La incorporación de la educación ambiental para el desarrollo sostenible a la didáctica de las ciencias de la naturaleza, en la educación primaria de Villa Clara, Cuba: alternativas para su evaluación

La incorporación de la educación ambiental para el desarrollo sostenible al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje constituye un reto para los sistemas educativos del siglo XXI. Con el estudio/investigación que se presenta se persigue atender y evaluar este desafío, desde la didáctica de las Ciencias de la Naturaleza, en la Educación Primaria de Villa Clara, Cuba. Para ello, a partir de los fundamentos teórico-metodológicos que se asumen y con el empleo de la investigación acción participativa y la sistematización de experiencias, se realiza un análisis crítico de los documentos normativos y programas de “El mundo en que vivimos” y las “Ciencias Naturales”, asignaturas que conforman las Ciencias de la Naturaleza en el nivel primario. Sobre esa base, se elaboran recomendaciones didácticas, dimensiones e indicadores para la evaluación y modelos de ejercicios. Estos resultados científicos se convierten en un valioso material para la formación continua del docente, en aras de lograr un desempeño acorde con las exigencias de la presente centuria.The incorporation of the educational environmental for the sustainable development to the teaching and learning process constitutes a challenge for the educational systems at XXI century. This study pretend to show and evaluate itself from Nature´s Sciences Didactics at the Elementary Schools, in Villa Clara, Cuba. We assume as theorist and methodological basics the research-action-participation and the experiences systematization, to realize a critical analysis of the subjects “The world where We live” and “Nature´s Sciences” , the subjects include in Sciences of the Nature at Elementary School, it´s normative documents and programs. The document has didactic recommendations, dimensions and indicators for the evaluation and exercises models. These scientific aftermaths become a valuable material for the teacher's continuing training

Synthesis and photoemission study of as-grown superconducting MgB2 thin films

As-grown superconducting thin films of MgB2 were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and studied by X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS). Only films prepared at temperatures between 150 and 320 deg. showed superconductivity. A best TC onset of 36 K with a sharp transition width of -1 K was obtained although the film crystallinity was poor. The in-situ photoelectron spectra obtained on the surfaces of the MBE grown MgB2 films were free from dirt peaks. XPS revealed that the binding energy of the Mg 2p levels in MgB2 is close to that of metallic Mg, and the binding energy of B 1s is close to that of transition-metal diborides. The valence UP spectra showed a clear Fermi edge although the density of states (DOS) at EF is low and the major components of the valence band are located between 5 and 11 eV.Comment: ISS 2001 proceedin

GC-MS-based urine metabolic profiling of autism spectrum disorders.: GC-MS-based Urine Metabolic Profiling in ASD

International audienceAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from multiple factors. Diagnosis is based on behavioural and developmental signs detected before 3 years of age, and there is no reliable biological marker. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of gas chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) associated with multivariate statistical modeling to capture the global biochemical signature of autistic individuals. GC-MS urinary metabolic profiles of 26 autistic and 24 healthy children were obtained by liq/liq extraction, and were or were not subjected to an oximation step, and then were subjected to a persilylation step. These metabolic profiles were then processed by multivariate analysis, in particular orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA, R(2)Y(cum) = 0.97, Q(2)(cum) = 0.88). Discriminating metabolites were identified. The relative concentrations of the succinate and glycolate were higher for autistic than healthy children, whereas those of hippurate, 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, vanillylhydracrylate, 3-hydroxyhippurate, 4-hydroxyphenyl-2-hydroxyacetate, 1H-indole-3-acetate, phosphate, palmitate, stearate, and 3-methyladipate were lower. Eight other metabolites, which were not identified but characterized by a retention time plus a quantifier and its qualifier ion masses, were found to differ between the two groups. Comparison of statistical models leads to the conclusion that the combination of data obtained from both derivatization techniques leads to the model best discriminating between autistic and healthy groups of children

1H-13C NMR-based urine metabolic profiling in autism spectrum disorders.

International audienceAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of developmental disorders caused by environmental and genetic factors. Diagnosis is based on behavioral and developmental signs detected before 3 years of age with no reliable biological marker. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential use of a 2D NMR-based approach to express the global biochemical signature of autistic individuals compared to normal controls. This technique has greater spectral resolution than to 1D (1)H NMR spectroscopy, which is limited by overlapping signals. The urinary metabolic profiles of 30 autistic and 28 matched healthy children were obtained using a (1)H-(13)C NMR-based approach. The data acquired were processed by multivariate orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Some discriminating metabolites were identified: β-alanine, glycine, taurine and succinate concentrations were significatively higher, and creatine and 3-methylhistidine concentrations were lower in autistic children than in controls. We also noted differences in several other metabolites that were unidentified but characterized by a cross peak correlation in (1)H-(13)C HSQC. Statistical models of (1)H and (1)H-(13)C analyses were compared and only 2D spectra allowed the characterization of statistically relevant changes [R(2)Y(cum)=0.78 and Q(2)(cum)=0.60] in the low abundance metabolites. This method has the potential to contribute to the diagnosis of neurodevelopment disorders but needs to be validated on larger cohorts and on other developmental disorders to define its specificity

Clima social familiar y lenguaje oral en niños de 5 años, en la modalidad virtual, Lima – 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación lleva como título “Clima social familiar y lenguaje oral en niños de 5 años, en la modalidad virtual, Lima – 2021” y tiene como finalidad determinar la relación entre el clima social familiar y lenguaje oral en los niños, teniendo un tipo de investigación de acuerdo a la orientación o finalidad: básica. En la presente investigación se utilizó el diseño descriptivo - correlacional. La muestra está conformada por 25 estudiantes entre niños y niñas de 5 años del aula Amistad de la I.E. Cuna Jardín “Juan Pablo II”, Lima, 2021. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos afirman que se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se acepta la alternativa, siendo así, que existe relación significativa entre el clima social familiar y el lenguaje oral en los niños de 5 años.The present research work is entitled "Family social climate and oral language in 5-year-old children, in the virtual modality, Lima - 2021" and its purpose is to determine the relationship between family social climate and oral language in children, having a type of research according to the orientation or purpose: basic. In this research, the descriptive-correlational design was used. The sample is made up of 25 students between boys and girls of 5 years of age from the Amistad classroom of the I.E. Cuna Jardín "Juan Pablo II", Lima, 2021. Finally, the results obtained affirm that the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted, thus, there is a significant relationship between family social climate and oral language in 5-year-old children.Tesi

Programa Juntos y los efectos en los roles de las mujeres usuarias del distrito de Sarhua, provincia de Víctor Fajardo-2021

Los programas de transferencia monetaria condicionada se implementan en el contexto de intervención de políticas públicas para mitigar la exclusión y la pobreza; por ello, en el Perú en el año 2005 inicia su intervención el programa Juntos en zonas con altos índices de pobreza y azotados por el conflicto sociopolítico. Estos programas tienen objetivos en la salud y educación de niños, niñas y adolescentes, sin embargo presenta efectos indirectos en las mujeres como encargadas de la recepción y administración de la trasferencia monetaria. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar los efectos del programa Juntos en los roles de las mujeres usuarias del distrito de Sarhua, para lo cual se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo descriptivo. El estudio se evidenció que existe un efecto sustancial en el sentido que refuerza el rol reproductivo de las mujeres asignando actividades de carácter doméstico, limitando su participación en actividades productivas-económicas que permitan a las mujeres participar en el ámbito laboral; por otro lado tuvo efectos positivos en el rol de gestión comunal de estas mujeres que permite su participación y valoración en el ámbito público. Se concluye que existen efectos positivos y negativos en el triple rol que cumplen las mujeres, a partir de ello se sugiere que el programa pueda mejorar el diseño con una intervención integral e intersectorial que beneficie a todo los integrantes de la familia

Comunicación y patrimonio, una unión para conservar

El presente artículo examina bibliografías de distintos autores que han tratado el tema de la comunicación del patrimonio y presenta, a través de diversos criterios, la influencia que tiene hoy día el periodismo en esta temática. Además, muestra las principales problemáticas y fortalezas de la comunicación del patrimonio a través de la comparación de contenidos publicados por varios autores. Finalmente aterriza en Cuba y los esfuerzos del país para, mediante los medios, comunicar el patrimonio

Communication and heritage, a union to conserve

El presente artículo examina bibliografías de distintos autores que han tratado el tema de la comunicación del patrimonio y presenta, a través de diversos criterios, la influencia que tiene hoy día el periodismo en esta temática. Además, muestra las principales problemáticas y fortalezas de la comunicación del patrimonio a través de la comparación de contenidos publicados por varios autores. Finalmente aterriza en Cuba y los esfuerzos del país para, mediante los medios, comunicar el patrimonio.This article examines bibliographies of different authors who have dealt with the subject of heritage communication and presents, through various criteria, the influence of journalism on this subject today; it also shows the main problems and strengths of the heritage communication by the comparison of contents published by several authors. It finally lands in Cuba, and shows the country's efforts to communicate the heritage through the media.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Environmental education for schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities in inclusive educational settings

Environmental education, a fundamental pillar for the formation of a global citizenry committed to sustainable development, is promoted in Cuba through the school curriculum. However, challenges remain in forming critical environmental awareness and adopting sustainable practices in the younger generations. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to propose a program of interest groups to strengthen environmental education among schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities in inclusive educational settings. To achieve this, scientific methods based on theoretical and empirical knowledge are used, as well as statistical and/or mathematical processing methods. Starting from a diagnosis that reveals limitations related to environmental education, the “Natural Explorers” interest circle program is designed, structured in modules and activities with a multisensory approach and individual adjustments that favor the acquisition of knowledge in an experiential way, the development of skills for action, and the education of responsible attitudes towards the environment, from an inclusive perspective. The assessment by specialists certifies the relevance and appropriateness of the interest circle program. Its partial application in practice demonstrates its positive impact in the educational context. The interest circle program is the scientific result of a thesis for the Master\u27s Degree in Pedagogical Sciences at the Marta Abreu Central University of Las Villas and constitutes a modest contribution to the fulfillment of Sustainable Development Goal 4, “Quality Education,” of the 2030 Agenda