The Case for an Autonomy-Centred View of Physician-Assisted Death

Most people who defend physician-assisted death (PAD) endorse the Joint View, which holds that two conditions—autonomy and welfare—must be satisfied for PAD to be justified. In this paper, we defend an Autonomy Only view. We argue that the welfare condition is either otiose on the most plausible account of the autonomy condition, or else is implausibly restrictive, particularly once we account for the broad range of reasons patients cite for desiring PAD, such as “tired of life” cases. Moreover, many of the common objections to an Autonomy Only view fail once we understand the extent of the autonomy condition’s requirements—in particular, the importance of one’s values for autonomous choices. If our view is correct, then the scope of permissible PAD is broader than is currently accepted in both the philosophical literature and the law, and therefore poses an important challenge to this widely accepted view on justified PAD

Mariner mars 1964 telemetry and command system

Telemetry and command system for Mariner-Mars 1964 missio

Identity, Modernity, and Occupation: The Colonial Style of Taiwanese Painter Chen Chengbo (1895-1947)

The Arts: 2nd Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)Identity, Modernity, and Occupation: The Colonial Style of Taiwanese Painter Chen Chengbo (1895-1947) I feel very fortunate to have examined the personal journal of Chen Chengbo (1895-1947). It has become an invaluable source for my research about this Taiwanese oil painter, but what struck me most was the way the journal surfaced from obscurity over sixty years after Chen was killed by the Kuomintang government in the 228 Massacre of 1947. After Chen’s death, his son hid the journal to protect the families it mentioned from government persecution, only deciding it was safe to release it a few months ago. This modest yet heroic act to prevent others from meeting the same fate as his father underscores the violent and dramatic changes that Taiwan has experienced over the past century. Preceding the Kuomintang, the Japanese occupied Taiwan (1895-1945), and Chen Chengbo’s paintings provide a window into Taiwanese life and the forces that shaped Taiwanese identity during these periods. My research focuses on Chen Chengbo and issues of identity, hybridity, and modernity, as manifested in his paintings. Taiwanese painters during the Japanese Occupation wrestled with the complexity of identifying themselves as modern painters in a Japanese colonial empire. Chen Chengbo serves as an excellent example of the transitions taking place during the occupation, as it presented him with opportunities for developing his artistic abilities but also challenged him as a Taiwanese individual and colonial subject. Chen worked within the artistic criterion of the colonizers and his exploration of this hybrid Taiwanese-Japanese culture in his paintings, as well as the seeming ease with which he moved from his work in Taiwan to Japan, to China, and finally back to Taiwan, highlights the complexity and cultural interchange of East Asian modernity in the early twentieth century. Chen, and his works, stand at the intersections of modernity, colonization, and the developing cultures of Taiwan, Japan, and China. As a painter, Chen was so broadly steeped in an all-encompassing East Asian cultural milieu that he, rather remarkably, became an award-winning artist in all three of these regions. My study aims to use his successful artistic career as a window into this cultural world of East Asia during the first half of the twentieth century, and in particular into the definitions of modernity and colonialist culture that developed in this non-European setting. While it may seem that events occurring so recently as the Japanese Occupation (which ended with the close of World War II) and the 228 Massacre would be well documented, there is a surprising lack of independent research in this field. In the decades following Chen’s death, the same forces that compelled his son to keep his journal hidden exerted pressure on scholarship about the colonization, suppressed information about the 228 Massacre, and restricted outside investigation. Much of the scholarship on Taiwanese art during the subsequent decades was heavily ideological and not terribly art historical. As a result, many subsequent studies treat Chen as a folk hero or attempt to advance a specific political agenda, making it difficult to distinguish the true story of Chen’s life from the messages that others wish to convey. In the last few decades, access to the factual evidence of the occupation and primary resources has increased dramatically. It is therefore extremely important to trace facts about Chen Chengbo and colonial Taiwan back to their primary sources to remove overt political biases and record the perspectives of eye-witnesses while they are still available. My sources are documents, such as the journal mentioned above, and others collected from archives, memories of individuals who lived through this period, and, most importantly, paintings that display the history of an island and an artist in constant transition. I have made several trips to Taiwan, Japan, and China to conduct interviews and to seek additional sources from museums, libraries, and archives in the cities where Chen was born, educated, displayed his work, and died. Some of the most important parts of these trips have been interviews with the artist’s son, Chen Tsung-Kuang, now 86 years old. In meeting with Mr. Chen, I have been very fortunate to obtain a personal perspective of Chen Chengbo’s life as well as to examine a countless number of Chen’s paintings, sketches, and writings, all from his son’s private collection. This collection of resources has helped in separating facts from inaccuracies in other accounts of Chen’s life. My goal is to explore the topics of identity and colonialism in the Japanese Occupation of Taiwan through the context of Chen and his painting. Because of the political, social, and even emotional nature of this subject, it has lent itself to misinterpretation and over-interpretation. For these reasons, there is a gap in the art historical literature. I hope that my research of Chen will highlight the value of cross-cultural perspectives and the significance of the development of identity within a colonial state. An additional, long-term goal in my research is to help define the unique stylistic features of Taiwanese artists and to build a framework for better understanding their works apart from and in light of Japanese and Chinese traditions. I have an opportunity to apply converging practices, methodologies, and ideas from within and outside of Taiwan to probe more deeply into Chen’s work, just as Chen’s painting drew from all of the various cultures he experienced. Where historical accounts have captured the broad strokes of the transitions of Taiwan, Chen’s paintings and the records of his life provide unique windows into the reality of an individual’s experience during this tumultuous period. His work stands as a testament to both the challenges and amazing possibilities of a world of converging cultures that is just as relevant today as it was in Chen’s time.A five-year embargo was granted for this item

Telemetry receiver

Communications system maintains phase lock of weak telemetry signals with a minimal expenditure of power and bandwidth. An estimate of the frequency variation as a function of time is used to achieve coherent phase demodulation

Modeling and Testing of an R-23/R-134a Mixed Refrigerant System for Low Temperature Refrigeration

Low temperature refrigeration storage equipment in the biotechnology industry typically uses cascade refrigeration to achieve evaporating temperatures of -80 °C (-112 °F) or below. Current systems utilize multiple compressors leading to high energy consumption. Equipment operating costs contribute significantly to the total operating costs of biotechnology companies and therefore motivate the development of more efficient alternatives for low temperature refrigeration. This paper describes a single compressor R-23/R-134a mixed refrigerant cycle that has been designed to extract a load of 0.256 kW (873.5 Btu/hr) from a conditioned space at -80 °C (-112 °F). The designed system compresses a mixture of the gaseous refrigerants to a high pressure and then condenses the R-134a in a water-cooled separator while the R-23 remains in vapor phase. The stream of liquid R-134a is expanded to the suction pressure and is used to condense the R-23 that remains in vapor phase, operating much like an inter-stage heat exchanger in a cascade cycle. The condensed stream of R-23 then expands to the suction pressure and enters a low-temperature evaporator, where it absorbs energy from the load. A model of the cycle is developed based upon first and second law principles of thermodynamics and used to refine the design of a mixed refrigerant test apparatus. Theoretical analysis of the prototype system predicts that it will reach an evaporating temperature of -78.6 °C (-109.5 °F) when it operates with a mixture of 33.4% R-23 and 66.6% R-134a by mass. In experiments conducted using the same condensing temperature and mixture composition the mixed refrigerant apparatus reached an evaporating temperature of -75.0 °C (-103 °F), corresponding closely to the predicted temperature of -78.6 °C (-109.5 °F). To reach the desired evaporating temperature of -80 °C (-112 °F) the refrigerant mixture must be altered to increase the amount of R-23

ANISAP: A three-dimensional finite element program for laminated composites subjected to mechanical loading

ANISAP is a 3-D finite element FORTRAN 77 computer code for linear elastic, small strain, analysis of laminated composites with arbitrary geometry including free edges and holes. Individual layers may be isotropic or transversely isotropic in material principal coordinates; individual layers may be rotated off-axis about a global z-axis. The laminate may be a hybrid. Three different isoparametric elements, variable order of gaussian integration, calculation of stresses at element boundaries, and loading by either nodal displacement of forces are included in the program capability. Post processing capability includes failure analysis using the tensor polynominal failure criterion

Aquaponics: A Sustainable Food Production System That Provides Research Projects for Undergraduate Engineering Students

Aquaponics is a closed-loop, recirculating water system in which plants and fish grow together mutualistically. Aquaponics resembles a natural river or lake basin in which fish waste serves as nutrients for the plants, which in turn clean the water for the fish. Tilapia and salad greens or herbs are common fish and plants grown in an aquaponics system. The external inputs to an aquaponics system are fish food, minimal amount of water, and energy for lighting and heating the water for the fish and plants. Aquaponics is a sustainable, efficient system to raise fish protein and vegetables for human consumption. Aquaponics systems can be located anywhere in the world where there is adequate energy with a minimal amount of water. Aquaponics is particularly suited to arid climates because it uses much less water to grow plants than soil-based systems. In fact, the only water that is lost is evaporation and transpiration from the plants. Although the field of aquaponics is growing world-wide, the capital and operational costs of producing the plants and fish have not been quantified intensively in the peer-reviewed literature. The relationship between the amount of external energy (fish food plus energy for light and heat) to the output (weight of fish and plants) has not been measured well for aquaponics units in temperate climates. The lack of quantification of the input-output has suppressed aquaponics progress because it is difficult to compare the cost of fish and salad greens grown with aquaponics and conventional methods, such as aquaculture and soil-based methods. The diverse nature of aquaponics and the need to quantify the relationship between input-output presents opportunities for research projects for undergraduate engineering students in Mechanical, Electrical, and Civil Engineering. The following are examples: Sensors: What type of sensors are ideal to measure air and water temperature, water PH, dissolved O2, and nitrates? Thermodynamics: What type of water heating system is most efficient to maintain desirable water and air temperature? Water Quality: What are the optimal methods to filter out the solid fish waste (feces) and introduce necessary bacteria into the system? Hydraulics: What size of pump and diameter of pipe are needed to maintain optimal flow rate? System Design: What are the optimal ratios between fish tank volume and grow area volume? What is the optimal drop in water level between components to utilize the gravity system? Marquette University College of Engineering is building a laboratory to conduct aquaponics research. The design of the system along with the lessons learned will be presented, along with a detailed list of specific projects for engineering students. Lessons learned from this research will aid the development of aquaponics in temperate climates but also possibly in subtropical and tropical region