Panacea or Nemesis? Re-assessing the reliability of serum-albumin intron 1 for genotyping Western Palearctic water frogs.

Water frogs (genus Pelophylax) are one of the most widespread and diverse, but also most invasive amphibians of the Western Palearctic region. As such, Pelophylax studies face the challenge of identifying similar taxa that hybridize in sympatry. For this purpose, the nuclear marker serum albumin intron 1 (SAI-1) has been used for over a decade in Pelophylax. Initially praised for its diagnosticity, notably to discriminate common species such as the pool frog (P. lessonae), the marsh frog (P. ridibundus) and their hybridogenetic hybrid the edible frog (P. esculentus) without sequencing (by amplicon length polymorphism), SAI-1 was later questioned due to misidentifications and doubtful patterns of genetic divergence. In this study, we incorporate an up-to-date multilocus phylogeographic framework spanning the entire Pelophylax diversification, to re-assess the performance of SAI-1 for lineage identification and discovery. We show that SAI-1 sequences discriminate all Palearctic water frog species and most of their phylogeographic lineages, enabling us to map their distributions and identify the genomes of hybridogenetic hybrids. However, the phylogeny of SAI-1 is aberrant and unrepresentative of the evolutionof the genus. In particular, differentiated P. l. lessonae alleles segregating in the Alpine region mimic a species-level divergence that is not recovered by any other marker. Moreover, the indel polymorphism that supposedly distinguishes P. lessonae from P. ridibundus, as well as the main P. ridibundus lineages from the Balkans (P. r. ridibundus vs kurtmuelleri), are not diagnostic across the entire range of these taxa. Hence, SAI-1 is neither the panacea for nor the nemesis of Pelophylax genotyping. Sequencing SAI-1 shall continue to offer a reliable and informative preliminary approach of single-gene barcoding identification of lineages, but analyses without sequencing, and other applications such as phylogenetic and taxonomic inferences, should be avoided

Panacea or nemesis? Re-assessing the reliability of serum albumin intron 1 for genotyping Western Palearctic water frogs

peer reviewedWater frogs (genus Pelophylax) are one of the most widespread and diverse, but also most invasive amphibians of the Western Palearctic region. As such, Pelophylax studies face the challenge of identifying similar taxa that hybridize in sympatry. For this purpose, the nuclear marker serum albumin intron 1 (SAI-1) has been used for over a decade in Pelophylax. Initially praised for its diagnosticity, notably to discriminate common species such as the pool frog (P. lessonae), the marsh frog (P. ridibundus) and their hybridogenetic hybrid the edible frog (P. esculentus) without sequencing (by amplicon length polymorphism), SAI-1 was later questioned due to misidentifications and doubtful patterns of genetic divergence. In this study, we incorporate an up-to-date multilocus phylogeographic framework spanning the entire Pelophylax diversification, to reassess the performance of SAI-1 for lineage identification and discovery. We show that SAI-1 sequences discriminate all Palearctic water frog species and most of their phylogeographic lineages, enabling us to map their distributions and identify the genomes of hybridogenetic hybrids. However, the phylogeny of SAI-1 is aberrant and unrepresentative of the evolution of the genus. In particular, differentiated P. l. lessonae alleles segregating in the Alpine region mimic a species-level divergence that is not recovered by any other marker. Moreover, the indel polymorphism that supposedly distinguishes P. lessonae from P. ridibundus, as well as the main P. ridibundus lineages from the Balkans (P. r. ridibundus vs kurtmuelleri), are not diagnostic across the entire range of these taxa. Hence, SAI-1 is neither the panacea for nor the nemesis of Pelophylax genotyping. Sequencing SAI-1 shall continue to offer a reliable and informative preliminary approach of single-gene barcoding identification of lineages, but analyses without sequencing, and other applications such as phylogenetic and taxonomic inferences, should be avoided

Un puzzle de code-barres moléculaires pour les Grenouilles vertes

peer reviewed14. Life below wate

Marsh frog invasions across Europe: multiple lineages, ecological opportunism, risk and conservation perspectives

peer reviewed14. Life below wate

Pronostic des transplantations rénales réalisées entre 2000 et 2008 chez les patients présentant un syndrome hémolytique et urémique primitif de l adulte associé aux mutations des facteurs H, I, MCP et C3 (l expérience française)

Le syndrome hémolytique et urémique (SHU) est défini par l association d une insuffisance rénale aiguë, d une thrombopénie et d une anémie hémolytique mécanique. Le SHU primitif est rare et évolue vers la dialyse définitive dans deux cas sur trois. Il est maintenant établi que le SHU primitif s associe à un défaut de régulation de la C3 convertase alterne, enzyme clé de la voie alterne du complément : plus de la moitié des patients présentent une mutation de protéines impliquées dans la régulation (facteur H, I, MCP) ou la formation (C3) de cette enzyme. Nous avons étudié l évolution de 56 greffes rénales réalisées entre 2000 et 2008 chez 51 adultes atteints de SHU primitif afin de mettre en évidence des facteurs de risque de récidive et de perte de greffon. Le taux de récidive s élève à 59%, en 12 mois dans 75% des cas. Il varie de 39% à 86% en fonction des mutations. Un antécédent familial de SHU primitif est un facteur de risque surajouté de récidive. Une immunosuppression sans anticalcineurines s associe à un risque accru de rejet sans modifier le risque de récidive. Le pronostic est sombre : deux tiers des récidives évoluent vers la perte du greffon, en 12 mois dans 72% des cas. L absence de mutation identifiée, une récidive survenant après le 3e mois et une créatininémie élevée lors de la récidive sont des facteurs de risque associés à survie rénale péjorative. Il est urgent que des études prospectives comparatives définissent la place d un traitement pré-emptif ou curatif par plasmathérapie, anticorps monoclonaux anti-C5 ou facteur H recombinant. Ce travail aidera à déterminer les patients qui pourront au mieux bénéficier de ces nouvelles thérapeutiques.PARIS6-Bibl.Pitié-Salpêtrie (751132101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Panacea or nemesis? Re-assessing the reliability of serum albumin intron 1 for genotyping Western Palearctic water frogs

International audienceWater frogs (genus Pelophylax) are one of the most widespread and diverse, but also most invasive amphibians of the Western Palearctic region. As such, Pelophylax studies face the challenge of identifying similar taxa that hybridize in sympatry. For this purpose, the nuclear marker serum albumin intron 1 (SAI-1) has been used for over a decade in Pelophylax. Initially praised for its diagnosticity, notably to discriminate common species such as the pool frog (P. lessonae), the marsh frog (P. ridibundus) and their hybridogenetic hybrid the edible frog (P. esculentus) without sequencing (by amplicon length polymorphism), SAI-1 was later questioned due to misidentifications and doubtful patterns of genetic divergence. In this study, we incorporate an up-to-date multilocus phylogeographic framework spanning the entire Pelophylax diversification, to reassess the performance of SAI-1 for lineage identification and discovery. We show that SAI-1 sequences discriminate all Palearctic water frog species and most of their phylogeographic lineages, enabling us to map their distributions and identify the genomes of hybridogenetic hybrids. However, the phylogeny of SAI-1 is aberrant and unrepresentative of the evolution of the genus. In particular, differentiated P. l. lessonae alleles segregating in the Alpine region mimic a species-level divergence that is not recovered by any other marker. Moreover, the indel polymorphism that supposedly distinguishes P. lessonae from P. ridibundus, as well as the main P. ridibundus lineages from the Balkans (P. r. ridibundus vs kurtmuelleri), are not diagnostic across the entire range of these taxa. Hence, SAI-1 is neither the panacea for nor the nemesis of Pelophylax genotyping. Sequencing SAI-1 shall continue to offer a reliable and informative preliminary approach of single-gene barcoding identification of lineages, but analyses without sequencing, and other applications such as phylogenetic and taxonomic inferences, should be avoided