Isolated liver tuberculosis

Isolated liver tuberculosis is still considered a rare condition and its atypical clinical presentation challenges the clinical acumen of the treating physician. There is difficulty in reaching the correct preoperative diagnosis of nodular hepatic tuberculosis that presents as a space-occupying lesion. It is usually unsuspected and confused with primary or metastatic carcinoma of the liver. In this report, we describe a rare case of isolated liver tuberculosis

Capacitance-Voltage Characteristics of Nanowire Trigate MOSFET Considering Wave Function Penetration

Short channel  effects on the gate capacitance of nanowire trigate MOS field-effect transistors are studied considering wave function penetration. Capacitance-Voltage (C‑V) measurements are commonly used in studying gate-oxide quality in detail.  C‑V test results offer a wealth of device and process information, including bulk and interface charges. Capacitance indicates switching speed of the MOSFET. It is our goal to minimize capacitance as possible as we can in MOSFET. Due to our necessary to compact the Integrated Circuit as possible as we can for getting small electronics devices. Capacitance determines the speed of the IC. Every engineer in this section should know capacitance of his implementing device MOSFET to get exact result from this device. Whenever we deal with 10X10 nm scale or less device of MOSFET. We must concern the effect of wave function penetration into device in this stage classical mechanics fails to describe exact result of the system because electron can move in only one direction (x), in 3 Dimension, it cannot move in other two direction (y, z). i.e. confined in two direction which is not predictable by classical mechanics here quantum mechanics (QM) gives better solution of this problem. Therefore we consider QM in our study. Here we presented how wave function play vital role considering small area of trigate MOSFET. It is the analytical approach of QM and highly recommendation to use QM rather than CM to get accuracy. This result will be helpful for determining capacitance of trigate MOSFET.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i6.178

Accessibility of primary education facilities to students with disabilities: a study in the context of disasters in Jashore, Bangladesh

Purpose – In disaster-prone countries such as Bangladesh, integrating disabled kids into education is critical to national development. While kids with disabilities experience disasters differently, prioritizing their education is even more crucial. Coastal Bangladesh is exposed to growing calamities, and disabled pupils experience severe challenges because of their constraints. The study aims to investigate the extent to which coastal Bangladeshi primary schools accommodate disabled students during disasters. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 20 primary schools were investigated. A total of 35 in-depth interviews, 20 key informant interviews, 10 focus group discussions, a physical checklist and a curriculum review were conducted. Findings – A total of 51.43% of students with disabilities were male, and five types of disabilities were identified, including hearing, visual, speech, intellectual and physical. Disasters include rain, earthquakes, fires, thunderstorms, sound pollution, water logging, etc. A total of 43.7% of the teachers attended disaster management training or workshops, while only 50% participated in disability-related disaster management training. Disability-friendly infrastructure such as school ramps is a strength, but parent and teacher ignorance is a weakness. Moreover, impaired students’ growing enthusiasm to learn is their greatest strength, whereas their largest weakness is parental ignorance of their education. Some texts from Grades I to V cover disability and disaster safety but none provide disabled student disaster management. Practical implications – The outcome of this study is aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 4, and thus could help to inform initiatives to create more inclusive education systems, such as providing additional resources for students with disabilities. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge and as the first study to analyze the readiness of primary schools to accommodate special children, this report is of particular importance

Soil Evaluation for Crops Cultivation

Our thesis has focused on cultivation of 55(fifty five) crops in 2(two) districts of Bangladesh. The classification of crop was based on the elements of soil and some other soil states. Classification algorithms we used are Random Forest, J48 Decision Tree, KNN, Neural Network, Naïve Bayes, SVM and some other algorithms. These algorithms give different % of accuracy. The main purpose of the thesis to make a proper way to find the crop which is suitable with the elements and state of a soil sample for maximum result. The main problem we faced the shortage of data and making the limited data suitable for a minimum level of accuracy for every algorithm we used. The data book was collected from Soil Research & Development Institute (SRDI), Khamarbari, Dhaka

A review of 2.45 GHz microstrip patch antennas for wireless applications

Recently, microstrip patch antennas have become popular. Due to their ubiquity, these antennas have more uses every day. In this research paper, a 2.45 GHz microstrip patch antenna has been reviewed and analyzed. Different substrate materials have been used to make these antennas, and their thickness is different. Various antennas are designed based on the application, such as rectangular, square, triangle, ring, donut, and dipole. Other types of software were used to design the antenna, including CST, HFSS, MATLAB, ADS, and FEKO. Microstrip patch antenna design is a relatively new field of study for wireless applications. Several devices are linked to send or receive radio waves using a single antenna. Antennas designed for 2.45 GHz are used in various wireless communication systems, including television broadcasts, microwave ovens, mobile phones, wireless local area network (WLAN), Bluetooth, global positioning system (GPS), and two-way radios. This article looks at the geometric structures of antennas, including their many parameters and materials and the many different shapes they can take. In addition, the substrate materials, the loss tangent, the thickness, the return loss, the bandwidth, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), the gain, and the directivity of previous articles will also be discussed

Antibody level against COVID-19 among the vaccinated infected and non-infected doctors by SARS-COV-2: A Comparative study

Introduction: A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) emerged at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China named as COVID-19. IgM, the first antibody produced by the body, is generated gradually 1 week after symptom onset and declines by 4 weeks after the COVID infection. In this background, the antibody response was observed in vaccinated (by Oxford-AstraZeneca) doctors of SSMC(Sir Salimullah Medical College) with or without previous COVID-19 infection. Methodology: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at SSMC and BSMMU. A total of 70 doctors of SSMC aged 25-59 years were enrolled according to inclusion criteria. Among them 35 vaccinated doctors were previously infected by SARS-CoV-2 regarded as group A and another vaccinated 35 doctors were non-infected regarded as group B. Collected data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science 26 (SPSS 26). The data were expressed as frequency and percentage, mean ± SD for normally distributed data or median (inter-quartile rage) for data not normally distributed. Mann-Whitney test was done to compare IgG status between vaccinated SARS-CoV-2 infected and non-infected individuals. Result: There was significantly higher level of antibodies (serum IgG level) present in fully vaccinated doctors with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection than in only vaccinated doctors without prior infection