Molecular Characterization, Genotypes and Phenotypes of Cysticercus Tenuicollis (Taenia Hydatigena) From Naturally Infected Goats Slaughtered in Al-Muthana and Al-Diwaniyah Province

      The current study included the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Cysticercus.tenuicollis, the thin-necked tapeworm in goats. 3145 samples of goats from animals slaughtered in slaughterhouses were examined for the period from April 2022 to July 2022 in the Diwaniyah and Muthanna governorates. The results of the study showed that the infection rate in Goats: The infected animals amounted to 672 heads, at a rate of 21.36%. The current study aimed to study the morphological characteristics of the sacs, heads, and snout spines of larvae isolated from goats, molecular diagnosis, and identification of genetic mutations of the parasite at the level of DNA and amino acids. In this study, the phenotypic characteristics of The larval stage of C. tenuicollis were determined in terms of the number of sacs and their sizes, and the number of galls and their lengths. It was found that the highest percentage of cysts in goats was 1-2, at a rate of 90.92%. their sizes ranged between 1-12 cm. the liver cysts were 1-2 cm in size, while in the peritoneal cavity, it was 1-12 cm. The number of large and small hooks surrounding the rostellum was calculated, and The total number was 30 hook,which were equal in number and an average of 15 for each. The average length of the large hooks was 192.48±3.04 microns, and the small hooks were 121.25±2.56 microns.        The results of the molecular study of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique using three mitochondrial genes: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COX1), Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 gene (Nd4) showed that the amplification results of DNA extracted from the scolex and germinal layer of C. tenuicollis cyst samples were positive at the molecular sizes of mitochondrial genes (444, 568, 680 bp,  in all samples respectively).        The results of the genetic sequencing of the larval stage of C. tenuicollis showed that all local samples studied were identical to the global isolates, Turkey (MK851045), Iran (KR337823.1) and Egypt (OQ317833 which registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and a comparison of the alignment of the sequences of the nitrogenous bases showed For local isolates the match rate of 100%, and as for the Saudi isolates (MZ277312), the match rate was 99.74%.The genetic sequencing of the mt-Cytb and mt-Nad4gene genes, all isolates were identical to the Chinese isolates, and the percentage of identity ranged between 97.62-99.27% ​​and 98.58-98.90%, respectively.Nucleotides bases sequence were converted to the amino acid sequence using the EXpasy software program. The results of the sequence showed the amino acids of the parasite strains in local  samples,similar to global isolates which were recorded in the International Gen Bank, such as the Iranian isolate (AFL69973.1) was 96.15%, and the Turkish isolate (AFA53641.1) had a match rate of 97.85%. As for the Cytb gene,Mache with Chinese isolate (ACN72662.1)the similarity ranged between 90.21-96.36% , and the NAD4 gene ranged between 89.67-90.78% with the Chinese isolates (UXP71673.1 and AGJ83395.1), respectively. The results of the current study indicated the presence of mutations among the local isolates at the acid sequence level. amino acids, as 14 basic mutations were found in the COX1 gene, 13 basic mutations in the Cytb gene, which included the presence of a deletion mutation, that is, deletion of a complete amino acid, and 13 basic mutations in the Nad4 gene, which also included the presence of a deletion mutation

Comparing the Iron Level of Patients Infected with Helicobacter pylori Ag+ and Ab+ that Suffer from Gastrointestinal Problems in Al-Najaf Province

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a spiral (helical), Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacteria that is typically present in the stomach, it is believed as helical form, which gives rise to the genus name helicobacter, evolved to allow it to pierce the stomach's mucoid lining and spread infection. Aim: This study included two main axes: the first is the diagnosis of H. pylori by antibody test in blood and antigen in feces. The second axis is to estimate the level of iron in patients and compare them with healthy control. Material and method: The total samples included in this study were 105 subjects represented by 80 patients (screened by H. Pylori Ab and Ag rapid test) with the gastrointestinal problems and 25 healthy controls. Results: The number of people infected with H. pylori is (45), divided to 19 were Ab+ 15 were Ag+, and 11 were Ag+ and Ab+. The iron level of all these groups was estimated and compared with the healthy group. So, the results showed that there is only a significant difference between patients who carry antigen and antibody together with (P. value =0.001), as their iron level was very low with (Mean 39.82) as comparing with control. In addition, moreover, there was a significant difference between antigen and antibody carrier patients together with all other groups (antigen positive, antibody positive, gastrointestinal patients without infection with H. pylori) with P. value (0.003, 0.002, 0.001) respectively. Conclusions: The current study revealed that high distribution of H. pylori infection in gastrointestinal disturbance patients and decreased Iron serum level specially in individual with concurrent acute and chronic infection

Determination of Immune Reactive Proteins of Cysticercus Tenuicollis from Naturally Infected Sheep and Goats in AL-Muthanna Province /Iraq

In the current study, 8 samples of Cysticercus tenuicollis cysts were collected from sheep and goats (four cysts for each) from slaughterhouses of AL-Muthanna province during the period from January - February 2023. The study aimed to identify the immune reactive proteins present in the cysts fluid, using SDS-PAGE technique (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) and Western blot technique, by using the Protein Ladder with molecular weights of 10.5 - 14 - 22 - 29 - 42 - 51 - 62 – 70 – 95 – 130 – 175 KDa. The results of the SDS-PAGE showed the presence of 7 bands of proteins in the cyst fluid, molecular weight in the range of 120 - 27 kDa, and molecular weights of 120 - 90 - 70 - 60 - 47 - 38 - 27 kDa. Each of them is a major protein with some variations. It turned out that proteins with a molecular weight of 90-70-60 kDa were dominant, as they had a greater density than the others did, and they appeared in all eight samples. As for the rest of the molecular weights, their appearance differed from one sample to another. The results of the Western blotting showed the presence of 6 bands of proteins, and they had molecular weights within the range of 120-27 kDa.The proteins with molecular weights of 90 - 60 - 38 kDa appeared in all eight samples very clearly, which indicates that they are Specific immune reactive proteins in the cysts fluid. The Western blot technique is performed on Cysticercus tenuicollis from goats and sheep for the first time in Iraq

Justitia et Misericordia dans les œuvres des décrétistes et décrétalistes (xiie-xve siècles)

Nous avons consacré le séminaire des deux dernières années à l’examen de la transformation institutionnelle du dualisme justice/miséricorde et de la transposition de ces vertus chrétiennes dans la doctrine médiévale de la juridiction ecclésiastique qui est développée dans les gloses et les commentaires au Décret de Gratien et aux décrétales (Liber Extra et Liber Sextus) entre les douzième et quatorzième siècles (Décret de Gratien Distinction 86 c. 19 : Misericordia est plenitudo virtutum. Ide..

Plastic deformation and residual stress of surface roughness asperities in elastohydrodynamic contact with consideration of surface fatigue

Micropitting is a contact initiated fatigue failure on the scale of surface roughness features that occurs in lubricated concentrated contacts which are subject to combined sliding and rolling motion. It is a significant problem in hardened and ground gears which, due to the surface roughness, operate in a micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication (micro-EHL) regime, causing cyclic loads as the roughness features interact. To gain a much clearer understanding of the failure mechanism that is associated with rough surface elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), a full theoretical model of the lubrication of gear contacts under rough surface and micro-EHL conditions is presented in this thesis. In addition, the study offers some important insights in to the influence of residual stresses on the fatigue life of rough surfaces. This significant residual stress, resulting from plastic deformation of rough surface asperities during the initial running-in process, has been instrumental in our understanding of the micropitting phenomenon. The Abaqus FEA package has been used to perform a full elastic-plastic contact analysis of real rough surfaces using profiles taken from the surfaces of unrun test disks, which are used in micropitting tests. The analysis provides a detailed view of the plastic deformation, and the magnitude and distribution of the residual stress fields at the asperity level. The residual geometry and stress field obtained over a range of applied loads are then used to introduce the residual stress in elastic fatigue calculations based on Micro-EHL simulations. Fatigue damage and fatigue life is then obtained at the scale of the surface roughness asperities by using multiaxial and variable amplitude fatigue models based on a critical plane approach. The results obtained allow the effects of the residual stress due to running-in to be quantified. The analysis method is also applied to test disk experiments to compare the predicted fatigue life with the observed onset of micropitting