Using of Open Access Institutional Repository Policy for collecting content in OAIRs

The main objective of this study is to investigate how OAIRs policy can be used to collect the content in OAIRs. Systematic random and purposive sampling procedures were used to obtain a total of 292 respondents and 8 key informants. A structured questionnaire, in depth interview and secondary data were used to collect quantitative data and qualitative data. Quantitative data were analyzed by using SPSS version 22 and qualitative data were analyzed by using content analysis. Key findings revealed that 46.2% of respondents were aware of the OAIR policies and more than half (54.8%) were not aware of the OAIR policies. The findings also revealed that 45.5 % of the respondents indicated that OAIRs policy are used to the recruitment of the content, specify the type of content to be held, identify who should access the content and direct how to preserve the content in OAIRs. Furthermore, 24.5% of the respondents indicated that training on procedures and guidelines, 18.5% mandate faculty members to submit their scholarly publication in the OAIRs, upload OAIRs policy in OAIRs page and 16.3% make OAIRs policy accessible through the university website will enhance the growth of collection in OAIRs. The study concluded that OAIR policies may cover a number of issues, and without a policy to guide users, OAIRs may remain virtually empty without content. Therefore, creating awareness on OAIRs, and OAIRs policy should be more emphasized on submission to enhance the growth of collection in OAIRs

Corrigendum to: Comparison of Five Common Analyzers in the Measurement of Chemistry Analytes in an Authentic Cohort of Body Fluid Specimens

Corrigendum to "Comparison of Five Common Analyzers in the Measurement of Chemistry Analytes in an Authentic Cohort of Body Fluid Specimens

Comparison of Five Common Analyzers in the Measurement of Chemistry Analytes in an Authentic Cohort of Body Fluid Specimens

OBJECTIVES: Interpretation of body fluid (BF) results is based on published studies and clinical guidelines. The aim of this study is to determine whether the assays from five common commercial vendors produce similar results in BFs for 12 analytes in a BF cohort. METHODS: BFs (n = 25) and serum (n = 5) were analyzed on five instruments (Roche cobas c501, Ortho 5600, Beckman AU5800 and DXI800, Siemens Vista 1500, and Abbott Architect c8000) to measure albumin, amylase, total bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase, total protein, triglycerides, urea nitrogen, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Deming regression and Bland-Altman analysis were used for method comparison to Roche. RESULTS: Results were significantly different from Roche for LDH and lipase on Ortho and lipase on Siemens but similar for both BFs and serum. BF differences were larger than serum differences when measuring creatinine, glucose, and urea nitrogen on Ortho and glucose on Siemens. CONCLUSIONS: Five instruments used to perform BF testing produce results that are not significantly different except for lipase and LDH measurements. Bias of similar magnitude observed in both BF and serum should not affect interpretation. Further investigations into Ortho and Siemens measuring glucose and Ortho measuring creatinine and urea nitrogen are warranted

Using open access institutional repository policy to improve content in four Tanzanian public universities

ArticleRationale of Study – This study investigated how OAIR policy can be used to improve OAIR contents. Specifically, the study sought to determine the level of awareness of the OAIR policy among academic staff members in the selected universities, examine the use of OAIR policy in the collection of OAIR contents in the selected universities, and find out how the OAIR policy can be used to improve the growth of OAIR content. Methodology – Systematic random and purposive sampling procedures were used to obtain the study sample. The sample size included 413 academic staff and eight key informants. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained from a structured questionnaire, interview and secondary data. Data were analysed by using SPSS version 22 and content analysis. Findings – Key findings revealed that 46.2 per cent of the respondents were aware of the OAIR policy. The findings also revealed that 45.5 per cent indicated that OAIR policy directs them to submit their scholarly publications in OAIRs and also specify the types of content to be held in OAIRs. Implications – Therefore, the study concluded that OAIRs policy forms the vital components that have a positive influence on the growth of content in OAIRs without a policy, OAIRs may remain virtually empty. Therefore, creating awareness of OAIR policy and emphasizing more in the area of submission of content would enhance the growth of OAIR content. Originality – This is an original study on how OAIR policy can be used to improve OAIR contents in four public universities in Tanzania

Metallation and mismetallation of iron and manganese proteins in vitro and in vivo: the class I ribonucleotide reductases as a case study

How cells ensure correct metallation of a given protein and whether a degree of promiscuity in metal binding has evolved are largely unanswered questions. In a classic case, iron- and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutases (SODs) catalyze the disproportionation of superoxide using highly similar protein scaffolds and nearly identical active sites. However, most of these enzymes are active with only one metal, although both metals can bind in vitro and in vivo. Iron(II) and manganese(II) bind weakly to most proteins and possess similar coordination preferences. Their distinct redox properties suggest that they are unlikely to be interchangeable in biological systems except when they function in Lewis acid catalytic roles, yet recent work suggests this is not always the case. This review summarizes the diversity of ways in which iron and manganese are substituted in similar or identical protein frameworks. As models, we discuss (1) enzymes, such as epimerases, thought to use Fe[superscript II] as a Lewis acid under normal growth conditions but which switch to Mn[superscript II] under oxidative stress; (2) extradiol dioxygenases, which have been found to use both Fe[superscript II] and Mn[superscript II], the redox role of which in catalysis remains to be elucidated; (3) SODs, which use redox chemistry and are generally metal-specific; and (4) the class I ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs), which have evolved unique biosynthetic pathways to control metallation. The primary focus is the class Ib RNRs, which can catalyze formation of a stable radical on a tyrosine residue in their β2 subunits using either a di-iron or a recently characterized dimanganese cofactor. The physiological roles of enzymes that can switch between iron and manganese cofactors are discussed, as are insights obtained from the studies of many groups regarding iron and manganese homeostasis and the divergent and convergent strategies organisms use for control of protein metallation. We propose that, in many of the systems discussed, “discrimination” between metals is not performed by the protein itself, but it is instead determined by the environment in which the protein is expressed.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant GM81393

Usage patterns of Open Access Institutional Repositories in Tanzania: A Case of Selected Public Universities

The purpose of this study was to investigate the usage patterns of OAIRs among university community members in Tanzania universities. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model used to guide this study. The study employed a cross-sectional research design. Systematic random and purposive sampling procedures were used to obtain a total of 292 respondents and eight key informants respectively. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were analyzed by using SPSS and qualitative data were analyzed by using content analysis. The study found that 54.5% of the respondents indicated the use of OAIRs are to collect, preserve and disseminate scholarly publications and 54.5% to provide information resources for teaching, learning, and research. The study found that faculty members are using OAIRs very often. 66.4% of the respondents indicated that factors motivate to use OAIRs are to enjoy access to articles without hindrance and charges, 54.5% provisional of open access to a wider audience of researchers and 47.4% to increase the impact of researchers’ work. The study found that challenges influencing the use of OAIRs are low level of awareness, lack of ICTs infrastructure and lack of skills in using OAIRs. The study concludes that there is still much to be done in Tanzanian universities to improve the extent of OAIRs usage. The study recommends for provisional of skills in using OAIRs, stable ICTs facilities such as enough computers, Internet, and creation of more awareness on the use of OAIRs

Factors Affecting Perception and Attitude of Maasai Community Towards Vocational Education Training Enrollment in Monduli District

This study was intended to analyze the factors affecting perception and attitude of Maasai community towards vocational education training enrollment in Monduli district. The worldwide trend of education and specifically in Tanzania’s is towards Vocational Education Training (VET) which emphasizes on practical training that is ‘hands – on’ instead of theoretical studies. The raise of students in vocational education from diverse population in Tanzania provide a relevance on the significance of this education to the community but the enrolment of maasai youth in this education is very little measure up to other areas in Tanzania. This study employed quantitative descriptive cross sectional designs. It has been selected to be used in this study because it is inexpensive method, efficient to use, with greater chance of generalization, and could be used to study entire populations or a representative sample. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 programs, frequency distributions and pie chart based on objectives. The study findings revealed that there is a possibility to make a great increase of VET enrollment through Workshop and seminars to maasai community which is supported by 53 %( 100). The study concluded that in the process of enrolment it is possible to accommodate and have many youth from Maasai community enrolled with VET, however VET is more challenging due to cultural context, and girls are considered as a source of wealth of cattle they can bring in as bride price. The study recommended that vocational skill trainings should start in early stage especially primary schools encouraged so that even after primary education, youth are able to maintain themselves in the future and develop their awareness and expertise when enrolled to VET