Gaze-contingent manipulation of color perception

Using real time eye tracking, gaze-contingent displays can modify their content to represent depth (e.g., through additional depth cues) or to increase rendering performance (e.g., by omitting peripheral detail). However, there has been no research to date exploring how gaze-contingent displays can be leveraged for manipulating perceived color. To address this, we conducted two experiments (color matching and sorting) that manipulated peripheral background and object colors to influence the user's color perception. Findings from our color matching experiment suggest that we can use gaze-contingent simultaneous contrast to affect color appearance and that existing color appearance models might not fully predict perceived colors with gaze-contingent presentation. Through our color sorting experiment we demonstrate how gaze-contingent adjustments can be used to enhance color discrimination. Gaze-contingent color holds the promise of expanding the perceived color gamut of existing display technology and enabling people to discriminate color with greater precision.Postprin

Reading small scalar data fields: color scales vs. Detail on Demand vs. FatFonts

We empirically investigate the advantages and disadvantages of color- and digit-based methods to represent small scalar fields. We compare two types of color scales (one brightness-based and one that varies in hue, saturation and brightness) with an interactive tooltip that shows the scalar value on demand, and with a symbolic glyph-based approach (FatFonts). Three experiments tested three tasks: reading values, comparing values, and finding extrema. The results provide the first empirical comparisons of color scales with symbol-based techniques. The interactive tooltip enabled higher accuracy and shorter times than the color scales for reading values but showed slow completion times and low accuracy for value comparison and extrema finding tasks. The FatFonts technique showed better speed and accuracy for reading and value comparison, and high accuracy for the extrema finding task at the cost of being the slowest for this task

Beyond Accessibility:Lifting Perceptual Limitations for Everyone

We propose that accessibility research can lay the foundation for technology that can be used to augment the perception of everyone. To show how this can be achieved, we present three case studies of our research in which we demonstrate our approaches for impaired colour vision, situational visual impairments and situational hearing impairment.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Augmenting visual perception with gaze-contingent displays

Cheap and easy to use eye tracking can be used to turn a common display into a gaze-contingent display: a system that can react to the user’s gaze and adjust its content based on where an observer is looking. This can be used to enhance the rendering on screens based on perceptual insights and the knowledge about what is currently seen. This thesis investigates how GCDs can be used to support aspects of depth and colour perception. This thesis presents experiments that investigate the effects of simulated depth of field and chromatic aberration on depth perception. It also investigates how changing the colours surrounding the attended area can be used to influence the perceived colour and how this can be used to increase colour differentiation of colour and potentially increase the perceived gamut of the display. The presented investigations and empirical results lay the foundation for future investigations and development of gaze-contingent technologies, as well as for general applications of colour and depth perception. The results show that GCDs can be used to support the user in tasks that are related to visual perception. The presented techniques could be used to facilitate common tasks like distinguishing the depth of objects in virtual environments or discriminating similar colours in information visualisations.EU Marie Curie Program CIG - 30378

Reading small scalar data fields: color scales vs. Detail on Demand vs. FatFonts

We empirically investigate the advantages and disadvantages of color- and digit-based methods to represent small scalar fields. We compare two types of color scales (one brightness-based and one that varies in hue, saturation and brightness) with an interactive tooltip that shows the scalar value on demand, and with a symbolic glyph-based approach (FatFonts). Three experiments tested three tasks: reading values, comparing values, and finding extrema. The results provide the first empirical comparisons of color scales with symbol-based techniques. The interactive tooltip enabled higher accuracy and shorter times than the color scales for reading values but showed slow completion times and low accuracy for value comparison and extrema finding tasks. The FatFonts technique showed better speed and accuracy for reading and value comparison, and high accuracy for the extrema finding task at the cost of being the slowest for this task

Designing for Situational Visual Impairments:Supporting Early-Career Designers of Mobile Content

Mobile devices are a substantial part of our lives, supporting communication, work, and play. However, situational visual impairments (SVIs) can make completing tasks a challenge (e.g., browsing online in bright sunlight) and poorly designed content can cause or exacerbate SVIs. We surveyed 43 mobile content designers and ran four follow-on interviews to understand what designers currently do regarding SVIs, what resources they know of, and what is required to best support them in designing to reduce SVIs. Our findings highlight key similarities and differences between accessibility and designing to reduce SVIs. Our participants requested improved guidelines, education, and digital design tools for SVIs. To accommodate the growing number of people affected by SVIs and improve the inclusion of accessibility in design, we introduce recommendations that leverage the overlap between accessibility and SVIs to minimise the effort required in extending current design processes.</p

Beyond Accessibility:Lifting Perceptual Limitations for Everyone

We propose that accessibility research can lay the foundation for technology that can be used to augment the perception of everyone. To show how this can be achieved, we present three case studies of our research in which we demonstrate our approaches for impaired colour vision, situational visual impairments and situational hearing impairment

Combining touch and gaze for distant selection in a tabletop setting

This research project is partially supported by the Nuance Foundation. Date of Acceptance: 11/02/2013Tabletop interaction with objects in and out of reach is a common real world as well as virtual task. Gaze as additional input modality might support this interactions on tabletops in terms of search, selection and manipulation of distant objects. The aim of this work is to design and evaluate an interaction technique that relies on gaze and gestural touch input for the selection of distant objects. The proposed approach makes objects that are out of physical reach easily available to the user, and aims to provide an increased selection accuracy compared to single modality approaches. The paper contributes a setup that allows to track people with a static eye-tracker in front of a tabletop and investigates an interaction technique that makes use of the flicking gesture augmented by gaze information to select distant objects.PostprintNon peer reviewe

A contribution to planning and development of reconfigurable mechatronic systems - using the example of production systems.

Gängige Planungs- und Entwicklungsprozesse von rekonfigurierbaren mechatronischen Systemen zeigen oft signifikante Defizite im Hinblick auf der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Entwicklern, der entwicklungsbegleitenden Integration von Spezifikationen sowie eine Überprüfung der Kundenanforderungen. Um die daraus resultierenden Probleme wie Entwicklungsverzögerungen oder Kostenüberschreitungen zu vermeiden, wurde eine Referenzprozess und eine Modellierungskonzept für die integrierte und parallele Planung auf Basis bestehender Ansätze entwickelt. Für den Referenzprozess wurden Rollen (z.B. Kunde, Steuerungstechniker) und Sichten (z.B. Anforderungen definieren, Struktursicht) definiert. Das multisichtorientierte Modellkonzept verarbeitet die eingegebenen Daten in unterschiedlichen Ansichten (z.B. Teilfamilien, möglichen Fertigungsfolgen, Bearbeitungsfolgen) mit eindeutig definierter Semantik und Verknüpfung. Die Methode und das realisierte Softwarewerkzeug wird anhand eines Beispieles von starren Fertigungssystemen verifiziert.Present planning and development practices of reconfigurable manufacturing systems often show significant deficits according to validation of customer needs, cooperation and collaboration between developers, completeness, understandability and integration of specifications handled throughout development. To prevent the resulting problems (e.g., delayed development progress, increased cost), a reference process and modeling concept for the parallel and integrated planning and development based on current practices was developed. The reference process is defined in terms of roles (e.g., customer, control engineer, mechanics engineer), activities (e.g., determining requirements), interfaces (e.g., knowledge base), and specifications (e.g., requirements, machining, plant design). The modeling concept structures the specifications into multiple views (e.g., part families, machining, processing, structure) with clearly defined semantics and interrelationships. The method and the realized software tool will be verified at the example of transfer lines