Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Citric Acid by Aqueous Extract of Piper Nigrum

The inhibition efficiency (IE) of an aqueous extract of Piper Nigrum L. in controlling corrosion of mild steel at pH 12 has been evaluated by weight loss method in the absence and presence of inhibitor in citric acid medium at different concentration. The result showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of these compounds was found to vary with the different concentration at two hour time interval at room temperature. Also, it was found that the corrosion inhibition behaviour of Piper Nigrum L. is greater in 2 N Citric acid than 1 N Citric acid medium. So Piper Nigrum L. can be used has a good inhibitor for preventing mild steel material which is used in many construction purpose

A Study of Mild Steel Corrosion Using Adhatoda Vasica

Corrosion behavior of mild steel in acidic medium using Adhatoda Vasica (AV) extract was investigated. The inhibitive effective of Adhatoda Vasica on the corrosion of mild steel in different acidic medium has been studied by weight loss and polarization methods. The Ecorr values are shifted slightly towards negative side in presence of inhibitors which indicate the inhibitors inhibit the corrosion of mild steel in acids solution by controlling both anodic and cathodic reactions due to the blocking of active sites on the metal surface. It is evident that inhibitors bring about considerable polarization of the cathode as well as anode. It was, therefore, inferred that the inhibitive action is of mixed type

Influence of Formazan Derivatives on Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium

Formazan of benzaldehyde (FB) and formazan of p-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde (FD) were synthesized. These compounds were studied as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1.11 N hydrochloric acid by weight loss method. The result showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of these compounds was found to vary with the temperature and acid concentration. Also, it was found that the corrosion inhibition behaviour of FD is greater than that of FB. The kinetic treatment of the results gave first order kinetics. The relative corrosion inhibition efficiency of these compounds has been explained on the basis of structure dependent - electron donor properties of the inhibitors

Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Citric Acid by Aqueous Extract of Piper Nigrum L

Abstract: The inhibition efficiency (IE) of an aqueous extract of Piper Nigrum L. in controlling corrosion of mild steel at pH 12 has been evaluated by weight loss method in the absence and presence of inhibitor in citric acid medium at different concentration. The result showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of these compounds was found to vary with the different concentration at two hour time interval at room temperature. Also, it was found that the corrosion inhibition behaviour of Piper Nigrum L. is greater in 2 N Citric acid than 1 N Citric acid medium. So Piper Nigrum L. can be used has a good inhibitor for preventing mild steel material which is used in many construction purpose

Increasing frailty is associated with higher prevalence and reduced recognition of delirium in older hospitalised inpatients: results of a multi-centre study

Purpose Delirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder delineated by an acute change in cognition, attention, and consciousness. It is common, particularly in older adults, but poorly recognised. Frailty is the accumulation of deficits conferring an increased risk of adverse outcomes. We set out to determine how severity of frailty, as measured using the CFS, affected delirium rates, and recognition in hospitalised older people in the United Kingdom. Methods Adults over 65 years were included in an observational multi-centre audit across UK hospitals, two prospective rounds, and one retrospective note review. Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), delirium status, and 30-day outcomes were recorded. Results The overall prevalence of delirium was 16.3% (483). Patients with delirium were more frail than patients without delirium (median CFS 6 vs 4). The risk of delirium was greater with increasing frailty [OR 2.9 (1.8–4.6) in CFS 4 vs 1–3; OR 12.4 (6.2–24.5) in CFS 8 vs 1–3]. Higher CFS was associated with reduced recognition of delirium (OR of 0.7 (0.3–1.9) in CFS 4 compared to 0.2 (0.1–0.7) in CFS 8). These risks were both independent of age and dementia. Conclusion We have demonstrated an incremental increase in risk of delirium with increasing frailty. This has important clinical implications, suggesting that frailty may provide a more nuanced measure of vulnerability to delirium and poor outcomes. However, the most frail patients are least likely to have their delirium diagnosed and there is a significant lack of research into the underlying pathophysiology of both of these common geriatric syndromes