An overview of the molecular pathology of ovarian carcinomas

Ovarian cancer is the 6th most common cancer in women. The main epithelial subtypes of ovarian cancer include high grade serous carcinoma, low grade serous carcinoma, endometrioid ovarian carcinoma, clear cell ovarian carcinoma and mucinous ovarian carcinoma. Our knowledge of the molecular basis of ovarian cancer has exponentially increased in the last few decades such that each subtype is now regarded as a distinct disease with specific morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics that allow for more personalized treatment. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular pathology of the commonest types of epithelial ovarian carcinomas. This includes discussion of the scope of current molecular testing available in diagnostic practice and future avenues for testing as a result of translational studies. We also discuss the importance of pathologist involvement in molecular testing pathways, tumour board discussion and trial conduct with respect to ovarian cancer.</p

Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC) network proposal for a consensus gene panel for pan-cancer sequencing: a Delphi methodology

\ua9 Crown 2025.Background: The Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC) Network supports UK-wide access to experimental cancer therapies, many of which require specific genomic alterations. This study aimed to develop expert consensus on essential genes for a pan-cancer sequencing panel, involving subject matter experts (SMEs) from the ECMC Network and the pharmaceutical industry. Methods: A pilot with 8 SMEs graded 526 genes, refining the list to 210. A three-round Delphi process was then used, with SMEs iteratively evaluating each gene. In the final round, SMEs also assessed the inclusion of tumour mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and mutation types (structural variations, copy number variations, and/or fusions). Results: Consensus was reached on a final panel of 99 genes applicable across multiple cancers. High agreement was also achieved for including TMB, MSI, and screening for structural variations, copy number variants, and fusions. The panel is intended for both adult and paediatric tumour types. Conclusions: This consensus-based gene panel offers a standardised approach to pan-cancer genomic screening. It supports harmonised diagnostics and could improve patient access to personalised therapies and research trials across clinical and NHS settings