Missing Links: Referrer Behavior and Job Segregation

How does referral recruitment contribute to job segregation, and what can organizations do about it? Current theory on network effects in the labor market emphasizes the job-seeker perspective, focusing on the segregated nature of job-seekers’ information and contact networks, and leaves little role for organizational influence. But employee referrals are necessarily initiated from within a firm by referrers. We argue that referrer behavior is the missing link that can help organizations manage the segregating effects of referring. Adopting the referrer’s perspective of the process, we develop a computational model which integrates a set of empirically documented referrer behavior mechanisms gleaned from extant organizational case studies. Using this model, we compare the segregating effects of referring when these behaviors are inactive to the effects when the behaviors are active. We show that referrer behaviors substantially boost the segregating effects of referring. This impact of referrer behavior presents an opportunity for organizations. Contrary to popular wisdom, we show that organizational policies designed to influence referrer behaviors can mitigate most if not all of the segregating effects of referring

Al-ib?dhiyyah f? mayd?n al-haq

192 hlm, 24 x 17 c

Al-ib?dhiyyah f? mayd?n al-haq

192 hlm, 24 x 17 c

Influence of Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens on Tamarix Shrubs Under Different Salinity Levels

International audienceTamarix articulata and Tamarix gallica are salt-tolerant shrubs naturally associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the mycorrhizal dependency of two Tamarix species using Rhizophagus irregularis (DAOM 197198) as arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant. T. articulata mycorrhizal dependency reached twice the one found for T. gallica. Based on those results, a second greenhouse experiment aimed to compare the effectiveness of native AMF inoculum originating from saline soil of Algerian arid and semiarid areas, while combined or not with a native endophytic bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens, with commercial AMF inoculum (Symbivit) on T. articulata growth under three soil salinity levels, non-saline (0.6 ds m−1), moderately saline (2.33 ds m−1), and saline soils (7.52 ds m−1). Root mycorrhizal rates were improved by the co-inoculation with native AMF and P. fluorescens and with the native inoculum more than commercial inoculum in saline and moderately saline soils. They were about four folds higher with the co-inoculum and two folds with native AMF inoculum. Improvements of shoot biomasses were about 1.4-fold higher with native AMF inoculum and co-inoculum as compared to commercial inoculum in moderately saline soil. The positive effect on plant growth of the co-inoculation in moderately saline soil was associated with enhancement of phosphorus and nitrogen contents in all soil salinity level. These findings highlight the efficiency of native co-inoculation (AMF/P. fluorescens) in improving plant growth under saline conditions and suggest potential use of native inoculum for increasing T. articulata plantation in disturbed soils