Selenium uptake by edible plants from enriched peat.

As a constituent of selenoproteins, selenium (Se) is considered an essential element for human health.The main way that Se enters the body is via the consumption of vegetables, whose concentration of thiselement depends on soil Se content. We grew cabbage, lettuce, chard and parsley, in peat enriched in Seby means of the additive Selcote Ultra®and Na2SeO3and Na2SeO4. Total Se in plants was determinedby acidic digestion and Se speciation by an enzymatic extraction. Both were measured by ICP/MS. Theconcentration ranges were between 0.1 mg Se kg−1and 30 mg Se kg−1for plants grown in Selcote Ultra®media, and between 0.4 mg Se kg−1and 1606 mg Se kg−1for those grown in peat enriched with Se sodiumsalts. We found Se (IV), Se (VI) and SeMet in all the extracts. Peat fortified with Selcote Ultra®gave slightlyhigher Se concentration than natural content values. For plants grown with selenium sodium salts, Secontent increases with the Se added and part of the inorganic Se was converted mainly to SeMet. A highSe fortification can damage or inhibit plant growth. Cabbage showed the greatest tolerance to Se

Effect of selenium treated broccoli on herbivory and oviposition preferencesof Delia radicum and Phyllotreta spp.

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Selenium as a Protective Agent Against Pests: A Review

The aim of the present review is to summarize selenium’s connection to pests. Phytopharmaceuticals for pest control, which increase the pollution in the environment, are still widely used nowadays regardless of their negative characteristics. The use of trace elements, including selenium, can be an alternative method of pest control. Selenium can repel pests, reduce their growth, or cause toxic effects while having a positive effect on the growth of plants. In conclusion, accumulated selenium protects plants against aphids, weevils, cabbage loopers, cabbage root flies, beetles, caterpillars, and crickets due to both deterrence and toxicity.</jats:p

Selenium as a Protective Agent against Pests: A Review

The aim of the present review is to summarize selenium&rsquo;s connection to pests. Phytopharmaceuticals for pest control, which increase the pollution in the environment, are still widely used nowadays regardless of their negative characteristics. The use of trace elements, including selenium, can be an alternative method of pest control. Selenium can repel pests, reduce their growth, or cause toxic effects while having a positive effect on the growth of plants. In conclusion, accumulated selenium protects plants against aphids, weevils, cabbage loopers, cabbage root flies, beetles, caterpillars, and crickets due to both deterrence and toxicity

Odziv vrste Berula erecta na nizke koncentracije NaCl in vitro

Macrophyte Berula erecta, grown in tissue culture, was exposed to various low concentrations of NaCl in the water (1–100 mg L-1). Added NaCl had a positive effect on plant’s growth and development. The number of shoots increased, as well as the length of the roots. The lowest concentration (1 mg L-1) increased photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) while the highest (100 mg L-1) slightly decreased it. Chlorophyll content was negatively affected by NaCl addition after 3 weeks. Carotenoid and anthocyanin levels were firstly raised and later lowered in NaCl treatment comparing to control. Overall, added NaCl had no negative effect on plants morphology, while decreased amount of pigments was observed.Makrofit ozkolistni koščec (Berula erecta), gojen v tkivni kulturi, smo izpostavili različnim koncentracijam NaCl v vodi (1–100 mg L-1). Dodani NaCl je pozitivno vplival na rast in razvoj rastline. Število poganjkov se je povečalo v primerjavi s kontrolo, prav tako so bile korenine rastlin, izpostavljene NaCl, daljše kot pri kontrolnih rastlinah. Nizka koncentracija NaCl (1 mg L-1) je povišala vrednostfotokemične učinkovitosti, medtem ko je visoka koncetracija (100 mg L-1) rahlo znižala vrednost tega parametra. Vsebnost klorofilov se je ob koncu poskusa občutno znižala pri rastlinah, izpostavljenim NaCl. Vsebnost karotenoidov in antocianinov se je na začetku povišala in nato nižala proti koncu poskusa. Zaključimo lahko, da dodan NaCl ni negativno vplival na morfologijo rastlin, medtem ko je znižal vsebnost barvil v rastlinah

Advances in Alternative Measures in Plant Protection

374 p.Due to increasing concern about the use of pesticides and its potential side effects, this book considers the development and application of alternative, environmental-friendly, plant protection methods for the control of weeds, disease, and pests (predators, parasitoids, competitors, plant-plant interactions, microelements, biopesticides). Some of the main advantages of the measures presented in papers are the absence of toxicity to humans and vertebrates, beneficial organisms, and the environment, as well as the absence of pest resistance. In order to provide sustainable and eco-friendly food production, those are important subjects, both in conventional, organic and integrated agricultural farming. Through reviews and original research articles, this reprint covers all aspects of alternative measures in plant protection

Odziv dveh potopljenih vrst makrofitov Ceratophyllum demersum in Myriophyllum spicatum na selen v vodi

Two submersed macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyl- lum spicatum) were exposed to water containing 10 mg Se(IV) L–1, later transferred to water without Se and exposed again to 10 mg Se(IV) L–1 with the aim to observe the recovery of plants. After each transplantation trial, potential photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, respiratory potential and the amount of photosynthethic pigments and anthocyanins were measured. Photochemical efficiency was similar in all three trials. Electron transport system (ETS) activity increased dramatically in C. demersum plants that were transferred from the water with Se to the water without Se, while ETS activity strongly increased in M. spicatum specimens, when the second time transferred to water containing Se. Alternation in the concentration of Se in the growth media demanded metabolic changes in studied plants. The amount of chlorophylls was higher in plants of M. spicatum growing in water without Se than in exposed plants, while the amount of carotenoids and anthocyanins decreased in the same species grew in water without Se. The amount of Se was higher in plants exposed to Se, while plants that grew in water without Se had lower amount of Se in the tissues.Potopljeni vrsti Ceratophyllum demersum in Myriophyllum spicatum sta bili najprej izpostavljeni koncentraciji 10 mg Se(IV) L–1, kasneje smo rastline prestavili v vodo brez dodanega Se, nato pa ponovno v vodo, ki je vsebovala 10 mg Se(IV) L–1 z namenom, da bi ugotovili, ali sestanje rastlin, ki rastejo v vodi brez Se, izboljša. Po vsaki presaditvi in nekaj dnevih izpostavljenosti rastlin, smo izmerili fotokemično učinkovitost fotosistema II, dihalni potencial ter vsebnost fotosinteznih barvil in antocianov. Vrednosti fotokemične učinkovitosti so bile v vseh obravnavanjih podobne. Menjavanje koncentracij Se v vodi, kjer so uspevale rastline, je povzročilo spremembe v metabolizmu rastlin, kar smoizmerili s pomočjo meritev aktivnosti elektronskega transportnega sistema (ETS). Vsebnost klorofilov je bila višja pri rastlinah vrste M.spicatum, ki je bila izpostavljena Se, medtem ko je bila vsebnost karotenoidov in antocianinov nižja v rastlinah, ki so uspevale v vodi brez dodanega Se. Vsebnost Se je bila višja v rastlinah obeh vrst, ki so bile izpostavljene Se, medtem ko so rastline, ki so rastle v vodi brez dodanega Se vsebovale manj Se