690 research outputs found
Acute Effects of Decaffeinated Coffee and the Major Coffee Components Chlorogenic Acid and Trigonelline on Glucose Tolerance
OBJECTIVE: Coffee consumption has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the acute effects of decaffeinated coffee and the major coffee components chlorogenic acid and trigonelline on glucose tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized crossover trial of the effects of 12 g decaffeinated coffee, 1 g chlorogenic acid, 500 mg trigonelline, and placebo (1 g mannitol) on glucose and insulin concentrations during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 15 overweight men. RESULTS Chlorogenic acid and trigonelline ingestion significantly reduced glucose (−0.7 mmol/l, P = 0.007, and −0.5 mmol/l, P = 0.024, respectively) and insulin (−73 pmol/l, P = 0.038, and −117 pmol/l, P = 0.007) concentrations 15 min following an OGTT compared with placebo. None of the treatments affected insulin or glucose area under the curve values during the OGTT compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Chlorogenic acid and trigonelline reduced early glucose and insulin responses during an OGTT
Functional dissection of a gene expression oscillator in C. elegans
Gene expression oscillations control diverse biological processes. One such example of gene expression oscillations, are those found for thousands of genes during C. elegans larval development. However, it remains unclear whether and how gene expression oscillations regulate development processes in C. elegans. In this work, I aimed to study the molecular architecture and the system properties of the C. elegans oscillator to provide insight into potential developmental functions and reveal features that are unique, as well as those that are shared among oscillators.
Here, performing temporally highly resolved mRNA-sequencing across all larval stages (L1-L4) of C. elegans development, we identified 3,739 genes, whose transcripts revealed high-amplitude oscillations (>2-fold from peak to trough), peaking once every larval stage with stable amplitudes, but variable periods. Oscillations appeared tightly coupled to the molts, but were absent from freshly hatched larvae, developmentally arrested dauer larvae and adults. Quantitative characterization of transitions between oscillatory and stable states of the oscillator showed that the stable states are similar to a particular phase of the oscillator, which coincided with molt exit. Given that these transitions are sensitive to food, we
postulate that feeding might impact the state of the oscillator. These features appear rather unique, and hence a better understanding may help to reveal general principles of gene expression oscillators.
Our RNAPII ChIP-seq revealed rhythmic occupancy of RNAPII at the promoters of oscillating genes, suggesting that mRNA transcript oscillations arise from rhythmic transcription. Given that oscillations are coupled to the repetitive molts and that the molecular mechanisms that regulate molting are unknown, we aimed to find transcription factors important for molting and oscillations. Hence, we screened 92 transcription factors that oscillate on the mRNA level for their role in molting and identified grh-1, myrf1, blmp-1, bed-3, nhr-23, nhr-25 and ztf-6. We showed that oscillatory activity of GRH-1 is required for timely completion of the molt, to prevent cuticle rupturing, and for oscillatory expression of structural components of the cuticle and ‘ECM regulators’, among others, including grh-1 itself. Hence, we propose GRH-1 as a putative component of the (sub-)oscillator that regulates molting. We showed that loss of BLMP-1 increased the duration of molts, affected cuticle integrity, and changed the oscillatory dynamics of a subset of genes in diverse ways. We postulate that BLMP-1 acts as factor that couples gene expression oscillations, and potentially sub-oscillators or repetitive developmental processes.
In conclusion, this work provides insight into the function of the oscillator, and its system properties. Moreover, we identified relevant factors, which we propose as a starting point to unravel the molecular wiring of the C. elegans oscillator and its functional relevance
Gedeeld geloof – betere zorg?:De relatie tussen een gedeelde levensbeschouwing en de zorg voor cliënten
Uit onderzoek blijkt dat veel cliënten, en ook sommige hulpverleners, verwachten of de ervaring hebben dat een gedeelde levensbeschouwing gepaard gaat met voordelen voor de praktijk. In dit overzichtsartikel bespreken we studies die aan de hand van een empirisch onderzoek op hoofdzakelijk kwantitatieve wijze de relatie tussen een gedeelde levensbeschouwing en de zorgpraktijk of -uitkomsten hebben onderzocht. In het beperkte aantal studies dat deze relatie tot nu toe onderzocht heeft, wordt veelal geen significant verband gevonden tussen het hebben van een gedeelde levensbeschouwing en de zorgpraktijk of -uitkomsten. Dit geldt zowel voor zorg verleend door geestelijk verzorgers alsook door (andere) hulpverleners in de ggz. Mogelijke verklaringen hiervoor worden gezocht in de competenties van hulpverleners om levensbeschouwelijke verschillen te overbruggen en in veranderingen in het levensbeschouwelijk landschap van West-Europese landen en Amerika. De bevindingen kunnen gezien worden als aanmoediging voor cliënten en hulpverleners om negatieve verwachtingen ten aanzien van levensbeschouwelijke verschillen niet leidend te laten zijn en te zoeken naar manieren om verschillen te overbruggen in de zorgpraktijk
‘Geloven is niet goed voor jou’:Verwachtingen en ervaringen van cliënten en hulpverleners bij een verschil in levensbeschouwing
Een belangrijk deel van de cliënten in de ggz stelt een vergelijkbare levensbeschouwing met de hulpverlener op prijs. Het huidige artikel geeft een overzicht van recent onderzoek in Nederland, met een focus op de verwachtingen en ervaringen die hulpverleners en cliënten hebben ten aanzien van levensbeschouwelijke overeenkomsten of verschillen. De beschreven resultaten vormen een samenvoeging van verschillende onderzoeken: een kwantitatief onderzoek onder 201 geestelijk verzorgers, een kwalitatieve studie onder 35 ggz cliënten en 18 hulpverleners in de ggz en een kwantitatief onderzoek onder 201 cliënten uit dezelfde bronpopulatie. Cliënten en geestelijk verzorgers schatten de nadelen van levensbeschouwelijke verschillen groter in dan andere hulpverleners. Cliënten verwachten onbegrip, veroordeling of zelfs tegenwerking en een deel van de geestelijk verzorgers verwacht een lagere waardering van de gesprekken. Het is relevant als hulpverleners zich bewust zijn van de negatieve verwachtingen die een cliënt kan hebben, zodat hierop ingespeeld kan worden en deze waar mogelijk kunnen worden omgezet in een positieve ervaring
The experiences of living with a suicidal family member, and the impact on daily life: A systematic review and meta-aggregation
INTRODUCTION: Because of the pivotal role that family members play in caring for their suicidal relative, insight into their experiences is necessary to develop good support for them. AIM: This systematic review aimed to aggregate qualitative research examining the experiences of family members living with their suicidal relative, and their impact on daily life. METHODS: Systematic searches, covering the period 2000-2022, were conducted in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Ovid Nursing database and CINAHL. The JBI-QARI meta-aggregation approach and the PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Six themes were identified: The hard job of managing the risk of suicide; contributing to the relative's survival; struggling with professional care; being in a lonely position; pressure on relationships; and disruption of well-being. DISCUSSION: The constant worry of losing their relative and ever-present vigilance dominates their lives in such a way that their well-being may be decreased. Professionals often overlook family members, which leads to feelings of powerlessness and loneliness. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Collaborating with families in treatment, allowing them to share information and supporting them in the care at home may lead to better outcomes for both the family and their suicidal relative
Rhodococcus equi Infection after Alemtuzumab Therapy for T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia
Rhodococcus equi, mainly known from veterinary medicine as a pathogen in domestic animals, can also cause infections in immunocompromised humans, especially in those with defects in cellular immunity. Alemtuzumab, an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, causes lymphocytopenia by eliminating CD52-positive cells. We report a patient in whom Rhodococcus equi infection developed after alemtuzumab therapy
Oleic Acid and Its Positional Isomer, cis-Vaccinic Acid, in the Appendix of Sauromatum guttatum during Anthesis
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