Organizational Climate and the Theory of Human Caring in Hospitals

Patient care in hospitals has become perfunctory, task focused, and void of a personalized human connection, which has become an area of concern among scholars since the 1970s. This experimental, post-test only, control-group study with a purposive patient and clinical staff sample explored the relationship between human caring and patient satisfaction; and the role of leadership in transforming the organizational culture in an long term acute care hospital (LTACH) setting implanting the Magnet initiatives.https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/archivedposters/1083/thumbnail.jp

Antigenic and immunogenic characterisation of avian reoviruses

The antigenic relationship of 9 avian reoviruses of Australian origin was investigated by comparing the protein migration patterns of immunoprecipitated isotopically-labelled infected cell lysates in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE). Close agreement with previously reported neutralisation test results and the precipitation of the σC protein was obtained. The results suggested that the σC protein was the major neutralisation protein, that it confers type-specificity to avian reoviruses, and is analogous to the g σ1 protein of mammalian reoviruses. Nine selected avian reovirus isolates were assigned to 4 antigenic groups based upon precipitation of the σC protein. Reassortants were produced between the parent viruses with the ability to replicate in Vero cells and those that were unable to replicate in Vero cells. Of the 9 reassortants examined, 8 were able to grow in Vero cells. Two gene segments, M2 and SI always originated from the parent virus (RAM-1) able to grow in Vero cells and never from the parent virus unable to grow in Vero cells. These results suggested that either the M2 or the SI gene segments were associated with the ability of the reassortant viruses to replicate in Vero cells, although 4 other gene segments in all the parent reoviruses used exhibited a similar migration rate during SDS-PAGE and their possible role in the replication of virus in Vero cells could not be determined. Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the Vero cell-adapted RAM-1 strain of avian reovirus were induced for use as potential vaccine strains in Australia. During these experiments it was also determined that the parent RAM-1 strain already possessed ts characteristics. The virulence of one of the ts mutant (P20) selected for further study was compared to the parent virus and 2 other strains of avian reovirus. It was determined that both the parent RAM-1 virus and the ts mutant P20 had lower virulence for chickens than the 2 other strains of reovirus examined (724 and 1091) and that the virulence was dose-dependent. Multiple immunisation of chickens with the RAM-1 strain of virus resulted in the production of high titres of neutralising antibody to the homologous virus and to 2 other antigenically heterologous viruses (724 and 1091) with the passive transfer of these antibodies to progeny chickens via the egg yolk. Challenge experiments using high titred virus to induce tenosynovitis lesions showed that progeny chickens from hens immunised with the RAM-1 strain were protected against challenge with the homologous RAM-1 strain, were partially protected against challenge with the heterologous virus strain 724 but were not protected against challenge with the virus strain 1091. The results indicated that protection against avian reovirus infection in Australia would probably require the use of a polyvalent vaccine, and that selection of the appropriate vaccine strain should be based upon identification of the type-specific σC protein in isolates associated with disease

Adolescent Gujurati Indians in New Zealand : their socialisation and education

This study explores questions concerning the education of young New Zealand Gujurati Indians - the social experience of their schooling, the influence of the school system and the formal curriculum on their socialisation and their socialisation within their own home and community. More than eighty per cent of the Indian population in New Zealand come from the province of Gujurat in Western India. The New Zealand education system plays an important part for these people because it is the main means by which younger immigrants are introduced to the dominant culture of the host society. All secondary schools in the greater Wellington area were contacted for Gujurati Indian pupils in the fifth form year. In total, thirty eight Gujurati pupils were interviewed as per an interview schedule. The interviews were generally a half an hour to an hour long. The data was analysed descriptively and qualitatively. The first part of this study introduces the Gujurati Indian community in New Zealand and a brief background of their history of migration is given. A discussion of the relevant studies of immigrant Indian communities follows. Questions raised in this study for research are outlined in the next section and results given. A discussion of these results follows with conclusions drawn in the study as a whole. It was found that the Gujurati adolescents participate in and identify with both their own ethnic group and their adopted society. However, they do not seem to be firmly embedded in one group i.e. their own Gujurati community, participating in the other i.e. the New Zealand western society, to a slightly lesser degree. These children are acutely aware of the boundaries of participation that they are allowed to enter into before the bridge of conflict needs crossing