МАСКАРАД СКРЫТЫХ ЖЕЛАНИЙ. ПСИХОАНАЛИЗ «TRAUMNOVELLE» АРТУРА ШНИЦЛЕРА

The article provides with psychoanalysis of the story titled Traumnovelle (Rhapsody: A Dream Novel, also known as Dream Story), written by Arthur Schnitzler, representative of the Viennese modernist style, that decodes intricate forms of mental life from unconscious instincts, libido. The reader is exposed to the characters’ affection, that of the therapist Fridolin and his wife Albertina, who play each other up with immodest confessions about their erotic affection. The article uncovers the action mode of the story, which is on the verge between dream and reality, consciousness and unconsciousness, peculiarities of feelings exposure through the characters’ imagination, structurally similar to a dream, is reviewed as well. The article examines the motivational structure of Albertina’s behavior, determined by “primary affection”, activity of her psychics, regulated by “satisfaction principle”, and that of Fridolin, based on “reality principle”, where functional activity is coherent with human needs and external reality conditions. The article investigates the motive of a mask as a symbol of transformation, acquisition of anonymity by losing individuality (Fridolin’s participation in a sado-masochistic orgy at villa of secret society) and as an opposition to the husband real-life adventure – Albertina’s dream, revealing frustration and pleasure from a married woman’s revenge for the imposed role of serving her husband. It is concluded that the art, as well as a dream, makes it possible to get released for some period of time from a social role and a consciousness censorship.KEY WORDS: psychoanalysis, Viennese modern style, dream, reality, consciousness, sub-consciousness, satisfaction principle, reality principle, behavior motivational structure, mask, symbol, frustration, pleasure, social role, consciousness censorship.doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rh.v23i0.179

EFFECT OF ELECTRON IRRADIATION CONDITIONS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF DEFECT FORMATION IN MgAl2 O4 SPINEL

This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (Joint Ukrainian – Latvian Project № М/7-2022). The authors are grateful to Ivar E. Reimanis of Colorado School of Mine who provided samples of spinel ceramics. And IEP and IHEPNP high energy electron beam irradiation facilities operators for ensuring stable experimental accelerator beam modes.The efficiency of defect formation in spinel ceramics of magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) under electron irradiation has been determined. A strong effect of cooling on the concentration of residual defects was revealed. When using electrons with energies above the giant dipole resonance for Mg, Al, O and cooling the sample with an air-blown aluminum radiator, a total increase in the efficiency of F-center formation by a factor of 4.3 was obtained. PACS: 61.72.jn; 61.80.Fe. © 2022, National Science Center, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology. All rights reserved.Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine М/7-2022; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2

Monitoring of Radiation Defects Recovery in MgAl2O4 During Annealing by Optical Spectroscopy

The extraordinary radiation resistance of single crystals and ceramics of magnesium-aluminum spinel to neutron irradiation is known, but the mechanisms that provide it are not yet understood. Irradiation of crystals with fast electrons creates defects partially similar to defects in neutron irradiation. The difference in the destructive effect is the significant level of ionization during electron irradiation. Therefore, to compare the results of irradiation by different sources, it is necessary to determine the parameters of radiation defects. One of them is the conditions of radiation damage recovery.  When irradiating the crystals with electrons with an energy of 12.5 MeV to a fluence of 6.8∙1016 eV/cm2, the concentration of defects such as F-centers 2.6∙1016 cm-3 and V-centers 3∙1017 cm-3 was obtained. TSL and optical absorption spectroscopy methods were used to determine the state of radiation defects in crystals during annealing. Since annealing at temperatures above 900 K leads to complete discoloration of all optically active centers, therefore, to determine the effect of annealing at higher temperatures, the crystals after annealing were irradiated with ultraviolet light. At temperatures above 900 K, cationic disorder begins to increase, but annealing at 1010 K for 30 minutes was not enough to completely restore the damage to the crystal lattice created by electron irradiation. This is expected, given the characteristic relaxation time of cation disorder, which reaches 1000 hours at this temperature.  However, increasing the annealing temperature to 1050 K, in addition to the recovery of radiation defects, creates a noticeable additional difference in TSL, probably due to the formation of complexes from residual F-centers. However, determining the difference between irradiated and non-irradiated crystals gives a difference in the concentration of F-centers at the level of 1015 cm-3

Učinak ozračivanja elektronima visoke energije na optička svojstva olovnog stakla

Optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of lead silicate glass irradiated by 5- to 10-MeV electrons are studied. High-energy electron irradiation is shown to result in the formation of colour centres generally similar to those being formed by X-ray and γ-radiation. The most probable factors responsible for the non-sensitivity of the photoluminescence of the investigated lead silicate glass to the electron irradiation are discussed.U vidljivom smo području proučavali apsorpciju i fotoluminescentne spektre olovnog stakla ozračenog elektronima energije 5 do 10 MeV. Pokazuje se da to ozračivanje stvara centre boje vrlo slične onima koji se postižu ozračivanjem Xi γ-zračenjem. Raspravljamo o najvjerojatnijim uzrocima neosjetljivosti fotoluminescencije na ozračivanje elektronima

Manipulating Environmental Clutter Reveals Dynamic Active Sensing Strategies in Big Brown Bats

Vocalizing animals confront acoustically challenging conditions in which background noise (clutter) can mask or shift attention away from biologically relevant signals. Echolocating big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) are excellent comparative models for studying how animals differentiate between multiple sound sources in complex acoustic scenes. We trained four big brown bats to fly down an asymmetrical corridor producing distinct clutter echoes from the two sides. While in flight, they were presented with playbacks of exemplars of an echolocation call, a social communication call, or waterfall noise, from one or both sides of this corridor; a silence condition served as a control. We predicted that bats would perceive the playbacks, as indexed by modifications of their vocalizations and shifts in their head aim. Bats completed flights at a high rate of success in all conditions. Although bats produced calls in similar sized sonar sound groups in playback and silent trials, they emitted more echolocation calls and shortened the time intervals between calls in response to playbacks. These comparisons suggest the playbacks increased the perceptual difficulty of the task to some extent. Bats aimed their heads towards the left side of the corridor where clutter echoes were acoustically stronger but also sparser. Changes in head aim in response to playbacks were small. Our data suggest that big brown bats flying through clutter detect differences in the information content of surrounding acoustic scenes and alter their echolocation behavior accordingly

Finding Your Mate at a Cocktail Party: Frequency Separation Promotes Auditory Stream Segregation of Concurrent Voices in Multi-Species Frog Choruses

Vocal communication in crowded social environments is a difficult problem for both humans and nonhuman animals. Yet many important social behaviors require listeners to detect, recognize, and discriminate among signals in a complex acoustic milieu comprising the overlapping signals of multiple individuals, often of multiple species. Humans exploit a relatively small number of acoustic cues to segregate overlapping voices (as well as other mixtures of concurrent sounds, like polyphonic music). By comparison, we know little about how nonhuman animals are adapted to solve similar communication problems. One important cue enabling source segregation in human speech communication is that of frequency separation between concurrent voices: differences in frequency promote perceptual segregation of overlapping voices into separate “auditory streams” that can be followed through time. In this study, we show that frequency separation (ΔF) also enables frogs to segregate concurrent vocalizations, such as those routinely encountered in mixed-species breeding choruses. We presented female gray treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis) with a pulsed target signal (simulating an attractive conspecific call) in the presence of a continuous stream of distractor pulses (simulating an overlapping, unattractive heterospecific call). When the ΔF between target and distractor was small (e.g., ≤3 semitones), females exhibited low levels of responsiveness, indicating a failure to recognize the target as an attractive signal when the distractor had a similar frequency. Subjects became increasingly more responsive to the target, as indicated by shorter latencies for phonotaxis, as the ΔF between target and distractor increased (e.g., ΔF = 6–12 semitones). These results support the conclusion that gray treefrogs, like humans, can exploit frequency separation as a perceptual cue to segregate concurrent voices in noisy social environments. The ability of these frogs to segregate concurrent voices based on frequency separation may involve ancient hearing mechanisms for source segregation shared with humans and other vertebrates

GENRE METAMORPHOSIS. PSYCHOGRAM OF SERIAL KILLER (BASED ON THOMAS RAAB NOVEL “SILENCE”)

The article is devoted to the problem of genre hybridization in the novel “Silence. One Killer Chronicle” by modern Austrian writer Thomas Raab. The composition and structure of the novel as a “text in motion”, as becoming of being has been analyzed. The problems of an individual in the context of authoritative power discourse, marginality, Michel Focalut’s nomadism have been elucidated. The final of the novel’s content has been revealed as apotheosis of pain for creativity, feelings sublimation, as birth of an artistic piece and, at the same time, “death of the author”, who exposes discourses, responsible for generating texts which are assigned to him.</jats:p