Value of Cover Crops in Suppressing Weeds and Protecting Cotton Yields and Likelihood of Residual Herbicide Carryover to Cover Crops

Weed-resistance management has become a topic of concern for modern agriculture. Cost related to herbicide usage has increased greatly due to evolution and proliferation of resistant weeds. Therefore, experiments were conducted to investigate the potential for using cover crops to suppress problematic weeds in cotton as well as chemical options for cover crop dessication, and sensitivity of cover crops to residual herbicides were evaluated. No differences were observed for cereal rye biomass production and consequently weed suppression between broadcast and drilled planting methods. Total amount of cover crop biomass was vital to effectively suppress weeds. Hence, of the cover crops evaluated, cereal rye proved to be superior to others for weed suppression due to its ability to produce large amounts of biomass. Cereal rye biomass production increased as the seeding rate increased, which led to greater weed suppression at a seeding rate of 112 kg ha-1 and 168 kg ha-1 compared to 56 kg ha-1. Control of cover crops prior to row crop planting can be difficult depending upon the cover crop species. Paraquat plus metribuzin and glufosinate adequately controlled the legume cover crops hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and Austrian winterpea (Lathryrus hirsutus L). Cereal cover crops were completely controlled by glyphosate alone. Rapeseed was not effectively controlled by any of the termination options evaluated. Based on a herbicide carryover trial from corn, residual herbicides commonly applied in corn that will be rotated to a cover crop and eventually cotton have low risk to interfere with the cover crop establishment and development after corn harvest

Deep Single Models vs. Ensembles: Insights for a Fast Deployment of Parking Monitoring Systems

Searching for available parking spots in high-density urban centers is a stressful task for drivers that can be mitigated by systems that know in advance the nearest parking space available. To this end, image-based systems offer cost advantages over other sensor-based alternatives (e.g., ultrasonic sensors), requiring less physical infrastructure for installation and maintenance. Despite recent deep learning advances, deploying intelligent parking monitoring is still a challenge since most approaches involve collecting and labeling large amounts of data, which is laborious and time-consuming. Our study aims to uncover the challenges in creating a global framework, trained using publicly available labeled parking lot images, that performs accurately across diverse scenarios, enabling the parking space monitoring as a ready-to-use system to deploy in a new environment. Through exhaustive experiments involving different datasets and deep learning architectures, including fusion strategies and ensemble methods, we found that models trained on diverse datasets can achieve 95\% accuracy without the burden of data annotation and model training on the target parking lotComment: An improved version of this manuscript was submitted to IEEE ICMLA 2023 (Dec/23

Eficácia de medicamentos intracanais à base de extrato de semente de uva contra o Enterococcus Faecalis e sua influência na micro-dureza da dentina e na resistência de união do material obturador

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of grape seed extract (GSE)-based intracanal dressings against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its influence on dentin microhardness and bond strength of the filling material. The root canals of 126 human teeth were distributed into three test groups: antimicrobial activity (60 teeth), dentin microhardness (30 teeth) and bond strength (36 teeth). In all three groups, specimens were subdivided into six groups, according to intracanal dressing protocols: G1 – distilled water (DW); G2 – 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX); G3 – calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2)+DW; G4 – GSE+DW; G5 – Ca(OH)2+CHX; G6 – GSE+CHX. The counting of colony-forming units (CFUs), the Vickers microhardness tester and the push-out test were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, dentin microhardness and bond strength, respectively. Specific statistical analysis was performed for each evaluation (α=5%). The greatest bacterial reduction was observed in G5 (Ca[OH]2+CHX) and G6 (GSE+CHX) (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference among groups in the dentin microhardness evaluation (p<0.05). The highest bond strength in the immediate evaluation was observed in G4 (GSE+DW) and G6 (GSE+CHX), whereas the highest bond strength after 12 months of storage was observed in G2 (CHX), G3 (Ca[OH]2+DW), G4 (GSE+DW), and G6 (GSE+CHX) (p<0.05). After the storage period, bond strength was increased in G2 (CHX) and G3 (Ca[OH]2+DW), and remained unchanged in G4 (GSE+DW) and G6 (GSE+CHX) (p<0.05). GSE-based intracanal dressings have antimicrobial potential against E. faecalis, have no influence in dentin microhardness and preserve the high bond strength of filling materials for root dentin over time.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de medicamentos intracanal à base de extrato de semente de uva (GSE) contra Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) e sua influência na microdureza da dentina e na resistência de união do material de obturação. Os canais radiculares de 126 dentes humanos foram distribuídos em três grupos de teste: atividade antimicrobiana (60 dentes), microdureza da dentina (30 dentes) e resistência adesiva (36 dentes). Nos três grupos, as amostras foram subdivididas em seis grupos, de acordo com os protocolos de curativos intracanal: G1 – água destilada (DW); G2 – gel de clorexidina a 2% (CHX); G3 – hidróxido de cálcio (Ca[OH]2) +DW; G4 – GSE+DW; G5 – Ca(OH)2+CHX; G6 – GSE+CHX. A contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFCs), o testador de microdureza Vickers e o teste push-out foram realizados para avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, a microdureza da dentina e a resistência adesiva, respectivamente. Análise estatística específica foi realizada para cada avaliação (α=5%). A maior redução bacteriana foi observada no G5 (Ca[OH]2+CHX) e G6 (GSE+CHX) (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos na avaliação da microdureza da dentina (p<0,05). A maior resistência adesiva na avaliação imediata foi observada no G4 (GSE+DW) e G6 (GSE+CHX), enquanto a maior resistência adesiva após 12 meses de armazenamento foi observada no G2 (CHX), G3 (Ca[OH]2+DW), G4 (GSE+DW) e G6 (GSE+CHX) (p<0,05). Após o período de armazenamento, a resistência de união aumentou no G2 (CHX) e G3 (Ca[OH]2+DW), permanecendo inalterada no G4 (GSE+DW) e G6 (GSE+CHX) (p<0,05). Os medicamentos intracanal à base de GSE têm potencial antimicrobiano contra E. faecalis, não influenciam na microdureza da dentina e preservam a alta resistência adesiva dos materiais de obturação da dentina radicular ao longo do tempo

Fitotoxicidade de subdoses do herbicida dicamba quando aplicado em pré-emergência da cultura da soja não-tolerante

Soybean transgenic cultivars provide a new alternative for elaborating weed management programs once they allow the application of herbicides previously considered non-selective to the crops, and between them, dicamba. However, it is well known that non-tolerant cultivars are extremely sensitive to this herbicide due to spray drift or incorrect tank wash, which may promote severe injuries to the crop. Therefore, this work was developed to evaluate the susceptibility of dicamba non-tolerant soybean submitted to simulated drift of this herbicide in pre-emergence conditions. Three experiments were conducted, two inside a greenhouse and one in field condition. A randomized block design was adopted with four replications each. In the greenhouse, soybean cultivars Agroeste AS 3590 IPRO and Nidera 7709 IPRO were evaluated, simulating seven and six doses of dicamba, respectively. On the field, cultivar Monsoy 5917 IPRO was adopted, with six doses of dicamba. In general, besides soybean cultivar, visual symptoms were observed on plants up to 3.75 g ha-1 of dicamba, and 60 g ha-1 might be considered as the critical doses. Bellow this dose, plants were able to recover from symptoms; however, above this dose, a reduction on mass of dry matter was observed. In field conditions, no yield losses were observed for soybean, regarding the doses evaluated.As cultivares transgênicas de soja oferecem novas alternativas para a elaboração de programas de manejo de plantas daninhas, pois permitem a aplicação de herbicidas anteriormente considerados não seletivos à cultura, dentre estes, o herbicida dicamba. No entanto, é sabido que as cultivares não tolerantes são extremamente sensíveis a esse herbicida, de modo que a presença do mesmo na área, por consequência de deriva de outras áreas ou limpeza incorreta de tanque, pode promover injúrias à cultura. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a suscetibilidade da soja não-tolerante ao dicamba quando submetida à deriva simulada deste herbicida em condição de pré-emergência da cultura. Três experimentos foram realizados, sendo dois em casa-de-vegetação e um em campo. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Em casa de vegetação, foram utilizadas as cultivares Agroeste AS 3590 IPRO e Nidera 7709 IPRO, simulando-se sete e seis doses de dicamba, respectivamente. A campo, foi utilizada a cultivar Monsoy 5917 IPRO, com seis doses. De forma geral, indiferente da variedade de soja, sintomas visuais foram observados nas plantas a partir da dose de 3,75 g ha-1 de dicamba, sendo que a dose de 60 g ha-1 foi considerada crítica. Abaixo desta dose, houve recuperação das plantas; no entanto, acima da mesma, houve redução na massa final das parcelas. Em campo, não foi registrada perda de produtividade da cultura da soja nas doses estudadas

Effect of pesticide and other crop protection product mixtures on dicamba volatilization

Dicamba is an important tool for managing hard-to-control weeds in Brazil. Its use has increased, especially with the adoption of dicamba-tolerant crops, making the implementation of best management practices essential to ensure safe herbicide application, whether alone or in combination with other products. This study evaluated the volatilization of dicamba (diglycolamine salt – DGA) applied alone or in tank mixtures with glyphosate potassium salt (GK), a volatility reducer (VR), and various commercial crop protection products, over corn straw under controlled conditions. Volatilized dicamba was collected for 24 h at 40 °C and quantified by LC–MS/MS (LOD = 0.09 ng mL-¹, LOQ = 0.39 ng mL-¹). The VR consistently reduced dicamba vapor losses by up to 90%, regardless of the mixture. Most tank mixes did not increase volatility relative to DGA + GK + VR, except for combinations with glufosinate ammonium and mesotrione + atrazine, which increased volatilization by 49% and 43%, respectively, compared to DGA + GK + VR, though still ~70% lower than dicamba applied alone. These increases were likely related to ammonia release and interactions with amine groups, rather than pH differences. Findings demonstrate that VRs are effective for mitigating dicamba volatilization even in complex mixtures, but certain combinations require caution. Results provide practical guidance for tank-mix decisions and support the adoption of best practices to reduce volatility-related drift in dicamba-based weed control

The incidence of unfilled second mesiobuccal canals and periapical lesions in maxillary molars by cone-beam computed tomography E-VOL DX software

This study evaluated the incidence of unfilled second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals and periapical lesions in first maxillary molars using CBCT e-Vol DX software. Hence, 326 CBCT images of first maxillary molars of patients undergoing endodontic treatment were selected. The e-Vol DX software performed a retrospective review of these images, recording the presence or absence of MB2 canals, filling, and periapical lesions in first maxillary molars. Specific statistical analysis was performed at a 5% significance level. Unfilled MB2 canals were highly frequent in first maxillary molars and significantly associated with periapical lesions in the mesiobuccal root of these teeth (p<0.05). The CBCT e-Vol DX software effectively detected MB2 canals, and unfilled canals may be associated with periapical lesions

A PONTE DAS EMOÇÕES: a prática interdisciplinar no design de jogos: DOI: https://doi.org/10.29327/5457226.1-518

A saúde mental é um tema em destaque na atualidade. O alto número de crianças e adolescentes afetados por problemas psicoemocionais não apenas é assunto frequente nas redes sociais, como também se tornou tema de pesquisa para além das ciências da saúde. A partir disso, o artigo versa sobre um TCC em design voltado ao desenvolvimento de um jogo analógico para auxiliar psicólogos na comunicação com as crianças com alexitimia em terapia. Sob a perspectiva metodológica aberta e interdisciplinar, de natureza exploratória, a pesquisa se pautou pelo design participativo, contando com a colaboração de profissionais e pesquisadores da psicologia em modelagem do método aberto para o desenvolvimento do projeto. Como resultado do trabalho, é apresentada "A ponte das emoções", um jogo terapêutico de tabuleiro que visa auxiliar a criança a entender e expressar emoções básicas a partir de diferentes linguagens, como o desenho, a palavra escrita e o gesto. Palavras-Chave: Design de jogos; interdisciplinaridade; terapia infantil; alexitimia