78 research outputs found

    CA 125, un régulateur négatif du potentiel invasif des cellules cancéreuses de l'ovaire?

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    L'antigène cancéreux 125 (CA125) est présentement utilisé pour suivre la progression des cancers ovariens durant la thérapie des patientes. CA125 est surexprimé dans plus que 80% des cancers ovariens épithéliales. C'est une protéine transmembranaire qui est fortement glycosylée de la famille des mucines. CA125 est encodé par le gène MUC16 et son ADN complémentaire aurait une taille de 66 Kb. Même s'il y est utilisé fréquemment en clinique, ses fonctions dans les cellules ne sont pas encore connues. Notre laboratoire a développé un inhibiteur de CA125 dans le but d'étudier ses fonctions dans le cancer de l'ovaire. Cet inhibiteur consiste en un anticorps monovalent modifié (scFV) qui est ciblé et retenu dans le réticulum endoplasmique (RE) par l'utilisation d'une séquence"leader" et d'un signal de rétention KDEL. Nous avons dérivé deux différents clones stables (1:9 #9 et 1:9 #7) exprimant le scFv à partir de la lignée NIH:OVCAR 3 qui exprime des niveaux élevés de CA125. Des analyses par cytométrie de flux nous ont confirmé que la séquestration de CA125 dans le RE simule un"knockdown" de CA125 en empêchant la protéine de se localiser normalement à la surface des cellules."résumé abrégé par UMI

    Nouvelle approche pour modifier le tropisme des vecteurs adénoviraux à l’aide de ligands bispécifiques

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    L’adénovirus a été étudié dans l’optique de développer de nouveaux traitements pour différentes maladies. Les vecteurs adénoviraux (AdV) sont des outils intéressants du fait qu’ils peuvent être produits en grandes quantités (1X1012 particules par millilitre) et de par leur capacité à infecter des cellules quiescentes ou en division rapide. Les AdVs ont subi bon nombre de modifications pour leur permettre de traiter des cellules tumorales ou pour transporter des séquences génétiques exogènes essentielles pour le traitement de maladies monogéniques. Toutefois, les faibles niveaux d’expression du récepteur primaire de l’adénovirus, le CAR (récepteur à l’adénovirus et au virus coxsackie), réduit grandement l’efficacité de transduction dans plusieurs tumeurs. De plus, certains tissus normaux comme les muscles n’expriment que très peu de CAR, rendant l’utilisation des AdVs moins significative. Pour pallier à cette limitation, plusieurs modifications ont été générées sur les capsides virales. L’objectif de ces modifications était d’augmenter l’affinité des AdVs pour des récepteurs cellulaires spécifiques surexprimés dans les tumeurs et qui seraient exempts dans les tissus sains avoisinant. On peut mentionner dans les approches étudiées: l’utilisation de ligands bispécifiques, l’incorporation de peptides dans différentes régions de la fibre ou la substitution par une fibre de sérotypes différents. Notre hypothèse était que les domaines d’interaction complémentaire (K-Coil et ECoil) permettraient aux ligands de s’associer aux particules virales et d’altérer le tropisme de l’AdV. Pour ce faire, nous avons inclus un domaine d’interaction synthétique, le K-Coil,dans différentes régions de la fibre virale en plus de générer des mutations spécifiques pour abolir le tropisme naturel. Pour permettre la liaison avec les récepteurs d’intérêt dont l’EGF-R, l’IGF-IR et le CEA6, nous avons fusionné le domaine d’interaction complémentaire, le E-Coil, soit dans les ligands des récepteurs ciblés dont l’EGF et l’IGF-I, soit sur un anticorps à un seul domaine reconnaissant la protéine membranaire CEA6, l’AFAI. Suite à la construction des différents ligands de même que des différentes fibres virales modifiées, nous avons determiné tout d’abord que les différents ligands de même que les virus modifiés pouvaient être produits et que les différentes composantes pouvaient interagir ensemble. Les productions virales ont été optimisées par l’utilisation d’un nouveau protocole utilisant l’iodixanol. Ensuite, nous avons démontré que l’association des ligands avec le virus arborant une fibre modifiée pouvait entraîner une augmentation de transduction de 2 à 21 fois dans différentes lignées cellulaires. À cause de la difficulté des adénovirus à infecter les fibres musculaires occasionnée par l’absence du CAR, nous avons cherché à savoir si le changement de tropisme pourrait accroître l’infectivité des AdVs. Nous avons démontré que l’association avec le ligand bispécifique IGF-E5 permettait d’accroître la transduction autant dans les myoblastes que dans les myotubes de souris. Nous avons finalement réussi à démontrer que notre système pouvait induire une augmentation de 1,6 fois de la transduction suite à l’infection des muscles de souriceaux MDX. Ces résultats nous amènent à la conclusion que le système est fonctionnel et qu’il pourrait être évalué dans des AdVs encodant pour différents gènes thérapeutiques.Adenoviruses have been studied as a way to develop new treatments for different diseases. Adenoviral vectors (AdV) are considered interesting tools for this propose, because they can be produced at high titers (1X1012 particles per millilitre) in laboratory and they have the capacity to infect non-dividing and dividing cells. AdV have been often modified in order to obtain the ability to kill tumour cells or to deliver exogenous genetic sequences essential to treat monogenic disease. However, weak expression of the primary adenovirus receptor, the CAR (Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor) reduces greatly the transduction efficiency of AdV for the tumour cells. Moreover, some normal tissues express low amount of CAR, like the skeletal muscle, reducing the appeal of using AdV as a gene delivery vehicle for this tissue. To address this problematic, many modifications were done on the adenoviral capsid. The goal of these modifications were to generate an AdV able to target specific cellular receptors that were expressed in tumour cells but not in normal cells. Several approaches were done to modify the tropism of AdV, such as incubation with a bispecific ligands, incorporation of peptides within the adenoviral fiber structure or substitution of the viral fiber with a different serotype fiber. The hypothesis of my project was to determine if an interaction domain fused within a ligand could bind the complementary domain incorporated on a virus and change the tropism of the AdV. The first step was to include a synthetic interaction domain, the K-Coil, within specific region of the adenoviral fiber, as well as inserting two point mutations to abolish the natural tropism. To target the EGF-R, IGF-IR and the CEA6, we fused the complementary interaction domain, the E-Coil, to the respective ligand known as the EGF and the IGF-I or to a single domain antibody (known as AFAI) that bind specifically to CEA6. The specific interaction between the E-Coil and K-Coil was used to associate the ligand with the fiber in order to retarget the AdV toward the selected receptor. We showed that the different ligands as well as the modified fibers could be produced and that both E-Coil and K-Coil expressing partners could interact together. We optimized the viral production by using an iodixanol purification protocol. More importantly, we clearly demonstrated that the ligand association with the fiber could increase the transduction efficiency between 2 to 21 fold against various tumour cells. The difficulty of adenovirus to infect muscle cells because of the lack of CAR expression brought us to evaluate the potential of our retargeted AdV to increase the transduction for the tissue. We showed that the use of IGF-E5 could increase the transduction efficiency in myoblasts as wells as in myotubes. We finally demonstrated that our retargeting system could increase the transduction efficiency for skeletal muscle by 1,6 fold in new born MDX mice. In conclusion, our results show that the retargeting system is indeed functional. This system could be assessed using vectors that express therapeutic genes

    Fluorescent labeling in semi-solid medium for selection of mammalian cells secreting high-levels of recombinant proteins

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite the powerful impact in recent years of gene expression markers like the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to link the expression of recombinant protein for selection of high producers, there is a strong incentive to develop rapid and efficient methods for isolating mammalian cell clones secreting high levels of marker-free recombinant proteins. Recently, a method combining cell colony growth in methylcellulose-based medium with detection by a fluorescently labeled secondary antibody or antigen has shown promise for the selection of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines secreting recombinant antibodies. Here we report an extension of this method referred to as fluorescent labeling in semi-solid medium (FLSSM) to detect recombinant proteins significantly smaller than antibodies, such as IGF-E5, a 25 kDa insulin-like growth factor derivative.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CHO cell clones, expressing 300 μg/ml IGF-E5 in batch culture, were isolated more easily and quickly compared to the classic limiting dilution method. The intensity of the detected fluorescent signal was found to be proportional to the amount of IGF-E5 secreted, thus allowing the highest producers in the population to be identified and picked. CHO clones producing up to 9.5 μg/ml of Tissue-Plasminogen Activator (tPA, 67 kDa) were also generated using FLSSM. In addition, IGF-E5 high-producers were isolated from 293SF transfectants, showing that cell selection in semi-solid medium is not limited to CHO and lymphoid cells. The best positive clones were collected with a micromanipulator as well as with an automated colony picker, thus demonstrating the method's high throughput potential.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>FLSSM allows rapid visualization of the high secretors from transfected pools prior to picking, thus eliminating the tedious task of screening a high number of cell isolates. Because of its rapidity and its simplicity, FLSSM is a versatile method for the screening of high producers for research and industry.</p

    Observation of gravitational waves from the coalescence of a 2.5−4.5 M⊙ compact object and a neutron star

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    Open data from the third observing run of LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO

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    The global network of gravitational-wave observatories now includes five detectors, namely LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600. These detectors collected data during their third observing run, O3, composed of three phases: O3a starting in 2019 April and lasting six months, O3b starting in 2019 November and lasting five months, and O3GK starting in 2020 April and lasting two weeks. In this paper we describe these data and various other science products that can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at https://gwosc.org. The main data set, consisting of the gravitational-wave strain time series that contains the astrophysical signals, is released together with supporting data useful for their analysis and documentation, tutorials, as well as analysis software packages

    Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

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    Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M&gt;70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0&lt;e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

    Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

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    Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM
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