Usporedba vrijednosti dvaju različitih kompleta početnica za dokaz vrste Pasteurella caballi lančanom reakcijom polimerazom u uzorcima bronhoalveolarnog ispirka ždrebadi čistokrvnoga arapskog konja.

In the present study, Pasteurella caballi (P. caballi) was isolated and identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples from thoroughbred Arabian foals using conventional microbiological methods. Subsequently, the ability of two different PCR primer sets was evaluated for detection and confirmation of P. caballi. Primer sets 1 and 2, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of P. caballi, were designed using the Primer 3 and Primer-BLAST programs, respectively. PCR was performed to confirm P. caballi strains and to detect it directly in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples. In total, 35 Pasteurella spp. were isolated from 25 (38.4 %) of 65 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples, and 10 (58.8 %) of 17 lung samples. These strains were identified as P. caballi based on conventional microbiological and biochemical characteristics. The sensitivities of primers 1 and 2 were determined to be 100 % to confirm cultured P. caballi strains. However, the specificity of P. caballi detection was lower with primer set-1 than primer set-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples. The sensitivity and specificity of primer set-2 were confirmed by gene sequence analysis. This study indicates that the 16S rRNA-PCR method, using primer set-2, provides a rapid and accurate tool for the detection and confirmation of P. caballi isolates in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples from foals.Pasteurella caballi (P. caballi) izdvojena je i identificirana u uzorcima bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i tkiva pluća ždrebadi čistokrvnoga arapskoga konja uobičajenim mikrobiološkim postupcima. Potom je istražena vrijednost dvaju različitih kompleta početnica za dokaz i potvrdu vrste P. caballi lančanom reakcijom polimerazom. Početnica 1 za dokaz gena 16S rRNA P. caballi bila je pripremljena upotrebom programa Primer 3, a početnica 2 upotrebom programa Primer-BLAST. Lančana reakcija polimerazom rabljena je za potvrdu sojeva vrste P. caballi i za njezin izravni dokaz u uzorcima bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i plućnoga tkiva. Ukupno je bilo izdvojeno 35 izolata Pasteurella spp. iz 25 (38,4 %) od 65 pretraženih uzoraka bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i 10 (58,8 %) izolata iz 17 uzoraka plućnoga tkiva. Ti su sojevi bili identificirani na osnovi poznatih mikrobioloških i biokemijskih značajki. Početnice 1 i 2 pokazale su 100 %-tnu osjetljivost za identifikaciju uzgojenih sojeva. Međutim, početnica set-1 za dokaz vrste P. caballi bila je slabije specifičnosti od početnice set-2 pri pretrazi uzoraka bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i plućnoga tkiva. Osjetljivost i specifičnost početnice 2 bila je povrđena analizom genske sekvencije. Istraživanje pokazuje da početnica set-2 za lančanu reakciju polimerazom za dokaz 16S rRNA pruža brz i točan alat za dokazivanje i potvrdu izolata vrste P. caballi u bronhoalveolarnom ispirku i plućnom tkivu ždrebadi

Investigation of the sea turtle population (caretta caretta and chelonia mydas) at kumluca reproduction beach in antalya province during a reproduction season

Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Su Ürünleri Avlama ve İşleme Teknolojisi Ana Bilim DalıBu çalışmanın amacı, Antalya ili Kumluca sahilinde yoğun olarak gözlemlenen deniz kaplumbağalarının potansiyel yuvalama alanlarının belirlenmesi ve bir üreme sezonu boyunca deniz kaplumbağası aktivitesinin izlenmesidir. Çalışmamız Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından 'Deniz Kaplumbağası Yuvalama Alanı' olarak tanımlanan 14 km'lik alanı kapsamaktadır. Arazi çalışmaları haziran-eylül 2017 tarihleri arasında günlük olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tespit edilen yuvaların koordinatı, denize uzaklığı (DIA, YIA, ve DKA olarak) ve varsa vejetasyona uzaklığı kaydedilmiştir. 2017 üreme sezonunda Chelonia mydas'a ait tek çıkış yuva ile sonuçlanırken, Caretta caretta'ya ait toplam 1306 çıkıştan 715 tanesi yuva ile sonuçlanmıştır. Yuva yoğunluğu Caretta caretta için 51,07 yuva/km olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yuvaların denize uzaklıklarının 6-66 m arasında (ortalama 21,75 ±7,71 m) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 15 ila 30 m arasında ise yoğunluk görülmektedir. Tespit edilen toplam 716 yuvanın 468'inden (%65,4) yavru çıkışı gerçekleşirken, 248'inden (%34,6) yavru çıkışı olmamıştır. Gece yapılan arazi çalışmalarında yumurtlamaya çıkan, toplamda EKB 64 ila 84 cm arasında olan 36 adet Caretta caretta başarılı bir şekilde markalanmıştır. Markalanan bireylerin ortalama EKB 74,7 ±3,90 cm ve ortalama DKB 67,3 ±5,23 cm olarak ölçülmüştür. Türkiye'deki yuvalama kumsalları arasında en önemlilerinden biri olan Kumluca kumsalında yapılan bu çalışmada popülasyonu tehdit eden sorunlar belirlenmiş olup çözümüne ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur.The aim of this study is to determine the potential nesting areas of sea turtles which are observed in the coast of Kumluca, Antalya and to monitor the sea turtle activity during reproduction season. Our study covers the 14 km area defined as 'Sea Turtles Nesting Area' by General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks. Area works were carried out daily between June and September 2017. The coordinates of the nests determined, the distance to the sea (as PWA, HWA, and PDA) and if there is any distance to vegetation were recorded. During the 2017 breeding season, for Chelonia mydas only one outlet was resulted with nest while 715 out of 1306 outlets of Caretta caretta resulted with nests. Nest density is calculated as 51.07 nest/km for Caretta caretta. The distance of the nests to the sea was found to be between 6-66 m (average 21.75 ± 7.71 m). Density is between 15 and 30 m. While 468 (65.4%) of the total 716 nests were determined with cub outlet, there was no cub outlets from in 248 (34.6%). Area works at nights, 36 Caretta caretta which is between 64 and 84 cm and was going out spawning have been successfully branded. The branded ones was determined that the average CCL was 74.7 ± 3.90 cm and average SCL was 67.3 ± 5.23 cm. With this study at Kumluca beach, which is one of the most important nesting beaches in Turkey, problems that threaten the population have been identified and suggestions for their solution are presented

Jatrogena zloporaba klorpromazina u mačića

Chlorpromazine is a sedative effective phenothiazine derivative used to prevent nausea and vomiting, especially in cases of motion sickness in cats. It has serious side effects at high doses, including weakness, tremors, loss of anal sphincter tone and reflexes, hypotension, heart rhythm abnormalities, coma, agitation and seizures. In this case report, chlorpromazine toxicity was defined in a 4-month-old, 1.2 kg male Van kitten brought to Selcuk University Veterinary Faculty Emergency Clinic with complaints of stagnation, tremors, vomiting and excessive sleepiness. Hypothermia (35.2 °C), hyperpnea (88 breaths/min), hypersalivation, constipation, excessive agitation, tremors and incoordination were determined in the clinical examination of the kitten. It was learned from the anamnesis that 100 mg chlorpromazine was given orally before the trip against motion sickness. Electrocardiographic examination determined sinus tachycardia (220 beats/min), increase in P wave amplitude, elevation in ST complex and hypotension (S/MAP/D = 148/124/112). The major laboratory findings were metabolic acidosis (pH 7.278), hypoglycaemia (61 mg/dL), leukocytosis (22.43 m/mm3), increase in blood ured nitrogen (17.7 mg/dL), creatinine (0.6 mg/dL) and ALP (121 U/L) concentrations and hypertriglyceridemia (122 mg/dL). Based on the anamnesis, clinical, laboratory and ECG findings, the kitten was diagnosed with overdose chlorpromazine toxicity and hospitalized, and put under surveillance for continuous cardiac monitoring. Lactated ringer solution, norepinephrine tartrate, furosemide, activated charcoal and oxygen therapy were given. The treatment was successful. In conclusion, it was evaluated that continuous cardiac monitoring and controlling hypotension were important in the management of chlorpromazine toxicity, and fluid therapy, norepinephrine, diuretic and activated charcoal administrations achieve success in treatment.Klorpromazin je derivat fenotiazina sa sedativnim učinkom, a rabi se za sprječavanje mučnine i povraćanja, posebice u slučajevima bolesti kretanja u mačaka. Pri velikim dozama ima ozbiljne nuspojave poput slabosti, drhtanja, gubitka tonusa analnog sfinktera i refleksa, hipotenzije, abnormalnosti srčanog ritma, kome, uznemirenosti i napadaja. U ovoj analizi slučaja, u četveromjesečnog mačića turske pasmine van težine 1,2 kg koji je doveden na hitnu pomoć Veterinarskog fakulteta Selcuk Sveučilišta s primjećenim simptomima stagnacije, drhtanja, povraćanja i prekomjerne pospanosti otkriveno je trovanje klorpromazinom. Kliničkim pregledom mačke utvrđena je hipotermija (35,2 °C), hiperpneja (88 udisaja/min), hipersalivacija, konstipacija, prekomjerna uznemirenost, drhtanje i nekoordinacija. Iz anamneze je otkriveno da je mačić prije puta oralno primio 100 mg klorpromazina, za sprječavanje bolesti kretanja. Na elektrokardiografskom pregledu ustvrđena je sinusna tahikardija (220 otkucaja/min), povećanje amplitude P vala, podizanje ST segmenta i hipotenzija (S/MAP/D = 148/124/112). Glavni laboratorijski nalazi bili su metabolička acidoza (pH 7,278), hipoglikemija (61 mg/dL), leukocitoza (22,43 m/mm3), povećanje koncentracije ureje u krvi (17,7 mg/dL), kreatinina (0,6 mg/dL) i ALP (121 U/L) i hipertrigliceridemija (122 mg/dL). Prema anamnezi, kliničkim, laboratorijskim i EKG nalazima, mačiću je dijagnosticirano trovanje prekomjernom dozom klorpromazina te je hospitaliziran, uz kontinuirano praćenje rada srca. Mačić je primao Ringerov laktat, norepinefrin tartrat, furosemid, aktivni ugljen i terapiju kisikom. Liječenje je bilo uspješno. Zaključno, procijenjeno je da su kontinuirano praćenje rada srca i kontrola hipotenzije bile važne u liječenju trovanja klorpromazinom te da tekuća terapija, norepinefrin, diuretik i aktivni ugljen postižu uspjeh u liječenju

The importance of venous blood gas findings and clinical scores in calves with bovine respiratory disease complex

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of bacteriological factors in the etiology of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRD) on the clinical scores and blood gases. Materials and Methods: The animal material of the study consisted of 28 calves with BRD (experimental group) and 10 healthy calves (control group), aged between 60-120 days. Calves with BRD were divided into three sub-groups depending on the microbiological examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; Mannheimia haemolytica (n:6), Pasteurella multocida (n:10) and Mycoplasma bovis (n:12). All calves were scored based on the Wisconsin (WI) score system. Blood gases were measured in venous blood samples. Results: All clinical scores were found to be higher (p <0.05) in the experimental group compared to the control group. The clinical course of the disease was found to be more severe in M. haemolytica and P. multocida groups than in the M. bovis group (p <0.05). In all experimental groups, pCO2 level was high, the pO2 and sO2 levels were low (p<0.05). Cl level was lower and HCO3 level was higher (p <0.05) in P. multocida group compared to control and M. haemolytica groups, BEefc and BE levels were found to be higher (p Conclusion: It was concluded that changes in blood gases and acid-base balance in BRD calves are associated with metabolic compensation of respiratory problems, and according to the clinical scores, M. haemolytica and P. multocida infections had a more severe course

Conservation and monitoring of Marine turtle (Caretta caretta) population in the Demre (Kale) beach region of Antalya province

Bu çalışma, Antalya ili Demre sahilinde Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından ‘‘Deniz Kaplumbağası Yuvalama Alanı’’ olarak tanımlanmış olan toplam 9,2 km uzunluğundaki kumsalda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kumsal, 3 bölgeye (Beymelek-Lagün Kumsalı, Sülüklü Kumsalı, Taşdibi Kumsalı) ayrılarak bir üreme sezonu boyunca izlenmiştir. 2020 üreme sezonunda kumsala toplam 368 Caretta caretta çıkışı olmuş ve bunların 114 (% 30,98) tanesi yuva ile sonuçlanmıştır. Yuva yoğunluğu 9,2 km’lik Demre kumsallarında 12,4 yuva/km olarak hesaplanmıştır. En yüksek yuva sayısına 49 yuva (% 42,98) ile Beymelek-Lagün bölgesinde ulaşılmıştır. Demre kumsallarında gerçekleşen toplam 254 yuvasız (iz) çıkıştan 120 tanesi (% 47,24) Beymelek-Lagün’de, 69 tanesi (%27,17) Sülüklü’de, 65 tanesi de (%25,59) Taşdibi bölgesinde gerçekleşmiştir. Yuvaların denize uzaklıkları 11-63 m (ortalama 29,5±10,35) arasında olup 25-30 m’de yoğunluk görülmektedir. Demre yuvalama alanında yapılmış olan çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Bunun yanında Demre ilçesi trustik olarak gelişmekte olan bir bölge olduğu için yapılacak çalışmaların ilerideki koruma stratejileri açısından önemi büyüktürThis study was carried out on a 9.2 km long beach, defined as "Sea Turtle Nesting Area" by the General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks in the Demre coast of Antalya province. The beach was divided into 3 regions (Beymelek Lagoon Beach, Sülüklü Beach, Taşdibi Beach) and monitored during a breeding season. In the 2020 breeding season, a total of 368 Caretta caretta came to the beach and 114 (30.98%) of them resulted in nests. The nest density was calculated as 12.4 nests/km on the 9.2 km long Demre beaches. The highest number of nests was reached in the Beymelek-Lagun beach with 49 (42.98%) nests. A total of 254 uninhabited (track) exits were determined in all the beaches of Demre, that 120 (47.24%) were in Beymelek-Lagun, 69 (27.17%) in Sülüklü, and 65 (25.59%) in Taşdibi. The distances of the nests to the sea are between 11-63 m (average 29.5±10.35), and density is observed at 25-30 m

Oleander poisoning in cattle

In this case report, pathological findings in cattle poisoning that was thought to be caused by the leaves of Nerium oleander in a farm was described. Clinically, sudden death, anemia and diarrhea were seen. Post-mortem examination of the animals revealed changing degrees of hyperemia, edema, and petechial bleedings were observed. In histopathological examination, edema, hyperemia and occasional hemorrhage with degeneration and necrosis in myocytes and neurons in heart and brain were detected. Based on the pathological findings, observations of oleander leaves in the feeders and deaths after the oleander trees were cut down have verified the diagnosis of oleander poisoning in these cattle

The Association Among Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 Levels, Total Antioxidant Capacity and Arousal in Male Patients with OSA

Background: The mechanisms of the increased cardiac and vascular events in patients with OSA are not well understood. Arousal which is an important component of OSA was associated with increased sympathetic activation and electrocardiographic changes which prone to arrhythmias. We planned to examine the association among arousal, circulating Lp-PLA2 and total antioxidant capacity in male patients with OSA. Methods: Fifty male patients with newly diagnosed OSA were enrolled the study. A full-night polysomnography was performed and arousal index was obtained. Lp-PLA2 concentrations were measured in serum samples with the PLAC Test. Total antioxidant capacity in patients was determined with Antioxidant Assay Kit. Results: Arousal was positively correlated with LP-PLA2 levels (r=0.43, p=0.002) and was negatively correlated with total antioxidant capacity (r= -0.29, p=0.04). Elevated LP-PLA2 levels and decreased total antioxidant activities were found in the highest arousal quartile compared with the lowest and 2nd quartiles (p=0.02, p=0.05, respectively). LP-PLA2 was an independently predictor of arousal index in regression model (beta=0.357, p=0.002) Conclusions: This study demonstrated a moderate linear relationship between arousal and LP-PLA2 levels. Also, total antioxidant capacities were decreased in the higher arousal index. Based on the study result, the patients with higher arousal index may be prone to vascular events.Bilim Drug Company Ltd.The authors acknowledge to Bilim Drug Company Ltd. for the financial support for the LP-PLA2 and total antioxidant capacity assay kits. Also, the authors acknowledge to sleep laboratory staff for their contributions to the study