The effect of Iranian and non-Iranian atenolol tablets in hypertensive patients.

پرفشاری خون یکی از مهمترین عوامل خطرساز بیماریهای قلبی عروقی است. بتابلوکرها و دیورتیکهای تیازیدی بدلیل نقش آنها در کاهش موربیدیتی و مورتالیتی قلبی عروقی، بعنوان اولین داروی انتخابی در بسیاری از مطالعات بررسی شده‌اند هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه اثر درمانی آتنولول بعنوان شایعترین بتابلوکر توصیه شده به بیماران پرفشاری خون در اصفهان از دو شرکت تولید داخلی و خارج از ایران می‌باشد. این مطالعه یک پژوهش نیمه تجربی دو سویه کور بر روی بیماران پرفشاری خون شهرستان اصفهانک از توابع استان اصفهان می‌باشد که بصورت تصادفی بعد ازسه هفته عدم مصرف دارو در دو گروه mg50 قرص آتنولول ساخت شرکت داروپخش ایران ( 100 نفر)و mg50 قرص آتنولول خارجی ( 100 نفر) در شرایط درسوکور قرار گرفتند . طول درمان 3 ماه بود که هر هفته بیماران از نظر فشارخون سیستول و دیاستول و تعداد ضربان قلبی مورد ارزیابی قرار می‌گرفتند. فشارخون سیستول نسبت به قبل از شروع درمان در گروه مورد (آتنولول ساخت شرکت داروپخش ایران) و شاهد (اتنولول خارجی) به ترتیب در ماه اول 1821- و 52/216/28- میلی‌متر جیوه، ماه دوم 1623- و 2122/29- میلی‌متر جیوه و ماه ســــوم 4/1534/26- و 2/215/30- میلی‌متر جیوه کاهش یافت که تفاوت معنی‌داری از نظر آماری بین دو گروه در هر مقطع زمانی مشاهده شد. همچنین تغییرات فشـــــارخون دیاستول به ترتیب در ماه اول 01/992/12- و 07/839/7- میلی‌متر جیوه و ماه دوم 12/86/12 ، 5/787/7- میلی‌متر جیـــــوه و ماه سوم 5/82/13- و 8/81/8- میلی‌متر جیوه گزارش شده که از نظر آماری دردو ماه أخر تفاوت معنی‌دار بود. تفاوت معنی‌داری از نظر تغییرات ضربان قلب بین دو گروه و در طول مدت مطالعه مشاهده نشد. (05/0 P>) آنچه از نتایج این مطالعه بدست آمده بیانگر کارآیی کنترل و درمان هر دو داروی آتنولول ساخت شرکت داروپخش ایران و خارجی در بیماری پرفشاری خون می‌باشد و البته این مطالعه نشان داد آتنولول خارجی نسبت به نوع مشابه داخلی‌اش سرعت اثر بیشتری در کنترل فشارخون سیستولیک دارد ولی قرص آتنولول ساخت شرکت داروپخش ایران باعث کاهش بیشتری در فشارخون دیاستولیک می‌گردد از طرفی درمان با داروی ایرانی دربیماران با فشار خون متوسط سبب کنترل فشارخون در سطح مطلوب می شود

Ten yaers trend of hypertension in over 18 years old persons in Isfahan

زمینه و هدف: مطالعات گوناگون نشان داده کنترل پرفشاری خون منجر به کاهش حوادث عروق مغزی به میزان 40-35 و سکته قلبی 25-20 و بیش از 50 کاهش در نارسایی قلب می‌شود. این مطالعه چگونگی روند ده ساله فشارخون در افراد بالاتر از 18سال، نحوه تغییرات در شیوع فشارخون، میانگین فشار خون سیستولیک، میانگین فشارخون دیاستولیک و میزان آگاهی از درمان و کنترل بیماران در شهر اصفهان را نشان داد. روش مطالعه: این مطالعه شامل سه پژوهش مقطعی - اپیدمیولوژی بوده که در طی ده سال یعنی سالهای 1371، 1377 و 1380 بر روی جمعیت شهر اصفهان انجام گرفته است هر 3 مطالعه به بررسی شیوع پرفشاری خون و نیز برخی عوامل مانند میزان آگاهی، درمان و کنترل در بیماران پرفشاری خون پرداخته است. روش نمونه گیری در همه مطالعات بصورت خوشه‌ای- تصادفی و با مراجعه به محل زندگی و دعوت آنها به کلینیک فشار خون مرکز تحقیقات قلب و عروق بوده است. کلیه افراد زن و مرد تحت مطالعه از سنین 18 سال به بالا انتخاب شدند که بعد از جمع آوری داده‌ها، وارد رایانه شده و تحت برنامه آماری آنالیز توصیفی - تحلیلی و t-test قرار گرفتند و برای مطالعه نهایی از روش متا آنالیز استفاده شد. نتایج: شیوع پرفشاری خون از سال 1371 تا 1380 رو به کاهش بوده است و از 8/31 درصد در سال 1371 به 5/17 درصد در سال 1380 رسیده است ولی در افراد بالاتر از 60 سال شیوع فشارخون کاهش معنی داری نداشته است. این روند کاهش در زنان و مردان اختلاف معنی داری نداشته است. میانگین فشارخون سیستولیک (SBP) و دیاستولیک (DBP) در مردان به ترتیب از 2/132 و 5/89 میلی‌متر جیوه در سال 1371 به 8/116 و 8/73 میلی‌متر جیوه در سال 1379 کاهش یافته، همچنین این میزان در زنان به ترتیب از 07/133 و 2/88 میلی‌متر جیوه به 7/113 و 8/72 میلی‌متر جیوه کاهش یافته است. در طی این سه مطالعه، درصد افرادی که از بیماری پرفشاری خود مطلع بودند از 28 در سال 1371 به 1/50 در سال 1380 رسیده است و درصد افرادی که جهت درمان بیماری خود مراجعه کرده بودند، از 23 به 9/33 و میزان کنترل از 8/2 به 12 افزایش یافت که در این مدت بهبود میزان کنترل پرفشاری خون در زنان (3/13) از مردان (3/4) بیشتر بوده است (05/0

Evaluation of seismic performance of mid-rise reinforced concrete frames subjected to far-field and near-field ground motions

Damages to buildings affected by a near-fault strong ground motion are largely attributed to the vertical component of the earthquake resulting in column failures, which could lead to disproportionate building catastrophic collapse in a progressive fashion. Recently, considerable interests are awakening to study effects of earthquake vertical components on structural responses. In this study, detailed modeling and time-history analyses of a 12-story code-conforming reinforced concrete moment frame building carrying the gravity loads, and exposed to once only the horizontal component of, and second time simultaneously the horizontal and vertical components of an ensemble of far-field and near-field earthquakes are conducted. Structural responses inclusive of tension, compression and its fluctuations in columns, the ratio of shear demand to capacity in columns and peak mid-span moment demand in beams are compared with and without the presence of the vertical component of earthquake records. The influences of the existence of earthquake vertical component in both exterior and interior spans are separately studied. Thereafter, the correlation between the increase of demands induced by the vertical component of the earthquake and the ratio of a set of earthquake record characteristic parameters is investigated. It is shown that uplift initiation and the magnitude of tensile forces developed in corner columns are relatively more critical. Presence of vertical component of earthquake leads to a drop in minimum compressive force and initiation of tension in columns. The magnitude of this reduction in the most critical case is recorded on average 84% under near-fault ground motions. Besides, the presence of earthquake vertical components increases the shear capacity required in columns, which is at most 31%. In the best case, a direct correlation of 95% between the increase of the maximum compressive force and the ratio of vertical to horizontal effective peak acceleration (EPA) is observed

Optimal Vibration Control in Structures using Level set Technique

Vibration control is inevitable in many fields, including mechanical and civil engineering. This matter becomes more crucial for lightweight systems, like those made of magnesium. One of the most commonly practiced methods in vibration control is to apply constrained layer damping (CLD) patches to the surface of a structure. In order to consider the weight efficiency of the structure, the best shape and locations of the patches should be determined to achieve the optimum vibration suppression with the lowest amount of damping patch. In most research work done so far, the shape of patches are assumed to be known and only their optimum locations are found. However, the shape of the patches plays an important role in vibration suppression that should be included in the overall optimization procedure. In this research, a novel topology optimization approach is proposed. This approach is capable of finding the optimum shape and locations of the patches simultaneously for a given surface area. In other words, the damping optimization will be formulated in the context of the level set technique, which is a numerical method used to track shapes and locations concurrently. Although level set technique offers several key benefits, its application especially in time-varying problems is somewhat cumbersome. To overcome this issue, a unique programming technique is suggested that utilizes MATLAB© and COMSOL© simultaneously. Different 2D structures will be considered and CLD patches will be optimally located on them to achieve the highest modal loss factor. Optimization will be performed while having different amount of damping patches to check the effectiveness of the technique. In all cases, certain constraints are imposed in order to make sure that the amount of damping material remains constant and equal to the starting value. Furthermore, different natural frequencies will be targeted in the damping optimization, and their effects will also be explained. The level set optimization technique will then be expanded to 3D structures, and a novel approach will be presented for defining an efficient 4D level set function to initialize the optimization process. Vibrations of a satellite dish will be optimally suppressed using CLD patches. Dependency of the optimum shape and location of patches to different parameters of the models such as natural frequencies and initial starting point will be examined. In another practical example, excessive vibrations of an automotive dash panel will be minimized by adding damping materials and their optimal distribution will be found. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method will be experimentally confirmed through lab tests on a rectangular plate with nonsymmetrical boundary conditions. Different damping configurations, including the optimum one, will be tested. It will be shown that the optimum damping configuration found via level set technique possesses the highest loss factor and reveals the best vibration attenuation. The proposed level set topology optimization method shows high capability of determining the optimum damping set in structures. The effective coding method presented in this research will make it possible to easily extend this method to other physical problems such as image processing, heat transfer, magnetic fields, etc. Being interconnected, the physical part will be modeled in a finite element package like COMSOL and the optimization advances by means of Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation. Thus, the application of the proposed method is not confined to damping optimization and can be expanded to many engineering problems. In summary, this research: - offers general solution to 2D and 3D CLD applications and simultaneously finds the best shape and location of the patches for a given surface area (damping material); - extends the level set technique to concurrent shape and location optimization; - proposes a new numerical implementation to handle level set optimization problems in any complicated structure; - makes it possible to perform level set optimization in time dependent problems; - extends level set approach to higher order problems

Identifying the Dimensions of the Design-Oriented Approach to Organizational Change Acceptance in Tehran Bus Company

Organizational change does not take place without introduction. The drivers of change usually derive from the organizational environment or market. These drivers include things like competitors' bold moves, new technology with changing government regulations, and manager's inefficiency can be a driver for change in the organization. The purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions of the design-oriented approach to organizational change in Tehran Bus Company. The statistical population of the study is the experts of Tehran Bus Company. The data collection tool was an interview that identified the dimensions of the model using the view of 20experts and the grounded approach. Interviews have been coded using MAXQDA software. The results of open coding of qualitative data collected using interview tool showed that 141 open codes out of 374 concepts were identified. 23 main categories and 24 subcategories are categorized. The central category in this research is the acceptance of organizational change. Causal conditions based on the trust-building of experience of previous changes, environmental requirements, organizational requirements, motivational system, about leaders to strategic change management, selection and appointment of managers and employees, investment in human resources, public relations, organizational communication, monitoring and feedback, executive performance of manager, about background conditions, considerations related to infrastructure and financial resources, considerations related to organizational culture, considerations related to organizational structure, considerations related to organizational climate, intervention conditions, on the support of stakeholders and people outside the organization, characteristics of managers, characteristics of human resources, networking, outcomes and results, on the promotion of social capital, satisfaction resulting from change, has been mentioned

Comparing the Presence of Researchers of Medical Universities of Western Provinces of Iran on ResearchGate and Scopus

The aim of the present study was to compare the presence of researchers of Medical Universities of Western Provinces of Iran (i.e., Kurdistan, Hamadan, Kermanshah, and Ilam) on ResearchGate and Scopus using altmetric approach. This research also aimed to identify the significant difference between the Scopus indicators and the altmetric indicators of ResearchGate. The statistical population of this research consists of the researchers from University of Medical Sciences in Kurdistan, Hamadan, Kermanshah and Ilam with indexed documents in Scopus and affiliated with ResearchGate that were compared and reviewed by the author's work on ResearchGate. According to Scopus, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences had the highest average number of documents, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences has the highest average h-index, and Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences had the highest average citation count. Based on the number of publications, Ilam University of Medical Sciences had the highest average, based on the ResearchGate Score (RG Score), Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences had the highest score and based on the following and followers indicators, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences received the highest score. Increasing the number of documents uploaded on ResearchGate will increase the citations in Scopus and, consequently, the h-index will increase

Comparing the Presence of Researchers of Medical Universities of Western Provinces of Iran on ResearchGate and Scopus

The aim of the present study was to compare the presence of researchers of Medical Universities of Western Provinces of Iran (i.e., Kurdistan, Hamadan, Kermanshah, and Ilam) on ResearchGate and Scopus using altmetric approach. This research also aimed to identify the significant difference between the Scopus indicators and the altmetric indicators of ResearchGate. The statistical population of this research consists of the researchers from University of Medical Sciences in Kurdistan, Hamadan, Kermanshah and Ilam with indexed documents in Scopus and affiliated with ResearchGate that were compared and reviewed by the author's work on ResearchGate. According to Scopus, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences had the highest average number of documents, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences has the highest average h-index, and Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences had the highest average citation count. Based on the number of publications, Ilam University of Medical Sciences had the highest average, based on the ResearchGate Score (RG Score), Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences had the highest score and based on the following and followers indicators, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences received the highest score. Increasing the number of documents uploaded on ResearchGate will increase the citations in Scopus and, consequently, the h-index will increase

Post-operative effects of Oral Midazolam versus Hydroxyzine on Ketamine Intravenously Sedated children

Objectives The aim of this clinical trial was to compare the effects of oral Midazolam with oral Hydroxyzine on post sedation using IV Ketaminein children.Methods This single blind cross over clinical trial, was conducted on 25 children aged 2-6 years of ASA I and definitely negative by Frankl behavioral scale. Participants were divided into two groups: Group I received hydroxyzine syrup premed at the first session and midazolam oral at the 2nd visit. Group II received the premed in the opposite order. Vital signs, were recorded sedation depth, recovery and discharge status and compared potential adverse effects of sedative drugs were checked and recorded including sleepiness, nausea and vomiting, vertigo at 1stand 6th hours of discharge. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS V 20 using Repeated Measures ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests.Results No significant differences were noticeable between two groups when vital signs, were compared in addition to response to drugs, working time, sleepiness, nausea and vomiting rates. However, there was a significant difference between groups in the incidence of vertigo one hour post operatively with higher prevalence in the Hydroxyzine group. (P=0.022)Conclusion Under the circumstances of this study, no significant difference was found between the two regimen groups, but vertigo was appeared as being higher after the first hour in the Hydroxyzine group