New Horizons in Psychiatry

Psychiatrists have long held that there should be more psychiatry in general medicine, and the nonpsychiatric physicians have said that there should be much more medicine in psychiatry. Both groups have been perfectly correct and are being told by the consuming population that there must be more sociology in each of them. The future psychiatrist must and will work with his colleagues in medicine, not to achieve a utopia, but at least to approach this desirable situation in some degree

Psycho-Social Aspects of Drug Abuse by Modern Youth

Research in human behavior rarely lends itself to the scientific rigors which allow for definitive cause and effect answers even if they exist. Perhaps no facet of human life has a simple origin, and certainly that is true of behavior which involves all levels of personality function and social interaction such as occurs in drug abuse. Drug abuse undoubtedly is overdetermined behavior with multiple etiological factors in a constantly fluxuating interaction. Most observers agree that drug abuse by the youth has become a major problem, but differences arise when the sociological and psychological factors of etiology are discussed. The many concepts of etiology are more or less products of the individual observer\u27s orientation and past experience, and therefore, they rarely are subject to cross validation

Low-voltage organic transistors and inverters with ultra-thin fluoropolymer gate dielectric

We report on the simple fabrication of hysteresis-free and electrically stable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and inverters operating at voltages <1-2 V, enabled by the almost trap-free interface between the organic semiconductor and an ultra-thin (<20 nm) and highly insulating single-layer fluoropolymer gate dielectric (Cytop). OFETs with PTCDI-C13 (N,N'-ditridecylperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylicdiimide) as semiconductor exhibit outstanding transistor characteristics: very low threshold voltage (0.2V), onset at 0V, steep subthreshold swing (0.1-0.2 V/decade), no hysteresis and excellent stability against gate bias stress. It is gratifying to notice that such small OFET operating voltages can be achieved with the relatively simple processing techniques employed in this study.Comment: Accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letter

Characterizing the propagation of gravity waves in 3D nonlinear simulations of solar-like stars

The revolution of helio- and asteroseismology provides access to the detailed properties of stellar interiors by studying the star's oscillation modes. Among them, gravity (g) modes are formed by constructive interferences between progressive internal gravity waves (IGWs), propagating in stellar radiative zones. Our new 3D nonlinear simulations of the interior of a solar-like star allows us to study the excitation, propagation, and dissipation of these waves. The aim of this article is to clarify our understanding of the behavior of IGWs in a 3D radiative zone and to provide a clear overview of their properties. We use a method of frequency filtering that reveals the path of {individual} gravity waves of different frequencies in the radiative zone. We are able to identify the region of propagation of different waves in 2D and 3D, to compare them to the linear raytracing theory and to distinguish between propagative and standing waves (g modes). We also show that the energy carried by waves is distributed in different planes in the sphere, depending on their azimuthal wave number. We are able to isolate individual IGWs from a complex spectrum and to study their propagation in space and time. In particular, we highlight in this paper the necessity of studying the propagation of waves in 3D spherical geometry, since the distribution of their energy is not equipartitioned in the sphere.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figues, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysic

In situ ozone data for evaluation of the laser absorption spectrometer ozone remote sensor: 1979 southeastern Virginia urban plume study summer field program

Ozone data from the 1979 Southeastern Virginia Urban Study (SEV-UPS) field program are presented. The SEV-UPS was conducted for evaluation of an ozone remote sensor, the Laser Absorption Spectrometer. During the measurement program, remote-sensor evaluation was in two areas; (1) determination of the remote sensor's accuracy, repeatability, and operational characteristics, and (2) demonstration of the application of remotely sensed ozone data in air-quality studies. Data from six experiments designed to provide in situ ozone data for evaluation of the sensor in area 1, above, are presented. Experiments consisted of overflights of a test area with the remote sensor aircraft while in situ measurements with a second aircraft and selected surface stations provided correlative ozone data within the viewing area of the remote sensor

In situ correlative measurements for the ultraviolet differential absorption lidar and the high spectral resolution lidar air quality remote sensors: 1980 PEPE/NEROS program

In situ correlative measurements were obtained with a NASA aircraft in support of two NASA airborne remote sensors participating in the Environmental Protection Agency's 1980persistent elevated pollution episode (PEPE) and Northeast regional oxidant study (NEROS) field program in order to provide data for evaluating the capability of two remote sensors for measuring mixing layer height, and ozone and aerosol concentrations in the troposphere during the 1980 PEPE/NEROS program. The in situ aircraft was instrumented to measure temperature, dewpoint temperature, ozone concentrations, and light scattering coefficient. In situ measurements for ten correlative missions are given and discussed. Each data set is presented in graphical and tabular format aircraft flight plans are included

Unified derivation of phase-field models for alloy solidification from a grand-potential functional

In the literature, two quite different phase-field formulations for the problem of alloy solidification can be found. In the first, the material in the diffuse interfaces is assumed to be in an intermediate state between solid and liquid, with a unique local composition. In the second, the interface is seen as a mixture of two phases that each retain their macroscopic properties, and a separate concentration field for each phase is introduced. It is shown here that both types of models can be obtained by the standard variational procedure if a grand-potential functional is used as a starting point instead of a free-energy functional. The dynamical variable is then the chemical potential instead of the composition. In this framework, a complete analogy with phase-field models for the solidification of a pure substance can be established. This analogy is then exploited to formulate quantitative phase-field models for alloys with arbitrary phase diagrams. The precision of the method is illustrated by numerical simulations with varying interface thickness.Comment: 36 pages, 1 figur