Effect of electro-activated brine solution on the migration of metallic ions from the cans to the product in sterilized canned sweet corn

Tinplate cans were used to study if electro-activated brine solution (EAS) is more corrosive than conventional one by ICP analysis. The results showed dif-ferent effects of EAS on cans, alone or filled with product. Acidic EAS (pH 2–3) and Redox +900 to +1200 mV highly reacted with the cans. The concen-trations of Zn, Fe, and Cu in the solution were 0.028, 28.81, and 0.022ppm, respectively. No Sn migration was observed in this case. When neutral or acidic chlorine-free EAS was used, no significant difference was observed in comparison with the corrosivity of standard NaCl brine. Alkaline EAS with pH>10 and negative E (≤−966mV) did not affect Zn, Fe, and Cu migration. However, it affected tin migration. Nevertheless, it is important to mention that even if some corrosion was observed, it was in the limit of the permitted level of concentration when the cans were filled with a product

An Improved Linear Programming Approach for Simultaneous Optimization of Water and Energy

An optimization method based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) has been developed for simultaneous optimization of water and energy (SOWE) in industrial processes. The superstructure integrates process thermal streams and optimizes the consumption of water while maximizing internal heat recovery to reduce thermal utility consumption. In this paper, additional concepts have been implemented in the superstructure to target the issues of the pulp and paper processes. Non-Isothermal Mixing (NIM) has been considered at different locations in order to reduce the number of thermal streams and decrease the investment cost by avoiding unnecessary investment on heat exchangers. The concepts of restricted matches and water tanks have been added to the superstructure to adapt it to the pulp and paper case studies. The Integer-Cut Constraint (ICC) technique has been combined with the MILP model to generate systematically a set of optimal solutions to support the decision-making for cost-effective configurations

A Rapid and Tunable Approach for the Fractionation of Technical Kraft Lignin

Reducing the heterogeneity of technical lignin is essential to obtain predictable and high-performance polymeric materials that are suitable for high-value applications. Organic solvents with different polarities and solubilities can be used to fractionate lignin and reduce the complexity and diversity of its chemical structure. Among the various solvents and solvent mixtures, acetone–water mixtures offer an energy-efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly means of lignin fractionation. In the present study, temperature-induced acetone–water fractionation was investigated to refine the properties of a technical softwood Kraft lignin, i.e., LignoBoost™ lignin. Relatively mild operating conditions were tested, namely, temperatures of 70–110 °C and autogenous pressure. A factorial experimental design was developed using the Design-Expert® software, and three factors (temperature, time, and acetone concentration) were investigated. It was found that temperature-induced fractionation could increase lignin homogeneity and maintain high lignin solubilization with a short processing time

Analyse hydrodynamique du ruissellement de particules grosses et denses a contre-courant d'une suspension de fines particules, a travers une colonne garnie

SIGLEINIST T 71639 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc