Development of a Cycling Policy for York Technical Report

In early 1983 York City Council and North Yorkshire County Council commissioned the Institute for Transport Studies to carry out a study of cycling in York. The terms of reference were to: Include an origin and destination survey of current movements by trip purpose and an assessment of future demand, indicating the likely mode from which any transfer will occur; Identify problem areas following discussions with various cycling groups and a study of accident statistics; Take into consideration any previous decisions of the City Council for investigation; Assess the appropriateness of the recommended standards for cycle facilities to a compact urban area; Propose various solutions to problems where appropriate, assess the effect on other road users, and formulate a basic cycling plan for York. Propose various solutions to problems where appropriate, assess the effect on other road users, and formulate a basic cycling plan for York. The Institute for Transport Studies at the Univeristy of Leeds was appointed to carry out the study with Professor A.D. May as the Director of the Study and Mr. D.A. Waring as Research Engineer. Work commenced on this project in June 1983 and was completd in May 1984. The recommendations arising from the study are contained in a separate Summary Report, available from the Institute as Working Paper 175

The Effects of Wheel Clamps in Central London: Result of the Before Survey

This report presents the results of a before study of some effects of the introduction of wheel clamps in Central London. Park and visit, vehicle following, registration number and business interview surveys were conducted in two areas of Central London: Mayfair in which wheel clamps were to be introduced, and Bloomsbury where they were not. The surveys were designed to determine the availability of parking spaces, the extent to which vehicles searched for parking spaces, the time spent doing so and gaining access to destinations, the level of through traffic, and the parking problems perceived by businesses. They were complementary to a series of surveys conducted by consultants for TRRL. The report describes the design and piloting of the surveys, presents the results of the surveys, identifies the levels of change which it will be possible statistically to detect and makes recommendations for the after surveys. In particular it recommends that the park and visit and vehicle following surveys be repeated, and also presents arguments in favour of repeating the business survey and conducting a survey on trade

A free surface capturing discretization for the staggered grid finite difference scheme

International audienceThe coupling that exists between surface processes and deformation within both the shallowcrust and the deeper mantle-lithosphere has stimulated the development of computationalgeodynamic models that incorporate a free surface boundary condition. We introduce a treatmentof this boundary condition that is suitable for staggered grid, finite difference schemesemploying a structured Eulerian mesh. Our interface capturing treatment discretizes the freesurface boundary condition via an interface that conforms with the edges of control volumes(e.g. a ‘staircase’ representation) and requires only local stencil modifications to be performed.Comparisons with analytic solutions verify that the method is first-order accurate. Additionalintermodel comparisons are performed between known reference models to further validateour free surface approximation. Lastly, we demonstrate the applicability of a multigrid solverto our free surface methodology and demonstrate that the local stencil modifications do notstrongly influence the convergence of the iterative solver

Development of a Cycling Policy for York – Summary Report.

The purpose of the York Cycling study is to determine current and future levels of cycling in the city, to identify the problems for cyclists and arising from cycling, and to assess solutions to these problems. The terms of reference for the study are lisced in Appendix 1. This summary report presents the main findings of the study, and sets out our recommendations for action which the City Council may wish to pursue. A brief description of the study methodology and the survey results is followed by sections setting out recommendations in turn on - - treatment of problem locations - the development of a cycle route network - improvements to parking facilities The report is based on study findings which are set out in a technical report which has been made available to officers

Guiding the Way to Gamma-Ray Sources: X-ray Studies of Supernova Remnants

Supernova remnants have long been suggested as a class of potential counterparts to unidentified gamma-ray sources. The mechanisms by which such gamma-rays can arise may include emission from a pulsar associated with a remnant, or a variety of processes associated with energetic particles accelerated by the SNR shock. Imaging and spectral observations in the X-ray band can be used to identify properties of the remnants that lead to gamma-ray emission, including the presence of pulsar-driven nebulae, nonthermal X-ray emission from the SNR shells, and the interaction of SNRs with dense surrounding material.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, To appear in the proceedings of the workshop: "The Nature of the Unidentified Galactic Gamma-Ray Sources" held at INAOE, Mexico, October 2000, (A.Carraminana, O. Reiner and D. Thompson, eds.

Can forest management based on natural disturbances maintain ecological resilience?

Given the increasingly global stresses on forests, many ecologists argue that managers must maintain ecological resilience: the capacity of ecosystems to absorb disturbances without undergoing fundamental change. In this review we ask: Can the emerging paradigm of natural-disturbance-based management (NDBM) maintain ecological resilience in managed forests? Applying resilience theory requires careful articulation of the ecosystem state under consideration, the disturbances and stresses that affect the persistence of possible alternative states, and the spatial and temporal scales of management relevance. Implementing NDBM while maintaining resilience means recognizing that (i) biodiversity is important for long-term ecosystem persistence, (ii) natural disturbances play a critical role as a generator of structural and compositional heterogeneity at multiple scales, and (iii) traditional management tends to produce forests more homogeneous than those disturbed naturally and increases the likelihood of unexpected catastrophic change by constraining variation of key environmental processes. NDBM may maintain resilience if silvicultural strategies retain the structures and processes that perpetuate desired states while reducing those that enhance resilience of undesirable states. Such strategies require an understanding of harvesting impacts on slow ecosystem processes, such as seed-bank or nutrient dynamics, which in the long term can lead to ecological surprises by altering the forest's capacity to reorganize after disturbance

Kaon-Nucleon Scattering Amplitudes and Z∗^*-Enhancements from Quark Born Diagrams

We derive closed form kaon-nucleon scattering amplitudes using the ``quark Born diagram" formalism, which describes the scattering as a single interaction (here the OGE spin-spin term) followed by quark line rearrangement. The low energy I=0 and I=1 S-wave KN phase shifts are in reasonably good agreement with experiment given conventional quark model parameters. For $k_{lab}> 0.7$ Gev however the I=1 elastic phase shift is larger than predicted by Gaussian wavefunctions, and we suggest possible reasons for this discrepancy. Equivalent low energy KN potentials for S-wave scattering are also derived. Finally we consider OGE forces in the related channels K$\Delta$, K$^*$N and K$^*\Delta$, and determine which have attractive interactions and might therefore exhibit strong threshold enhancements or ``Z$^*$-molecule" meson-baryon bound states. We find that the minimum-spin, minimum-isospin channels and two additional K$^*\Delta$ channels are most conducive to the formation of bound states. Related interesting topics for future experimental and theoretical studies of KN interactions are also discussed.Comment: 34 pages, figures available from the authors, revte

Measurement of D*+/- meson production in jets from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper reports a measurement of D*+/- meson production in jets from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is based on a data sample recorded with the ATLAS detector with an integrated luminosity of 0.30 pb^-1 for jets with transverse momentum between 25 and 70 GeV in the pseudorapidity range |eta| < 2.5. D*+/- mesons found in jets are fully reconstructed in the decay chain: D*+ -> D0pi+, D0 -> K-pi+, and its charge conjugate. The production rate is found to be N(D*+/-)/N(jet) = 0.025 +/- 0.001(stat.) +/- 0.004(syst.) for D*+/- mesons that carry a fraction z of the jet momentum in the range 0.3 < z < 1. Monte Carlo predictions fail to describe the data at small values of z, and this is most marked at low jet transverse momentum.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (22 pages total), 5 figures, 1 table, matches published version in Physical Review

In search of new herbicide chemistries for the prairies

Non-Peer ReviewedThere are a limited of herbicide groups for use in western Canada so there is a need introduce different modes of action to manage herbicide resistant weeds. In addition, many broadleaf crops such as chickpea have limited broadleaf weed control options. Sulfentrazone, a Group 14 PPO inhibitor has been screened in a number of broadleaf crops. Chickpea has exhibited excellent tolerance to sulfentrazone, while the tolerance of other broadleaf crops can be summarized as follows: sunflower and fababean (fair to good); field pea, and narrow-leaved lupin (fair); dry bean (poor) and lentil (very poor). Isoxaflutole is a Group 27 carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor that may have potential for use in chickpea, tame buckwheat, and narrow-leaved lupin. Sulfentrazone effectively controls many broadleaf weeds but is weak on cruciferous weeds such as wild mustard. Isoxaflutole also controls a number of broadleaf weeds but does not control wild buckwheat. Both sulfentrazone and isoxaflutole are soil-applied herbicides with potential to carry-over and injure rotational crops. Preliminary results from field trials indicate that combined low rates of sulfentrazone and isoxaflutole can result in excellent broad spectrum weed control in chickpea. Carfentrazone-ethyl, a contact non-residual PPO inhibitor has been shown to be an effective pre-seed burndown partner for glyphosate. This would allow for the control of volunteer Roundup-ready canola prior to the seeding of broadleaf crops