist intuitions without being committed to ontological dualist conclusions. In this paper I first argue that physicalist accounts of phenomenal concepts fail to explain their cognitive role. Second, I develop an encapsulation account of phenomenal concepts that best explains their particularities. Finally, I argue that the encapsulation account, which features self-representing experiences, implies non-physical referents. Therefore, the account of phenomenal concepts that has strong explanatory power does not explain away dualist intuitions—rather, it reinforces dualism

Price effects of VAT introduction in Croatia

This Occasional Paper is based on the research project “Analysis of the fiscal system of the Republic of Croatia at the introduction of value added tax” undertaken by the Institute of Public Finance and financed by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Croatia. Starting from the research project and the paper published in Croatian in the Institute’s journal “Financijska praksa”, Volume 20, Number 2 (August 1996) the revision of results was undertaken and presented in this Occasional Paper. The revision of original results was necessary because of changes in Croatian sales tax which were put in force after the Institute’s project has already been completed. The author of this paper is Martina Dalić (Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Croatia). The author thanks Danijel Nestić (Economics Institute, Zagreb), Saša Mađarević (Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Croatia), and Zdravka Barac and Zlatko Fabijančić (Tax Administration of the Republic of Croatia) for helpfully providing data and giving useful comments

The Important Role of Cosmic-Ray Re-Acceleration

In the last decades, the improvement of high energy instruments has enabled a deeper understanding of the Cosmic Ray origin issue. In particular, the gamma-ray satellites AGILE (Astrorivelatore Gamma ad Immagini LEggero) and Fermi-LAT (Fermi-Large Area Telescope) have strongly contributed to the confirmation of direct involvement of Supernova Remnants in Cosmic Ray energization. Despite several attempts to fit experimental data assuming the presence of freshly accelerated particles, the scientific community is now aware that the role of pre-existing Cosmic Ray re-acceleration cannot be neglected. In this work, we highlight the importance of pre-existing Cosmic Ray re-acceleration in the Galaxy showing its fundamental contribution in middle aged Supernova Remnant shocks and in the forward shock of stellar winds.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure