To study the influence of cooling holes in a combustor using CFD

Combustion process is the complex phenomena involving the principles of fluid dynamics, thermodynamics and the chemical kinetics, which occurs in the limited space available inside the combustor. Moreover, proper combustion is the essence to enhance overall combustor efficiency. Combustor liner is provided with the cooling slots i.e. Film cooling and effusion cooling, to accomplice complete combustion and giving optimum temperature gradient required by the turbine blade. These cooling procedures will protect vulnerable combustor liner from hot combusted gas. In order to evince the effect of cooling slots, approach has been made to analyze combustor geometry using the application of CFD tools

PENGURUSAN KEWANGAN MAHASISWA FAKULTI KEILMUAN ISLAM KOLEJ UNIVERSITI ISLAM MELAKA (KUIM)MENERUSI MAQASID SYARIAH

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenalpasti Pengurusan Perbelanjaan Harian Mahasiswa Fakulti Keilmuan Islam (FKI) dalam Maqasid Syariah. Kajian menggunakan kaedah tinjauan lapangan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Borang soal selidik telah diedarkan bagi tujuan kajian rintis kepada 100 orang responden di Fakulti Keilmuan Islam (FKI). Data yang diperoleh kemudiannya akan dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan kaedah analisis kekerapan dan peratusan dengan menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa mahasiswa tidak mengamalkan pengurusan perbelanjaan harian dalam Maqasid Syariah ketika berbelanja. Secara keseluruhannya, hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa mahasiswa mengetahui tentang pengurusan perbelanjaan harian dalam Maqasid Syariah tetapi tidak diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan seharian

SURFACE RESPONSE METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF NAPROXEN SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLETS

Objective: The current work focuses on the development and optimization of Naproxen 800mg sustained release tablets using surface response methodology.Methods: The drug release was controlled by formulating it into a sustained release tablet. The formulae was developed using various individual concentrations and viscosity grades of HPMC polymers for Naproxen SR tablets. The compatibility of polymers along with pure drug Naproxen was evaluated using FTIR and DSC studies. The tablets were prepared and Pre- and Post-compressional parameters, In-vitro dissolution testing, release rate kinetics and stability studies were evaluated.Results: The FT-IR and DSC spectras confirms the absence of chemical interaction between drug and polymers. All the Pre-compressional and Post-compressional parameters were found to be in limits. From the dissolution testing of all these formulations the low and high level of polymer concentrations which were within the range of Target product profile was determined. The design space as defined by the above experiments is within 21.3 to 22.8 range of the total polymer concentration. The data for stability studies revealed that no considerable differences in drug content and dissolution rates for a period of 6 months as per ICH guidelines.Conclusion: Based on the above results, a design space for all the three polymers was successfully developed within which when the tablets are fabricated, the target product profile will always be achieved. Key-words: Rheumatoid arthritis; Naproxen; Sustained release matrix system; Hydrophilic polymers

Histology staining on in vitro 3D poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) seeded with annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and a combination of annulus fibrosus: nucleus pulposus (1:1) cells with and without fibrin scaffold

Objectives/Research Problem: Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), an FDA-approved, synthetic copolymer has been widely applied in clinical settings as one of the suturing materials. It has been used as cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds because it is bioabsorbable and safe for human use. PLGA can be prepared alone or in combination with other biomaterials such as fibrin to enhance the surface-adhesion properties. Fibrin helps to hold the cells inside the scaffolds and thus minimizes cells lost. This condition facilitates homogeneous cells distribution and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro constructs engineered from PLGA seeded with intervertebral disc (IVD) cells namely annulus fibrosus (AF) cell, nucleus pulposus (NP) cell, and a combination of AF:NP (1:1) with and without fibrin using histology staining. Materials and Method: All cell groups were cultured until passage 1 (P1) prior to seeding step onto the pre-fabricated PLGA scaffolds. Approx. 1.0x106 cells were used per scaffold. The resulted “cells-scaffolds” constructs were cultured for 3-weeks. The microscopic evaluation using H&E, Alcian Blue and Safranin O staining was performed on all constructs at weeks 1, 2 and 3. Results and Discussion: The overall results suggested minimal formation of cartilaginous tissue at week 1 until week 3 in all groups. Formation of cartilaginous tissue is indicated by the presence of cartilage-isolated cells in lacunae spaces. PLGA+Fibrin seeded with AF:NP demonstrated better cellular and ECM distribution than the other PLGA based constructs. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation is noted in most constructs using Alcian Blue staining. However, the presence of proteoglycan-rich matrix was not detected in most constructs using Safranin O staining. This may be due to the immature nature of the in vitro tissue constructs. They have yet to produce cartilage specific proteoglycan-rich matrix. Conclusion: This preliminary study showed that PLGA+Fibrin has the potential to promote early formation of in vitro cartilaginous constructs engineered from the IVD cells. It is hoped that the findings provide a useful information for future research in IVD tissue engineering

Prevalence and determinants of minimum acceptable diet among children between 6–23 months attending an immunization clinic in a tertiary care hospital

Background:  The Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), a composite measure defined by WHO and UNICEF, assesses both Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) and Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF). However, only a small proportion of Indian children achieve MAD, increasing their risk of undernutrition and stunting. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MAD and identify associated socio-demographic factors among children attending an immunization clinic at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Immunization Clinic of Maharaja Jitendra Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Cooch Behar, from September 17 to October 26, 2024. Using purposive sampling, 51 children under two years of age were enrolled. Data collection involved caregiver interviews and anthropometric measurements. Socio-demographic characteristics, feeding practices, and nutritional indicators were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics in Microsoft Excel and IBM-SPSS. Results: The study found that 61.5% of children met the criteria for MAD. MDD was achieved by 64.1%, while MMF was met by 89.7%. Bivariate analysis shows decreased odds of receiving mini-mum acceptable diet with caregiver’s age between 31-40 years (OR=0.429), and 21-30 years (OR=0.364), Islam religion (OR=0.350 and male child (OR=0.788. Higher odds of receiving mini-mum acceptable diet was seen in mothers with >10 years (OR= 6.750) and 5-10 years (OR=5.250) of schooling; nuclear families (OR=1.964); Middle class as per BG Prasad scale (OR=3.33); age of child (OR=2.8) and children with 0-1 siblings (OR=2.0). Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of maternal education and socioeconomic status in achieving optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. Strengthening educational programs and economic support initiatives for caregivers can significantly enhance child nutrition outcomes in India. Future research should explore seasonality and broader demographic variations to refine targeted nutrition interventions

The association between interleukin 6 −174 G/C gene polymorphism and the risk of osteoporosis: A meta-analysis

أهداف البحث: تهدف هذه الدراسة للتحقيق في العلاقة بين تعدد الأشكال الجينية للجين IL 6-174 G/C وخطر هشاشة العظام باستخدام التحليل التلوي. طرق البحث: تم البحث عن المقالات المنشورة في قاعدة المعلوماتPubMed و EMBASE المؤهلة للنشر. واُستخرجت المعلومات التالية من كل بحث: اسم الباحث الأول، سنة النشر، بلد المنشأ، حجم عينة الحالات والضوابط٬ وحجم كل أليل. كما تم تقييم نسبة الأرجحية المشتركة وفترة الثقة ٩٥٪ للعلاقة بين تعدد الأشكال الجينية للجين IL 6-174 G/C مع خطر هشاشة العظام باستخدام نموذج الأثر العشوائي أو الثابت. واستخدام التحليل التلوي الشامل لتحليل البيانات. النتائج: شملت الدراسة ١٢ بحثا (٤٩٢٣حالة ⁄ ٣٤٣١ ضابطة) في التحليل التلوي. وأظهرت النتائج أن الجين IL 6-174 G/C متعدد الأشكال الجينية كان مرتبطا بزيادة (G vs C) وانخفاض خطورة حدوث هشاشة العظام (G vs C). الاستنتاجات: أظهر الجين متعدد الأشكال IL 6-174 G/Cارتباطا إيجابيا مع خطورة حدوث هشاشة العظام