Impact of Organizational Injustice on Employee’s Performance: A Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment

Organizational commitment is very basic and important factor that has been researched from many years. This study is aimed at the assessment of the impacts of organizational commitment on the performance of employees for which different variables were measured. Thus, both the Qualitative and Quantitative methods were adopted to meet the objective of the study. The study was done on the performance of the health sector workers at the civil hospital of Shaheed Benazirabad (old Nawabshah). Almost 222 respondents containing 197 medical and whereas 25 administrative staff were taken for filling out the questionnaire. The respondents were both genders including 135 male and the rest of them were their female counterparts. The findings of the study have brought to the surface that there was a negative relationship between organizational injustice, employees‟ performance and mediating role of organizational commitment. Mostly organizations compensate employees on the basis of favoritism, managers and supervisors treat their subordinates unfairly, unfair decision making and abusive behavior cause organizational injustice that impacts totally negative on employees‟ performance and organizational commitment. The study findings showed that unethical behavior with employees declines performance and damages an organizational commitment. So, it is very important that organizations should treat their employees with positive and fair attitude, organizational justice is very important factor that can motivate employees to be loyal towards their job. It is recommended that there is a dire need of this type to be executed more within the health sectors of Sindh (very great if in Pakistan) in the upcoming days, so the health sector may have the greater chances of being refurbished at the best

Gendered endings: Narratives of male and female suicides in the South African Lowveld

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11013-012-9258-y. Copyright @ Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.Durkheim’s classical theory of suicide rates being a negative index of social solidarity downplays the salience of gendered concerns in suicide. But gendered inequalities have had a negative impact: worldwide significantly more men than women perpetrate fatal suicides. Drawing on narratives of 52 fatal suicides in Bushbuckridge, South Africa, this article suggests that Bourdieu’s concepts of ‘symbolic violence’ and ‘masculine domination’ provide a more appropriate framework for understanding this paradox. I show that the thwarting of investments in dominant masculine positions have been the major precursor to suicides by men. Men tended to take their own lives as a means of escape. By contrast, women perpetrated suicide to protest against the miserable consequences of being dominated by men. However, contra the assumption of Bourdieu’s concept of ‘habitus’, the narrators of suicide stories did reflect critically upon gender constructs

Self-Assembly of an Organized Cementum-Periodontal Ligament-Like Complex Using Scaffold-Free Tissue Engineering

A major challenge in regenerating periodontal tissues is emulating its complex structure containing both mineralized and soft tissues. In this study, scaffold-free tissue constructs engineered using periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), which contain a population of adult stem/progenitor cells, self-assembled into an organized multi-tissue structure comprising a mineralized cementum-like core enclosed within a periodontal ligament (PDL)-like tissue. Scaffold-free engineered constructs were formed by culturing human PDLCs to form a cell sheet on six-well dishes containing two minutien pins placed 7 mm apart. The cell sheet was contracted by the cells to roll into the pins forming a cylindrical construct anchored on either end by the pins. These tissues were approximately 1 mm in diameter and 7 mm long and contained only the cells and their endogenous matrix. These scaffold-free engineered constructs exhibited two structurally distinct tissues, one in the center of the construct and another on the periphery. The center tissue was mineralized and expressed alkaline phosphatase and bone sialoprotein, similar to cementum. The peripheral tissue was not calcified and expressed periodontal ligament-associated protein-1 and periostin, which is characteristic of the periodontal ligament. This tissue organization was seen after in vitro culture and maintained in vivo following subcutaneous implantation in immunocompromised mice. These data demonstrate that scaffold-free tissue engineering facilitates PDLCs to self-assemble into an organized cementum-PDL-like complex. These engineered tissues could be used as implantable grafts to regenerate damaged periodontal tissues or as model systems to study PDLC biology and mechanisms driving organized tissue assembly within the periodontium

Lack of astrocytes hinders parenchymal oligodendrocyte precursor cells from reaching a myelinating state in osmolyte-induced demyelination

Demyelinated lesions in human pons observed after osmotic shifts in serum have been referred to as central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). Astrocytic damage, which is prominent in neuroinflammatory diseases like neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS), is considered the primary event during formation of CPM lesions. Although more data on the effects of astrocyte-derived factors on oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and remyelination are emerging, still little is known about remyelination of lesions with primary astrocytic loss. In autopsy tissue from patients with CPM as well as in an experimental model, we were able to characterize OPC activation and differentiation. Injections of the thymidine-analogue BrdU traced the maturation of OPCs activated in early astrocyte-depleted lesions. We observed rapid activation of the parenchymal NG2+ OPC reservoir in experimental astrocyte-depleted demyelinated lesions, leading to extensive OPC proliferation. One week after lesion initiation, most parenchyma-derived OPCs expressed breast carcinoma amplified sequence-1 (BCAS1), indicating the transition into a pre-myelinating state. Cells derived from this early parenchymal response often presented a dysfunctional morphology with condensed cytoplasm and few extending processes, and were only sparsely detected among myelin-producing or mature oligodendrocytes. Correspondingly, early stages of human CPM lesions also showed reduced astrocyte numbers and non-myelinating BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes with dysfunctional morphology. In the rat model, neural stem cells (NSCs) located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) were activated while the lesion was already partially repopulated with OPCs, giving rise to nestin+ progenitors that generated oligodendroglial lineage cells in the lesion, which was successively repopulated with astrocytes and remyelinated. These nestin+ stem cell-derived progenitors were absent in human CPM cases, which may have contributed to the inefficient lesion repair. The present study points to the importance of astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interactions for remyelination, highlighting the necessity to further determine the impact of astrocyte dysfunction on remyelination inefficiency in demyelinating disorders including MS

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Project on Apartheid

Presented are various essays by the Swarthmore College Sociology Study Group on South Africa, Spring 1984. Topics include white power, white perspectives on blacks, education, labor, homelands, uprooting and resettling, black resistance, women, and external pressure for change

Frequency of Teenage Pregnancy and Frequency of its Complications

Objectives: To determine the frequency of fetomaternal complications among teenage pregnant women. Study design: Descriptive study, cross-sectional study. Settings: Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Civil Hospital Karachi Study duration: 4th February 2019 to 3rd August 2020. Materials &amp; Methods: A total of 126 pregnant women with teenage pregnancies of 13-19 years of age were included. Patients with known medical disorders i.e. PIH, DM were excluded. All teenagers were questioned for demographic particulars like age, parity, ethnicity, antenatal care, qualification, and their height and weight were taken. Clinical details regarding maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy were acquired. The data regarding the demographic characteristics of pregnant teenagers and details about fetal and maternal outcomes were documented. Results: In this study, the age span ranges between 13 and 19 years with a mean age of 17.44 ± 1.63 years. A majority of these patients 100 (79.87%) were between theage group of 17 to 19 years. In this study, the frequency of fetomaternal outcome in teenage pregnancy was as follows; anemia was found in 41 (32.54%), miscarriage in 23 (18.25%) patients, and preterm birth in 45 (35.71%) patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that teenage pregnancy is associated with adverse fetomaternal outcomes so it is recommended that public awareness should be arranged on national and regional levels regarding this major public health issue and to avoid teenage marriages. Keywords: Teenage pregnancy, anemia, preterm birth.</jats:p