Resolving Identity-based Conflicts in the North Caucasus: Pathway to Ethnic Peace and Civic Solidarity

Identity-based conflicts as a type of destructive ethnic conflicts have become a considerable obstacle to post-Soviet modernization, socio-political integration and ethnic peace in the current decade. The interest in the concept of identity-based conflict has been increasing worldwide during the first decade of the 21-st century. Identity-based conflicts are a notable phenomenon in the post-traditional world, where rational and irrational motives fancifully intertwine in politics, social structures, culture and everyday life of common people. Ethno-political identity became a prism for studying the problem of security in multi-ethnic communities. A rapid strengthening of hyper-ethnic, competing identities in Russian multi-ethnic regions occurred in two post-Soviet decades. It was manifested in the demands of ethno-political sovereignty, ethno-centrism, national-cultural autonomy, secession, as well as in the substantial growth of tension in ethnic relations, which resulted in protracted identity-based conflicts. The reduction of the role of civic identification, the growth of ethno-religious radicalism, new realities in ethnic and political life, new global rivalries, unstable processes of modernization in Russian regions were significant factors of the emergence of a large number of identity-based conflicts, ethno-political destabilization and social instability. In this case, conflict resolution in the North Caucasus may be built on the principles of civic solidarity and socio-political integration but not on the assimilation policy and suppression of ethnicities

On generation of Crab giant pulses

We propose that Crab giant pulses are generated on closed magnetic field lines near the light cylinder via anomalous cyclotron resonance on the ordinary mode. Waves are generated in a set of fine, unequally spaced, narrow emission bands at frequencies much lower than a local cyclotron frequency. Location of emission bands is fitted to spectral structures seen by Eilek et al. (2006). To reproduce the data, the required density of plasma in the giant pulses emission region is much higher, by a factor $\sim 3 \times 10^5$, than the minimal Goldreich-Julian density. Emission is generated by a population of highly energetic particles with radiation-limited Lorentz factors $\gamma \sim 7 \times 10^7$, produced during occasional reconnection close to the Y point, where the last closed field lines approach the light cylinder.Comment: accepted by MNRAS; added estimate of simultaneous GLAST signa

Resolving Identity-based Conflicts in the North Caucasus

The article reviews the present state of analysis of regional conflict resolution in foreign and Russian literature. The goal of the research is to analyze the constructive methods for resolving ethno-political conflicts in the North Caucasus. Identity-based conflicts as a type of ethno-political conflicts have become a considerable obstacle to the Post-Soviet modernization in the current decade. The interest in the concept of identity-based conflict has been increasing worldwide during the first decade of the 21-st century. Competing identity became a prism for studying the problem of security in multi-ethnic communities. A rapid strengthening of hyper-ethnic identity of the citizens of Russia occurred in two post-Soviet decades. It was manifested in the demands of ethnocentrism, national-cultural autonomy, secession, as well as in the substantial growth of tension in ethnic relations, which resulted in protracted identity-based conflicts. Conflict resolution in the North Caucasus may be built on the principles of civic solidarity and socio-political integration but not on the assimilation policy and suppression of ethnicities

Fluorescent Markers in Water Treatment

Both phosphonate- and polymer-based scale inhibitors have a broad spectrum of applications in water treatment technologies. However, the “online” monitoring of antiscalant content in an aqueous phase is still a challenge for researchers. A possible solution is provided by the fluorescent markers added to the feeding water. These can be either an antiscalant tagged or may represent the independent species. The review summarizes both the advantages and the drawbacks of these approaches along with such markers’ classification, with a special emphasis on the novel fluorescent-tagged phosphonates. Besides, some unique opportunities provided by the fluorescent-tagged antiscalants for reverse osmosis membrane mapping, scale inhibition traceability, and a scale inhibitor localization in a circulation water facility are also considered and discussed

MAJOR THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO CONSTRUCTIVE CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS

This article explores the major approaches to the study of conflict resolution strategy from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives. It argues that conflict resolution strategy, as a civil integration resource, is a necessary tool for overcoming deep-rooted ethnic conflicts in the unstable North Caucasus. This research pursues the goal of analyzing how the strength of civil integration can affect conflict resolution and peacebuilding. The author considers the essential factors of protracted ethnic conflicts and emphasizes the destabilizing role of the repoliticization of ethnicity in a crisis society. The concept of ethnic, “identity-based” conflicts is the heuristic theoretical model of exploring causes for increased ethnoreligious tensions in the North Caucasus. This article focuses on the ability of conflict resolution strategy to de-escalate growing tensions and transform protracted identity-based conflicts. The need to stimulate civil integration is caused by moral and structural causes: from the ethical point of view, the creation of an inclusive society is the fundamental societal goal; structural factors are related to the need to reduce inequalities and differences leading to social fragmentation and an escalation of ethnic conflicts. Among the structural conditions of regional conflicts, the author names ethnosocial inequalities, a civil identity crisis, ethnopolitical neo-authoritarianism, large-scale socioeconomic polarization and an “ideological combat” between secular modernization and religious fundamentalism. While discussing conflict resolution strategies, it is necessary to consider the following: 1) Peace and integration within the North Caucasus is a macropolitical project, the content of which is determined by issues of social cohesion and civil solidarity; 2) The development of the North Caucasus after the end of armed ethnic conflicts shows the inadmissibility of political demodernization, fundamentalism and isolationism. Today, the North Caucasus remains a crucially geopolitical macroregion, as it forms the southern volatile frontier of Russia. In this case, conflict resolution strategy must serve as an integrational and preventive tool on the conflict environment by way of providing structural solutions for deep-rooted cultural antagonisms, transforming and rationalizing ethnoregional contradictions

Informative value of conventional coagulation tests in polytrauma patients

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIntroducere. Leziunile traumatice severe sunt însoțite de „Triada Morții” reprezentată de coagulopatie, hipotermie și dereglări acido-bazice. Evaluarea precoce a coagulopatiei la pacienții politraumatizați este crucială pentru ghidarea strategiei de tratament. Scopul lucrării. Evaluarea devieril or în testele convenționale de hemostaza efectuate în cadru Institutul de Medicină de Urgență (IMU) la pacienți politrau matizați și informativitatea acestora. Material și metode. A fost efectuată analiza retrospectivă a datelor din registru electronic al fișelor de staționar SiiamS al IMU, a pacienților politraumatizați internați în Zona Roșie a Departamentului Medicină Urgentă (DMU) pe parcursul anului 2023. Au fost analizate, la momentul admiterii în DMU, numărul eritrocitelor, trombocitelor, hemoglobina (Hb), hematocritul (Ht), indicele protrombinic (IP), INR, fibrinogenul. Rezultate. Au fost incluși 101 de pacienți cu vârsta medie 45.6 ani, 80 (79%) fiind bărbați. Valoarea medie (± deviația standard) a parametrilor analizați a fost următoarea: Hb (g/l) – 128,3 (±23,4), eritrocite (*10 12 /l) – 3,95 (±0,73), Ht – 36,8 (±6,9), trombocite (*10 9 /l) – 220,3 (±84,1)*10 9 , IP (%) - 76 (±21,5), INR – 1,26 (±0,4), fibrinogen (g/l) – 3,11 (±1,06) . Rata scăderii sub valorile normei a indicilor analizați, fiind: Hb 1,2 la 41,6%. Totodată, scăderea nivelului Hb sub 90 g/l sau a numărului de trombocite mai puțin de 180*10 9 /l nu a corelat cu devieri în valorile testelor de coagulare. Conclu zii. Rezultate testelor convenționale de coagulare și hemograma, efectuate la admiterea pacienților politraumatizați, au prezentat o informativitate joasă, cu lipsa devierilor esențiale sugestive, ce ar putea comunica despre dereglările de coagulare asociate politraumatismului.Background. Severe traumatic injuries are accompanied by the “Triad of Death” associated with coagulopathy, hypothermia, and acid-base disturbances. Early evaluation of coagulopathy in polytrauma patients is crucial for guiding treatment strategy. Objective of the study. To evaluate deviations in conventional hemostasis tests performed at the Institute of Emergency Medicine (IMU) in polytrauma patients and their informativeness. Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of data from the electronic register of inpatient records, SiiamS, at IMU for polytrauma patients admitted to the Red Zone of the Emergency Medicine Department (DMU) during 2023 was performed. At the time of admission to DMU, red blood cell count, platelet count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), prothrombin index (PI), INR, and fibrinogen were analyzed. Results. One hundred one patients with a mean age of 45.6 years were included, 80 (79%) being men. The mean (± standard deviation) values of the analyzed parameters were: Hb (g/l) - 128.3 (± 23.4), erythrocytes (*1012/l) - 3.95 (± 0.73), Ht - 36.8 (± 6.9), platelets (*109/l) - 220.3 (± 84.1), PI (%) - 76 (± 21.5), INR - 1.26 (± 0.4), fibrinogen (g/l) - 3.11 (± 1.06). The rate of decrease below normal values was: Hb 1.2 in 41.6%. Moreover, the decrease in Hb levels below 90 g/l or platelet count below 180*10 9 /l did not correlate with deviations in coagulation test values. Conclusion. The results of conventional coagulation tests and complete blood counts performed upon admission of polytrauma patients showed low informativeness, with no significant deviations suggestive for coagulation disorders associated with polytrauma

Traditional economy influences on intellectual capital development

During econometric analysis conducted by the authors the following hypotheses were substantiated. First of all we found the most pronounced correlation between the amount of innovative products, works and services in the total amount of shipped goods, performed activities and technological innovation costs per one person. This demonstrates the need for planning and implementing state programs on raising intellectual capital in multicultural regions with traditional economics. Secondly there is a correlation between life expectancy and population density in ethnic regions. This demonstrates low level of life in the regions with low population density and strong influence of traditional economy. Creation of hi - tech companies and larger amounts of goods fabrication requires creation of local unions, developing the share of scientists and entrepreneurs and formation of government programs: these are the most important success factors. In order to achieve that we must create a cooperation program covering all parties participating in intellectual capital development in the region. State regulation of intellectual capital development must take into consideration peculiar features of social and cultural development of ethnical multicultural region strongly influenced by traditional economy. This direction of regional development will be available only in case of equal dialogue between business and authorities. Suggested options for using traditional knowledge for developing intellectual capital can improve economic position of the region, create new workplaces and, therefore, improve the level of life of population in the regions strongly influenced by traditional economy