The average trunk diameter distribution rows in the natural diameter classes with considering of the tree quality categories and methods of their use for the rated cutting area commodification

The article presents of the stem diameter distri bution rows in the natural diameter classes with considering of the trees quality categories. These rows are formed of six main tree species in Belarus: pine, spruce, oak, birch, black alder and aspen. The use of such series together with the assortment tables allows you to commodification of the rated cutting without the use of timber quality tables. Method of calculation is described in detail. To perform this operation it is necessary for each element of forest in the stand to know the average diamet er and height, absolute or relative density, and the proportion of merchantability trunks or class quality of wood. For the case where the proportion of the merchantability trunks don’t known, but there is only class quality of wood, the article presents the average percentage of merchantability trunks depending on the species and class quality of wood. Present method of fitting the series averaged distribu tion of the natural thickness steps of the concrete forest element preserves all the relationships that occur between the total number of trees, the number of merchantability and fuel trunks on the diameter clsass and for the whole element of forest

The technical and economic maturity of spruce stands

Multipurpose use of forests determines the need of the organization comprehensive forestry and reasonable, continuous, inexhaustible, rational and ba lanced forest harvesting. Standard of forest cutting is cutting age. The most important factor influencing the cutting age is the maturity age. In our article the analysis possible losses from late delivery of stands in the cutting on the basis of the technical and economic maturity. The ag e of this maturity determined by some growth tables of spruce stands on site index. After calculation the average increase of large and medium timber, but also the average increase of the cost of the wood volume is defined age of maximum the both increase using the methods at smoothing the empirical dependences. To calculate a possible loss of forest harvesting was used the growth tables of modal stands of V. F. Baginskiy. The use of modal tables in calculation will correspond to the r eal state of forest fund. As a result of calculation we can conclusion those minimum losses in exploitable forests for the most beneficial growing conditions occur in the beginning of the age of maturity, with the increase the site index increases the cutting age with minimum losses, which can reach a maturity senior class. The economic ma turity begins about 10 years later than technical maturity. This is due to the fact that the age of economic maturity affects the quality of the timber. The use of these materials will evaluate the plan of cutting and minimize losses in his planning

Study of OH• Radicals in Human Serum Blood of Healthy Individuals and Those with Pathological Schizophrenia

The human body is constantly under attack from free radicals that occur as part of normal cell metabolism, and by exposure to environmental factors such as UV light, cigarette smoke, environmental pollutants and gamma radiation. The resulting “Reactive Oxygen Species” (ROS) circulate freely in the body with access to all organs and tissues, which can have serious repercussions throughout the body. The body possesses a number of mechanisms both to control the production of ROS and to cope with free radicals in order to limit or repair damage to tissues. Overproduction of ROS or insufficient defense mechanisms leads to a dangerous disbalance in the organism. Thereby several pathomechanisms implicated in over 100 human diseases, e.g., cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, physiological disease, aging, etc., can be induced. Thus, a detailed investigation on the quantity of oxygen radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals (OH•) in human serum blood, and its possible correlation with antioxidant therapy effects, is highly topical. The subject of this study was the influence of schizophrenia on the amount of OH• in human serum blood. The radicals were detected by fluorimetry, using terephthalic acid as a chemical trap. For all experiments the serum blood of healthy people was used as a control group

SRPES and STM data for the model bimetallic Pd In HOPG catalysts Effects of mild post synthesis oxidative treatments

Post synthesis treatment of bimetallic catalysts in different gas phases resulting in the adsorption induced segregation is among promising approaches to enhance their activity not compromising selectivity towards a number of low temperature reactions. Our recently published paper M.A. Panafidin, A.V. Bukhtiyarov, I.P. Prosvirin, I.A. Chetyrin, A.Yu. Klyushin, A. Knop Gericke, N.S. Smirnova, P.V. Markov, I.S. Mashkovsky, Y.V. Zubavichus, A.Yu. Stakheev, V.I. Bukhtiyarov, A mild post synthesis oxidative treatment of Pd In HOPG bimetallic catalysts as a tool of their surface structure fine tuning. Appl. Surf. Sci. reports on Pd In intermetallic formation regularities and their evolution after storage in air as well as during treatment in oxygen at submillibar pressures. The current paper gives an extended representation of experimental ex situ in situ synchrotron based photoelectron spectroscopy SRPES and scanning tunnelling microscopy STM data used to derive scientific conclusions in the paper quoted abov

Designing of uniform forest use within combined calculation units

The article describes a technique of even forest use designing in combined units of calculation, which allows you to make use more uniform provided all the requirements for the annual allowable cut. It is recommended in the design process to take into account the total throughout the facility level of equal use for forest species, which is defined as the sum of the cutting areas of equal use for all groups and categories of protection of forests. It is proposed to design the size of the main use of forests to car-ry out for each species as a whole for the first group of forests, as this production management section (potential for exploitation) combines a single cutting age. Then the draft must be adjusted so that the total cutting area on both groups of forest should be close to a uniform level of use. It is necessary to ensure compliance with all the requirements for the annual allowable cut. Using the design of these condsolidated and combined units of calculation gives you more room to maneuver and enables projects with greater uniformity of forest management. The above technique of designing the size of the main forest use is illustrated by an example of the formation of long-term project of the size of the forest in Pukhovichi forestry