Positive and Negative Output Circuits

Trigger circuit has a fixed positive output in the on state and a fixed negative output in the off state. The amplitude of the positive and negative pulses may be independently chosen

Uniform exponential ergodicity of stochastic dissipative systems

We study ergodic properties of stochastic dissipative systems with additive noise. We show that the system is uniformly exponentially ergodic provided the growth of nonlinearity at infinity is faster than linear. The abstract result is applied to the stochastic reaction diffusion equation in $\mathbb R^d$ with $d\le 3$.Comment: 16 page

Lower estimates of transition densities and bounds on exponential ergodicity for stochastic PDE's

A formula for the transition density of a Markov process defined by an infinite-dimensional stochastic equation is given in terms of the Ornstein--Uhlenbeck bridge and a useful lower estimate on the density is provided. As a consequence, uniform exponential ergodicity and $V$-ergodicity are proved for a large class of equations. We also provide computable bounds on the convergence rates and the spectral gap for the Markov semigroups defined by the equations. The bounds turn out to be uniform with respect to a large family of nonlinear drift coefficients. Examples of finite-dimensional stochastic equations and semilinear parabolic equations are given.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117905000000800 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Electronically commutated dc motors for electric vehicles

A motor development program to explore the feasibility of electronically commutated dc motors (also known as brushless) for electric cars is described. Two different design concepts and a number of design variations based on these concepts are discussed. One design concept is based on a permanent magnet, medium speed, machine rated at 7000 to 9000 rpm, and powered via a transistor inverter power conditioner. The other concept is based on a permanent magnet, high speed, machine rated at 22,000 to 26,000 rpm, and powered via a thyristor inverter power conditioner. Test results are presented for a medium speed motor and a high speed motor each of which have been fabricated using samarium cobalt permanent magnet material

Listeners normalize speech for contextual speech rate even without an explicit recognition task

Speech can be produced at different rates. Listeners take this rate variation into account by normalizing vowel duration for contextual speech rate: An ambiguous Dutch word /m?t/ is perceived as short /mAt/ when embedded in a slow context, but long /ma:t/ in a fast context. Whilst some have argued that this rate normalization involves low-level automatic perceptual processing, there is also evidence that it arises at higher-level cognitive processing stages, such as decision making. Prior research on rate-dependent speech perception has only used explicit recognition tasks to investigate the phenomenon, involving both perceptual processing and decision making. This study tested whether speech rate normalization can be observed without explicit decision making, using a cross-modal repetition priming paradigm. Results show that a fast precursor sentence makes an embedded ambiguous prime (/m?t/) sound (implicitly) more /a:/-like, facilitating lexical access to the long target word "maat" in a (explicit) lexical decision task. This result suggests that rate normalization is automatic, taking place even in the absence of an explicit recognition task. Thus, rate normalization is placed within the realm of everyday spoken conversation, where explicit categorization of ambiguous sounds is rare