TRADE POLICY DEVELOPMENTS AFFECTING COTTON

Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,

FOOD AND NUTRITION PROGRAMS IN THE NEXT FARM BILL

Policy, Food, Nutrition, Costs, Benefits, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Q10, Q13, Q18,

Mode-matching without root-finding: Application to a dissipative silencer

This article presents an analytic mode-matching approach suitable for modelling the propagation of sound in a two-dimensional, three-part, ducting system. The approach avoids the need to the find roots of the characteristic equation for the middle section of the duct (the component) and is readily applicable to a broad class of problems. It is demonstrated that the system of equations, derived via analytic mode-matching, exhibits certain features which ensure that they can be re-cast into a form that is independent of the roots of the characteristic equation for the component. The precise details of the component are irrelevant to the procedure; it is required only that there exists an orthogonality relation, or similar, for the eigenmodes corresponding to the propagating wave-forms in this region. The method is applied here to a simple problem involving acoustic transmission through a dissipative silencer of the type commonly found in heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) ducts. With reference to this example, the silencer transmission loss is computed, and the power balance for the silencer is investigated and is shown to be an identity that is necessarily satisfied by the system of equations, regardless of the level of truncation

A model theory for the fibrous absorber. Part 1: Regular fibre arrangements

The axial propagation of sound waves in a model consisting of parallel fibers is calculated. The viscous forces and the thermal conduction are taken into account. This leads to viscous waves and to thermal waves besides the usual acoustic compression wave. The potential function for the total field near a fiber is treated as the superposition of the radiated field from the fiber itself and of the scattered fields from all the other fibers. The explicit field equations for a regular square fiber arrangement is derived and the influence of the order of symmetry of the arrangement is discussed. This leads to simplifications in the field equations and to field equations for the case of a homogeneous fiber distribution

MARKETING LOAN IMPACTS - RICE AND COTTON

Crop Production/Industries,

A point collocation approach to modelling large dissipative silencers

A numerical matching technique known as point collocation is used to model mathematically large dissipative splitter silencers of a type commonly found in HVAC ducts. Transmission loss predictions obtained using point collocation are compared with exact analytic mode matching predictions in the absence of mean flow. Over the frequency range in which analytic mode matching predictions are available, excellent agreement with point collocation transmission loss predictions is observed for a range of large splitter silencers. The validity of using point collocation to tackle large dissipative silencers is established, as is the computational efficiency of the method and its suitability for tackling dissipative silencers of arbitrary, but axially uniform, cross sections

QUALITY RESTRICTIONS AS BARRIERS TO TRADE: THE CASE OF EUROPEAN COMMUNITY REGULATIONS ON THE USE OF HORMONES

Sanitary regulations, product definitions, grades, production or processing regulations, and other qualitative standards are generally applied to both domestic production and imported goods. These quality restrictions can be seen as trade barriers, although it is often difficult to determine whether a given restriction is based on legitimate health or safety concerns or is simply an alternative device for protecting producers. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the welfare effects of a recent quality regulation, the European Community ban on the use of hormones in livestock production. A conceptual framework is developed to analyze the effects of the ban on the market for edible offals. The results indicate that Community prices for edible offals will increase 34% to 45%, while the world price will fall by at least 35%.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade,

Potential Impacts of Food Borne Ill Incidence on Market Movements and Prices of Fresh Produce in the US

For many decades, fresh fruits and vegetables enjoyed a reputation as the healthiest products full of essential vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial substances for a balanced diet. However, numerous recent food outbreaks associated with fresh produce have raised concerns on the mind of the consumer. Following an outbreak, consumers reduce their immediate consumption of the affected products. Even tough fresh fruits and vegetables have unique characteristics and flavors, consumers tend to substitute affected outbreak products with other fruits and vegetables. The potential impact of food borne illness on consumption has also a longer term impact, reducing consumption of the products over a period of several months after the outbreak. This paper used historical decomposition analysis to study both, the contemporaneous and lagged effects of food borne illness in the fresh produce industry using three case studies, spinach, cantaloupes, and tomatoes.Food safety, fresh produce, historical decomposition, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN DISPUTES OVER TRADE REMEDY AND RELATED MEASURES IN AGRICULTURE, WITH EXAMPLES FROM RECENT CASES

International Relations/Trade,

Food Safety Standards for the U. S. Fresh Produce Industry

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Q18,