Text and Time:A Functional Approach to the Biblical Hebrew Verbal System

Die vorliegende Arbeit greift die neuesten Entwicklungen in der Erforschung des biblisch-hebräischen Verbalsystems auf. Da die Ergebnisse der letzten großen Einzeluntersuchungen einerseits stark divergieren, sich andererseits aber auf das gleiche linguistische Rahmenwerk berufen – nämlich die grundlegenden Definitionen der Begriffe „Tempus“ und „Aspekt“ von B. Comrie -, hinterfragt diese Untersuchung die entsprechenden Vorgaben und gelangt zu präziseren Definitionen, die sodann auf das hebräische Verbalsystem angewendet werden. Auch das dritte Mitglied von TAM-Systemen, die Modalität, findet gebührende Beachtung.This essay deals with the latest developments concerning the research of the Biblical Hebrew Verbal System. As the results of recent studies diverge widely, this paper asks for the sustainability of the applied methods and the underlying linguistic framework. The alternative concept presented in this book is strictly functional, based on the redefinition of the most discussed categories of time analysis, i.e. tense and aspect. The third member of TAM systems, mood, is also included in this treatment

Role of MHC-I Expression on Spinal Motoneuron Survival and Glial Reactions Following Ventral Root Crush in Mice

Lesions to the CNS/PNS interface are especially severe, leading to elevated neuronal degeneration. In the present work, we establish the ventral root crush model for mice, and demonstrate the potential of such an approach, by analyzing injury evoked motoneuron loss, changes of synaptic coverage and concomitant glial responses in β2-microglobulin knockout mice (β2m KO). Young adult (8–12 weeks old) C57BL/6J (WT) and β2m KO mice were submitted to a L4–L6 ventral roots crush. Neuronal survival revealed a time-dependent motoneuron-like cell loss, both in WT and β2m KO mice. Along with neuronal loss, astrogliosis increased in WT mice, which was not observed in β2m KO mice. Microglial responses were more pronounced during the acute phase after lesion and decreased over time, in WT and KO mice. At 7 days after lesion β2m KO mice showed stronger Iba-1+ cell reaction. The synaptic inputs were reduced over time, but in β2m KO, the synaptic loss was more prominent between 7 and 28 days after lesion. Taken together, the results herein demonstrate that ventral root crushing in mice provides robust data regarding neuronal loss and glial reaction. The retrograde reactions after injury were altered in the absence of functional MHC-I surface expression

Can Double PPO Mutations Exist in the Same Allele and are Such Mutants Functional?

BACKGROUND Resistance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides is endowed primarily by target-site mutations at the PPX2 gene that compromise binding of the herbicide to the catalytic domain. In Amaranthus spp. PPX2, the most prevalent target mutations are deletion of the G210 codon, and the R128G and G339A substitutions. These mutations strongly affect the dynamic of the PPO2 binding pocket, resulting in reduced affinity with the ligand. Here we investigated the likelihood of co-occurrence of the most widespread target site mutations in the same PPX2 allele. RESULTS Plants carrying R128G+/+ ΔG210+/−, where + indicates presence of the mutation, were crossed with each other. The PPX2 of the offspring was subjected to pyrosequencing and E. coli-based Sanger sequencing to determine mutation frequencies and allele co-occurrence. The data show that R128G ΔG210 can occur in one allele only; the second allele carries only one mutation. Double mutation in both alleles is less likely because of significant loss of enzyme activity. The segregation of offspring populations derived from a cross between heterozygous plants carrying ΔG210 G399A also showed no co-occurrence in the same allele. The offspring exhibited the expected mutation distribution patterns with few exceptions. CONCLUSIONS Homozygous double-mutants are not physiologically viable. Double-mutant plants can only exist in a heterozygous state. Alternatively, if two mutations are detected in one plant, each mutation would occur in a separate allele

REVISITANDO (NOSSAS) TRAJETÓRIAS EM LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA CRÍTICA

Resumo: A partir de uma revisão da literatura em diálogo com nossos trajetos enquanto estudiosos/a da área de conhecimento, o objetivo deste artigo é, primeiramente, delinear o avanço da Linguística Aplicada Crítica (Doravante LAC) como campo de pesquisa de foro próprio e independente da Linguística e da Linguística Aplicada. Para isso, compartilhamos nossas experiências e trajetórias científicas, observando evoluções e trajetos do/no campo científico da linguagem em diferentes perspectivas e contextos, e buscando desmistificar certos estereótipos que circundam a LAC, na pretensão de torná-la uma mera “aplicação linguística”. Trazendo uma perspectiva crítica-decolonial, sinalizamos o caráter inter/transdiscisplinar da área, sua evolução articulada ao exame de problemas de linguagem no mundo real e, por fim, apresentamos alguns caminhos por nós percorridos sobre os estudos de gênero e sexualidade.   Palavras-chave: Linguística. Linguística Aplicada. Linguística Aplicada Crítica. Linguagem

APLICAÇÃO DA FERRAMENTA DA QUALIDADE KAISEN EM UMA METALÚRGICA PARA MANUFATURA DE TORRES EÓLICAS

Este trabalho apresenta a aplicação de ferramentas da qualidade na busca de melhoria contínua e redução de erros na área de soldagem para manufatura de torres eólicas, que apresentava alto índice de retrabalhos. Assim o projeto de melhoria contínua foi dividido em: pré-Kaisen, onde foram levantadas, abordadas e discutidas todas as falhas e possíveis causas de erros, através da formação de equipes, utilização de ferramentas de apontamento como Pareto e diagrama de Ishikawa e Brainstorming; na etapa Kaisen, as causas foram abordadas e solucionadas, com as propostas das equipes formadas no pré-Kaisen, utilizando técnicas de Brainstorming e 5W2H. Ao final das aplicações e correções de problemas estruturais e organizacionais, foi reduzido em quatro meses o índice de retrabalho, provocados por má qualidade de solda, de 73,00 para 18,70%, mostrando a eficácia das ferramentas de qualidade e diminuindo o custo de produção do produto

Involvement of Glutamine Synthetase 2 (\u3ci\u3eGS2\u3c/i\u3e) Amplification and Overexpression in \u3ci\u3eAmaranthus palmeri\u3c/i\u3e Resistance to Glufosinate

Amaranthus palmeri has recently evolved resistance to glufosinate herbicide. Several A. palmeri populations from Missouri and Mississippi, U.S.A. had survivors when sprayed with glufosinate-ammonium (GFA, 657 g ha−1). One population, MO#2 (fourfold resistant) and its progeny (sixfold resistant), were used to study the resistance mechanism, focusing on the herbicide target glutamine synthetase (GS). We identified four GS genes in A. palmeri; three were transcribed: one coding for the plastidic protein (GS2) and two coding for cytoplasmic isoforms (GS1.1 and GS1.2). These isoforms did not contain mutations associated with resistance. The 17 glufosinate survivors studied showed up to 21-fold increase in GS2 copies. GS2 was expressed up to 190-fold among glufosinate survivors. GS1.1 was overexpressed \u3e twofold in only 3 of 17, and GS1.2 in 2 of 17 survivors. GS inhibition by GFA causes ammonia accumulation in susceptible plants. Ammonia level was analyzed in 12 F1 plants. GS2 expression was negatively correlated with ammonia level (r =  – 0.712); therefore, plants with higher GS2 expression are less sensitive to GFA. The operating efficiency of photosystem II (ϕPSII) of Nicotiana benthamiana overexpressing GS2 was four times less inhibited by GFA compared to control plants. Therefore, increased copy and overexpression of GS2 confer resistance to GFA in A. palmeri (or other plants). We present novel understanding of the role of GS2 in resistance evolution to glufosinate

Transforming Downtown Springfield: The Green and Equitable City of Tomorrow

Professor: Frank Sleegers. Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning LARP Senior Design Studio Fall 2020 This project was sponsored through the U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development and the City of Springfield in collaboration with the City of Springfield Office of Planning and Economic Development and the UMass Amherst Design Center in Springfield. Project: Location: Springfield, MA, United States Editors: Joshua Lemieux and Frank SleegersTransforming Downtown Springfield, MA: The Green and Equitable City of Tomorrow This urban design studio is a community service project that developed visions for the downtown in Springfield, MA, as a revitalized mixed-use walkable neighborhood. The project emphasizes neighborhood connectivity through walking and biking and creating a green mosaic of places to sit and gather outdoors. We understand cities as active, vibrant, and inclusive places that are accessible and inviting to all. The project covers 7 team projects from Dwight Street down to the Connecticut River. Main Project Goal: Create visions for a green downtown district and ways to foster the creation of an equitable neighborhood that reflects Springfield's diversity. Main Design Objectives: Provide better walkability and bike-able streets Design a diversity of places to eat, play, and relax outside Create a downtown that promotes public health and community well-being Include local residents and underrepresented youth and teens Provide places that welcome people of color and traditionally underrepresented communities Develop opportunities for small entrepreneurs to create a more equitable economy Apply strategies that limit impervious surfaces/storm water Create places of diverse arts that express diversity. Process and Outcomes: A thorough community engagement process included online discussion and collaboration with the downtown neighborhood council AQCA (Amoury Quadrangle Civic Association) and personal and online engagement with the Arts for the Soul Gallery. Students learned about the exciting art from local and international artists of the Black and Latinx community and the necessity of amplifying their voices

Toxicidade aguda à Lactuca sativa de lixiviado tratado por ozonização e oxidação supercrítica / Acute toxicity of leachate treated by ozonation and supercritical oxidation in Lactuca sativa

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade aguda do lixiviado bruto e tratado por três processos sobre a Lactuca sativa (alface).Para tanto, o lixiviado foi tratado por processos de ozonização (O3), oxidação em água supercrítica (OASc) e pela combinação de ambos (O3/OASc). Os resultados apontaram que o lixiviado resultante do processo de O3 apresentou maior toxicidade que o bruto. Os processos OASc e O3/OASc foram atóxicos nas diluições de 25% e 50% para a germinação da semente de L. sativa e na diluição de 25% para o seu crescimento radicular. O processo combinado (O3/OASc) promoveu, ainda, significativa redução da matéria orgânica do lixiviado, evidenciando o seu potencial de tratamento deste efluente.

The present and future status of heavy neutral leptons

The existence of nonzero neutrino masses points to the likely existence of multiple Standard Model neutral fermions. When such states are heavy enough that they cannot be produced in oscillations, they are referred to as heavy neutral leptons (HNLs). In this white paper, we discuss the present experimental status of HNLs including colliders, beta decay, accelerators, as well as astrophysical and cosmological impacts. We discuss the importance of continuing to search for HNLs, and its potential impact on our understanding of key fundamental questions, and additionally we outline the future prospects for next-generation future experiments or upcoming accelerator run scenarios