Late Quaternary Distribution of the Cycladophora davisiana Radiolarian Species: Reflection of Possible Ventilation of the North Pacific Intermediate Water during the Last Glacial Maximum

A comparison of micropaleontological data on the distribution of the Cycladophora davisiana radiolarian species in the surface sediment layer and the Late Quaternary sediments from the Subarctic Pacific and Far East marginal seas allowed conclusions concerning the possible conditions and occurrence of intermediate waters during the last glacial maximum. We used the modern data on the C. davisiana species, which is a micropaleontological indicator of the cold oxygen-rich upper intermediate water mass, which is now forming only in the Sea of Okhotsk. The high amount of C. davisiana in sediments of the last glacial maximum may point to the possible formation and expansion of the ventilated intermediate water in the most part of the Subarctic paleo-Pacific: the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, within the NW Gyre, and in the Gulf of Alaska

IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING UNTUK SISTEM INFORMASI PENJADWALAN RUANGAN DI FAKULTAS ILMU KOMPUTER UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

Permasalahan konflik penjadwalan ruangan (timetabling) sering dihadapi hampir sebagian besar institusi akademis di Indonesia, salah satunya di Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Indonesia (Fasilkom UI). Peningkatan jumlah mahasiswa setiap tahun yang tidak diikuti oleh peningkatan jumlah dan kapasitas kelas menjadi faktor penyebab utama. Selama ini sistem penjadwalan masih dilakukan secara manual, sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lama dan menyebabkan optimasi pengalokasian kebutuhan ruangan menjadi kurang efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan pendekatan yang sesuai dalam menyelesaikan masalah timetabling tersebut. Beberapa pendekatan yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini antara lain algoritma Tabu Search, Simmulated Annealing, Graph Coloring, dan Integer Linear Programming (ILP). Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan algoritma ILP karena ILP merupakan model yang paling tepat untuk menyelesaikan masalah timetabling di Fasilkom UI. Algoritma ini dapat meminimalkan waktu yang diperlukan untuk melakukan penjadwalan dari sebulan menjadi hitungan menit. Room scheduling conflict issues (timetabling) are facing most of the academic institutions in Indonesia, one is in the Faculty of Computer Science (Fasilkom) Universitas Indonesia (UI). In the number of students each year followed by no increase in the number and capacity of the class became the main factor. During this scheduling system is still done manually so it takes a relatively long time so that the optimization is less efficient allocation of space requirements. This study aims to find an appropriate approach in solving the timetabling problem. Several approaches can be used to solve these problems include Tabu Search algorithm, Simmulated Annealing, Graph Coloring, and Integer Linear Programming (ILP). In this study we used the ILP algorithm for ILP is the most appropriate model to solve the timetabling problem in Fasilkom UI. This algorithm can minimize the time required to perform the scheduling of a month becomes a matter of minutes

Life on the ice-edge: Paleoenvironmental significance of the radiolarian species Amphimelissa setosa in the northern hemisphere

The high-latitude Northern Hemisphere is a key region in the global climate balance. Variations in sea-ice extent affect biological productivity, CO2 exchange and carbon drawdown. Marine proxies indicative of proximity of the ice-marginal zone are therefore essential to understand these processes. Amphimelissa setosa is nowadays a dominant radiolarian species in the Arctic basin and very abundant in the high-latitude North Atlantic. This species, now absent from the North Pacific, has been widely used as a qualitative proxy of modern and past environmental conditions in the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere. Using our new and published data on the distribution of A. setosa in plankton, sediment trap, surface sediment and downcore samples, we provide a quantitative ecological context for the occurrence of this species. We find that the optimal depth and season of A. setosa in the modern North Atlantic and the Chukchi Sea are 160 m and the late boreal summer/early fall (August–October), respectively. A regression model combining environmental variables (temperature, salinity, silicate and chlorophyll-a concentrations, apparent oxygen utilization, sea-ice) at that season and depth, are able to explain 43% of the distribution of this species in surface sediments. Based on these new findings, we conclude that the presence of A. setosa in surface sediments is closely related to high primary production in the proximity of the sea-ice and areas of ice rafting. The onset of this species started at ca. 1.5 Ma in the North Pacific, linked to a gradual cooling, increased silica availability and southward advance of the ice-margins since the Early Pleistocene. Amphimelissa setosa’s decline in this region was likely caused by the development of a quasi-permanent halocline, perennial sea-ice and depletion of silica during marine isotope stage 4. In the high-latitude North Atlantic, the relative abundance of A. setosa appears to be related to cooling and supply of dissolved silica from the continent during ice-rafting events. The comprehensive approach taken in this study suggest that A. setosa is a useful proxy to explore past variations in the ice-cover in the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology | Ref. 0149-2019-000

The Contribution of the Microfinance Model to Bosnia's Post-War Reconstruction and Development: How to Destroy an Economy and Society Without Really Trying

Academic analyses and impact evaluation studies produced by the international development community almost all conclude that the microfinance model has made an important net contribution to the economic and social recovery of post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereafter Bosnia). However, as we now are finding is also the case in many other countries, these far-reaching claims are almost entirely based upon often deliberately flawed impact evaluation methodologies and inappropriate success criteria. This article provides an alternative assessment of the available evidence accumulated to date which, in our opinion, actually shows that the microfinance model has made a distinctly negative contribution to Bosnia's reconstruction and development effort. We argue, centrally, that the microfinance model has assisted the Bosnian economy to move to an unsustainable institutional development trajectory marked by the deindustrialisation, informalisation and infantilisation of the enterprise sector. More widely, we argue that the microfinance model in Bosnia has led to a sub-prime-style episode in Bosnia's post-war history, one that has materially benefitted a tiny elite working within and around the microfinance sector whilst simultaneously destroying many of the most important pillars of the Bosnian economy and society. We find that the best possible explanatory framework for what has transpired in postwar Bosnia is contained in the "control fraud" concept developed by William Black

Las fronteras : espacios de encuentro y cooperación

Esta publicación recoge las ideas centrales expuestas por diversos autores y autoras acerca del tema de las fronteras en América Latina, que constituyen espacios donde más se expresan las vulnerabilidades mutuas entre países. Esta publicación busca promover un nuevo enfoque de las fronteras como espacios de encuentro y cooperación que contribuyan a la consolidación de buenas prácticas entre los países vecinos y a la integración regional