[症例報告]Small Cell Carcinoma of the Gallbladder Associated with an Ordinary Adenocarcinoma : A Mixed Type Tumor

A small cell carcinoma associated with an ordinary adenocarcinoma (mixed type tumor) of the gallbladder in a 49-year-old man is presented herein. Macroscopically, the gallbladder showed an annular, diffuse thickening of the body and fundus. The commonbile duct distal to the cystic duct was also segmentally constricted by infiltration of carcinoma. Microscopically, the tumor of the gallbladder was composed of two neoplastc components; an ordinary adenocarcinoma and a small cell carcinoma. The ordinary adenocarcinoma replaced the mucosa with invasion to the muscularis, while the small cell carcinoma revealed extensive spread with vascular invasion into the commonbile duct. Both tumors were partially intermingled with occasional transitional zones. Following pancreaticoduodenectomy, the patient had been placed on adjuvant chemotherapy, however expired with clinical manifestations of recurrence of carcinoma five months after surgery.論文http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_650

Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Ishium

Eosinophilic granuloma of the bone characterized by marked infiltration of eosinophilic cells was first reported by Finzi in 1929. Since that time nearly 200 papers appeared in literature on this disease by the present time. We have found this disease in the ishium of an asthmatic boy who revealed interesting findings, and are going to present this case

Accumulation of Ulva spp. (Chlorophyta) and other seaweed thalli on the shallow sea bottom of Hiroshima Bay (A preliminary survey)

広島湾奥部の大野瀬戸周辺の砂泥海底域で，小型底曳き網（ナマコ桁網）と潜水により，アオサ類等をはじめとする海藻類の堆積状況を調査した。38種の海藻・海草類が採集されたが，現存量では底曳き網による採集物の64～100％をアオサ類が占めていた。アオサ類は水深5m以浅で最も多く採集され，砂浜・干潟に連続する海底勾配の緩やかな浅海底がアオサ類の増殖帯になっていると考えられた。Biomass of Ulva spp. (Chlorophyta) causing ‘green tide’ and other seaweeds accumulated on shallow sea bottom in inner area of Hiroshima Bay was estimated by trawl-net and SCUBA surveys. Thirty-eight species of seaweed and seagrass was sampled, but Ulva spp. was dominant occupying 64-100 % in biomass of all samples. Ulva spp. was sampled most abundantly at the stations shallower than 5 m, and it was indicated that sea bottom with a gentle slope, and located offshore of sandy beaches or tidal-flats offers a suitable condition for Ulva growth

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target