Geochemistry and tectonic setting of pre-collision Cretaceous and Paleogene volcanic rocks of Ecuador

Etude et caractérisation géochimique des roches volcaniques de la zone cotière et de la Cordillère occidentale de la Bolivie. Proposition d'un modèle d'évolution géodynamique de cette partie de la chaîne des Andes au cours du Crétacé supérieur

Evaluation of a Vibrotactile Device For Outdoor and Public Transport Pedestrian Navigation Using Virtual Reality

International audienceIt can be difficult to find your way in public transport, especially when the journey combines indoor and outdoor trans-portation. We designed an innovative vibrotactile device dedicated to guide a pedestrian in public transport. This multi-modal interface can be used to guide a pedestrian in unknown public transport. The device can be used by visually impaired person. The device has been tested during two main phases. The first step was to test the device using virtual reality while the second step test was to test the device in a real environment. This paper presents the first part of the evaluation of the device. We have developed a virtual reality scenario to assess the objective and subjective utility of the device. The results showed that the device could properly guide users. We also evaluated the usefulness of a warning vibration preceding a message. It was found that the vibration seems to introduce confusion to the pattern recognition by the user

A neoproterozoic age for the chromitite and gabbro of the Tapo Ultramafic Massif, Eastern Cordillera, Central Peru, and its tectonic implications

The ultramafic-mafic rocks of the Tapo Complex are exposed in the Eastern Cordillera of the Central Peruvian Andes. This complex is composed of serpentinised peridotites and metabasites with some podiform chromitite lenses and chromite disseminations and overlies the sandstones, conglomerates, and tuffs of the Carboniferous Ambo Group. The metagabbros and amphibolites showa tholeiitic affiliation and a flat REE spider diagram, with a slight LREE depletion and a positive Eu anomaly suggesting magmatic accumulation of plagioclase, in an ocean ridge or ocean island environment. Sm-Nd isotopic analyses were performed on chromite as well as on whole rock from the gabbro. All samples yielded an Sm-Nd isochrone age of718 ± 47 Ma with an initial 143Nd/l44Nd of0.51213 ± 0.00005. The Nd (718 Ma) values calculated for both chromite and gabbro are in close agreement, around 8.0, implying that they were formed at the same time from the same mantelic magma source. Furthermore a K-Ar age on amphibole of 448 ± 26 Ma was obtained, interpreted as the cooling age of a younger orogenic event. These rocks represent slices of oceanic crust (from a dismembered ophiolitic complex), metamorphosed and later overthrust on upper Palaeozoic continental formations

Studies on the Microcrustacea of Three Montane Lakes in Glacier National Park, Montana

Grinnell Lake, Lake Josephine, and Swiftcurrent Lake, at an elevation of approximately 5,000 feet in northwestern Montana, are comparable with lakes in the montane zone defined by Pennak for lakes at elevations between 8,200 feet and 10,500 feet in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado. Five species of Copepoda, six Cladocera, and four Ostracoda were collected in the lakes studied. The population of microcrustacea in these lakes was most dense in or slightly above the masses of rooted aquatic vegetation growing to a height of six to 10 inches above the bottom wherever the water was between three feet and 20 feet deep. Frequent qualitative collections with the plankton net indicated that the population density at other depths in both lakes was low. Quantitative collections verified that the only groups more abundant than one individual per liter at intermediate depths were the immature Copepoda in July and Bosmine longirostris in August. The species of Copepoda and Cladocera inhabiting these labs are widely distributed in lowland lakes and in lakes in alpine areas of America and Europe

Control of primary productivity and the significance of photosynthetic bacteria in a meromictic kettle lake.

During 1986 planktonic primary production and controlling factors were investigated in a small (A0 = 11.8 · 103 m2, Zmax = 11.5 m) meromictic kettle lake (Mittlerer Buchensee). Annual phytoplankton productivity was estimated to ca 120 gC · m–2 · a–1 (1,42 tC · lake–1 · a–1). The marked thermal stratification of the lake led to irregular vertical distributions of chlorophylla concentrations (Chla) and, to a minor extent, of photosynthesis (Az). Between the depths of 0 to 6 m low Chla concentrations (< 7 mg · m–3) and comparatively high background light attenuation (kw = 0,525 m–1, 77% of total attenuation due to gelbstoff and abioseston) was found. As a consequence, light absorption by algae was low (mean value 17,4%) and self-shading was absent. Because of the small seasonal variation of Chla concentrations, no significant correlation between Chla and areal photosynthesis (A) was observed. Only in early summer (June–July) biomass appears to influence the vertical distribution of photosynthesis on a bigger scale. Around 8 m depth, low-light adapted algae and phototrophic bacteria formed dense layers. Due to low ambient irradiances, the contribution of these organisms to total primary productivity was small. Primary production and incident irradiance were significantly correlated with each other (r2 = 0.68). Although the maximum assimilation number (Popt) showed a clear dependence upon water temperature (Q10 = 2.31), the latter was of minor importance to areal photosynthesis

Limnology, Primary Productivity, and Carbonate Sedimentation of Minnesota Lakes

Megard, Robert O.. (1967). Limnology, Primary Productivity, and Carbonate Sedimentation of Minnesota Lakes. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/168289

"Sammen om barna" Tverrfagligsamarbeid om barn fra 0 - 16 år , med foreldre som viktig samarbeidspart. En kvalitativ studie om foreldres erfaring med hjelpetilbudet tverrfaglig konsultasjonsteam, når barnet viser tidlige tegn til vansker.

Sammendrag Bakgrunn: Det er et viktig mål med primærforebyggende arbeid å sikre gode oppvekstforhold og utviklingsmuligheter for alle barn og unge, og at alle barn og familier skal motta hjelp og støtte som svarer til de behov den enkelte har. Tidlig inkludering av foreldre i samarbeid rundt barns vansker, anses som viktig både med bakgrunn i foreldre sin posisjon til å kunne hjelpe, deres innflytelse og innvirkning på barns utvikling, men også fordi dette er en rett foreldrene har til medvirkning. Til tross for at foreldre regnes som den viktigste faktoren for å lykkes med tidlig hjelpetiltak for barn og unge, foreligger det lite forskningsbasert kunnskap om foreldre sine erfaringer med de hjelpetilbud som tilbys. Mange barn og familier trenger samordnede og gode støttesystem tidlig, noe som krever samarbeid og innsats på tvers av fagområder, etater og profesjonelle, noe som kan være utfordrende å få til. Teori om barns utvikling, risiko og beskyttende faktorer som påvirker denne, presenteres og drøftes sammen med annen forskning på foreldrestøttende tiltak. Hensikt og problemstilling: Hensikten med studien var å utforske foreldre sine erfaringer fra deltakelse i tverrfaglig hjelpetilbud for barn, og hvordan de opplever slikt samarbeid når noe er vanskelig. Problemstillingen var, hvilke erfaringer har foreldre med tverrfaglig hjelpetilbud for barn, når barnet viser tidlige tegn på vansker? Metode: Denne studien er kvalitativ og basert på semistrukturert intervju med ni informanter, åtte mødre og en far. Funnene ble inndelt i kategoriene: erfaringer med de som skal hjelpe, erfaringer med hjelpen vi fikk, og erfaringer med måten å bli møtt på. Resultat: Resultatene viste at informantene hadde varierte erfaringer fra deltakelse i tverrfaglig hjelpetilbud for barn, relatert til hjelpen de mottok og måten de ble møtt på. Mange informanter hadde negative erfaringer med inngangen til hjelpetilbudet, noe som påvirket ønsket om videre hjelp og samarbeid. Flere kjente seg sårbare i møte med fagpersoner og hjelpeapparat. Informantene hadde også varierte erfaringer med hjelpen de ble tilbudt. Måten å bli møtt på i selve møtesituasjonen og tverrfagligheten i tilbudet ble av mange informanter omtalt positivt. Konklusjon: Denne studien om hvilke erfaringer foreldre har fra deltakelse i tverrfaglig hjelpetilbud for barn, viser at foreldre erfarer tverrfaglig konsultasjonsteam som et positivt hjelpetilbud. Dette relateres til tverrfagligheten i tilbudet, organisering, erfaringsmessig og faglig kompetanse hos fagpersoner som deltar. Resultatene viser at mange foreldre kjenner seg sårbare i møte med fagpersoner og hjelpeapparat, og at dette ofte er relatert til måten bekymring om barn blir tatt opp med foreldre. Foreldre sine erfaringer er også relatert til fagpersoner sin kunnskap om hjelpetilbudet, og fagpersoners trygghet og kompetanse relatert til vanskebilder og risiko. Studien kan ha implikasjoner for praksis ved å synliggjøre et behov for økt bevissthet relatert til foreldres sårbarhet hos fagpersoner i tjenestene, og kunnskap om hvordan tilbud om hjelp og bekymring om barn bør tas opp med foreldre. Det er behov for videre forskning på foreldre sine erfaringer, og hvilken hjelp som tilbys hvem og hvorfor, for å kunne utvikle tilpassede hjelpetilbud for barn og foreldre. Nøkkelord: Foreldres erfaringer, barns psykiske helse, tverrfaglig samarbeid, forebygging, tidlig innsats.Abstract Background: It is an important goal in primary prevention work, to ensure good upbringing conditions and development opportunities for all children and young people, and that all children and families should receive help and support that corresponds to the needs of the individual. Early inclusion of parents in collaboration around children’s difficulties, are considered important both based on parents’ positions to be able to help, their influence and impact on children`s development, but also because this is a right the parents have to participation. Even though parents are considered the most important factor for success of early help measures for children and young people, little is known about parents’ experiences with the help offered to them. Many children and families need a coordinated and good support systems early on, which requires cooperation and efforts across disciplines, agencies, and professionals, which can be challenging to achieve. Theory of child development, the risks and protective factors that affect it, are presented, and discussed together with other research on parental support measures. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore parents` experiences from participation in interdisciplinary help services for children, and how they experience such cooperation when something is difficult. The research question was, what experiences do parents have with interdisciplinary help services for children, when children show early signs of difficulties? Methods: This study is qualitative study and based on semi - structured interviews with nine informants, eight mothers and one father. The findings were divided into the categories: experiences with those who will help, experiences with the help we received and experiences with the way to be met. Results: The result showed that the informants had varied experiences from participation in interdisciplinary help services for children, related to the help they received and the way they were met. Many informants had negative experiences with the entrance to the help service, which affected the desire for further help and cooperation. Several felt vulnerable in meetings with professionals and support services. The informants also had varied experiences with the help they were offered. The way to be met in the actual meeting situation and the interdisciplinarity in the offer was discussed positively by many informants. Conclusion: This study on what experiences parents have from participating in interdisciplinary help services for children, shows that parents experience interdisciplinary consultation team as a positive help offer. This is related to the interdisciplinarity of the offer, organization, experiential and professional competence of participating professionals. The results show that many parents feel vulnerable in meetings with professionals and support service, and that this often is related to the way concerns about children are raised with parents. Parents`experiences are also related to professionals`knowledge of the help offered, and professionals`security and competence related to difficulties and risk. The study may have implication for practice by highlighting a need for increased awareness of parental vulnerability among professionals in the services, and knowledge of how offers of help and concern for children should be addressed with parents. There is a need for further research on parents`experiences, and what help is offered to whom and why, to develop customized help for the individual child and parents. Keywords: Parents`experiences, children`s mental health, interdisciplinary collaboration, prevention, early interventio

Parents' attitudes towards varicella vaccination acceptance in France and Germany: effect of vaccine recommendation and reimbursement (a survey)

Aims: To ascertain physicians' and parents' attitudes towards varicella vaccination acceptance and to compare them between Germany (G), where routine varicella vaccination is recommended in children, and France (F), where it is not. Methods: Study design: cross-sectional pharmacoepidemiological study conducted in pediatric practice. Data included descriptions of the vaccinated children by pediatricians and descriptions of the parents’ attitudes using a self-administered questionnaire. The next five successive children, under 15 years old, vaccinated against varicella were included in the study. Results: Six hundred ninety-five pediatricians (F: 186; G: 509) and 2,593 parents (F: 664; G: 1,929) were included in the study. Initially, 7.1% of the German parents and 15.3% of the French parents were reluctant to have their children inoculated with the varicella vaccine (p < 0.0001). The main reason for their reluctance was the ‘fear of complications due to the vaccination’ in both countries (G: 60.0% vs 55.5%; p: ns). Fewer German parents thought that the varicella vaccine was too recent (5.9% vs 45.5%; p < 0.0001), and they were also less reluctant due to the cost of the vaccination (G: 11.9% vs F:22.8%; p < 0.02). In both countries, the most convincing arguments for parents who were initially reluctant were 'information on the potential seriousness of the disease,' which was reported by three-quarters of the parents (G: 70.0% vs F: 74.3%; p: ns), and 'availability of an effective, well-tolerated vaccine' (G: 59.4% vs F: 64.0%; p: ns). Conclusion: Even in the absence of an official recommendation, French parents will accept varicella vaccine to the same extent as German parents where it is advisable if they receive appropriate information about the potential severity of the disease and the efficacy and safety of the vaccine

A Comparison of Leadership Styles Between College Physical Education Instructors and College Football Coaches

The study of leadership in physical education and athletics is a relatively new area but some groundwork has already been laid. Knickerbocker considered the primary function of a leader to be organizing the activities of individuals toward the accomplishment of some end through controlling the means for the satisfaction of relevant needs of members of that group. Leadership is personality in action under group conditions. It includes dominant personality traits of an individual and receptive personality qualities of many persons. Many terms and classifications have been used to describe leaders. Bogardus for example described leadership in relation to other people and things. Direct leaders deal with people whereas indirect leaders set forces in motion that eventually change the currents of human activity. An example of a direct leader would be a minister or teacher. Classifying leaders according to leadership style is another way of describing leaders. As a result of these studies the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) was developed. It not only attempted to describe leader behavior but also to assess the effectiveness of leadership acts . Another way to classify leadership is to identify the important and distinctive qualities of leaders. Certain qualities within a leader can be used to determine a leadership style. Gouldner refers to these individual qualities as traits. Leadership could therefore be described in terms of traits possessed by the leader. Other terms commonly associated with leadership are democratic and authoritarian. Authoritarianism centers around decision making involving one person or small numbers of people. Democratic leaders usually reach decisions through group discussion and bargaining. The concept of situational leadership has recently emerged as a dominant theory in leadership study. In this theory the specific surroundings or situation will dictate how a leader should behave. The situation includes everything in that environment; interpersonal relations with people, things and nature. Leadership in the areas of business and industry has been studied extensively. This research project proposes to identify and compare. the leadership styles of college physical education instructors and college football coaches. The essence of the project can be communicated in the following framing questions: 1. Do leadership styles vary among individuals? 2. Does the nature of one\u27s work determine an leadership style or do certain types of leaders prefer certain occupations? 3. Do college football coaches and college physical education instructors have different leadership styles